Kwa olima odziwa zamaluwa, Ankalumikiza ndi njira yabwino komanso yodalirika yofalitsira zosiyanasiyana zomwe mumakonda, onjezerani pollinator, kuwonjezera kukula kwa chisanu cha mtengo wazipatso, ndikungosinthanitsa zosonkhanitsa zanu zosiyanasiyana. Kuchita izi kumawopseza oyamba kumene ndikuwoneka ngati ovuta. Inde, katemera sichinthu chovuta kwambiri kugwira ntchito, koma ngakhale akudziwa mawonekedwe a zomerazo, njira zoyenera ndi masiku ake, ngakhale mlimi wa novice amatha kudziwa sayansi iyi ndikuthandizira ntchitoyo.
Cherry plum katemera mawu
Nthawi yabwino yopukuta chitumbuwa maula ndizoyambirira masika. Kumanizidwa kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena mu Epulo, musanaphuke, odulidwa ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopulumuka. Katemera ungachitike mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, ndi kum'mwera kwa nthawi yozizira, koma kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe munthawi imeneyi kumakhala kotsika kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kutuluka kwam'mawa kumathandizira kupulumuka kwa odulidwa. Ndikofunikanso kuti wosamalira mundawo awonetsetsetsetsetsetsetsetsetsetsetsetsetselo womwe wagwila. Ngati patatha masabata awiri awiri masamba atatupa, ndiye kuti zonse zitha. Kupanda kutero, mutha kuyesanso m'chilimwe.
Akuluakulu fruiting maula - zokongoletsera zamunda
Njira zazikulu za katemera
Pali njira zambiri zopangira katemera. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumatengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana - kukula kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa odulidwa, kulumikizidwa mbewu, nthawi ya opareshoni ndi luso la wokonza dimba.
Nthawi zambiri kuposa ena, budding imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yabwinobwino komanso yosavuta kukopera, komanso katemera wa bark kapena splitting.
Cowling ndikulowerera kwa impso imodzi yomwe idadulidwa ndi gawo la kotekisi. Iyi mwina ndiyo njira yothandiza kwambiri - impso yolumikizidwa imakhala mizu mosavuta, pomwe katundu sakhala wovulazidwa, komanso ngati katemera wosagwiritsa ntchito bwino nthambi iyi akhonzedwanso. Njirayi ndiyofunika kwambiri ndikadula ochepa - pambuyo pake, impso imodzi yokha ndiyofunikira kuti scion.
Katemera:
- Kapangidwe kokhala ngati T kamapangidwa kamapanga pachidebe chakumpoto ndipo khungwa limakankhidwa pang'ono ndi mpeni.
- Pa scion, impso yokhala ndi chikopa idulidwa - mpeni nthawi yomweyo umayendera limodzi ndi chogwirira.
- Chikopa chodulidwa kuchokera ku scion chimayikidwa mu chitsa ndipo chimakulungidwa zolimba ndi filimu, kudutsa impso.
Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, katemera amatenga mawonekedwe a diso kapena diso, chifukwa chake dzinali limatulutsa - masamba.
Cowling imakupatsani mwayi kuti mupezeke ma scion angapo kuchokera ku shank imodzi
Kukopera kwabwinobwino komanso kusinthidwa - kulumikiza, grafting, wogwiritsidwa ntchito wowonda chitsa. Chobweza chokha kapena kusokonezeka kwa njirayi ndikuti katundu ndi scion zizikhala mulifupi mwake. Zina ndizosavuta. Pakukopera kwatsatanetsatane pamtundu ndi scion, zigawo zofananira chimodzimodzi zimapangidwa, kuphatikiza ndi kukulunga ndi filimu (mkuyu. 1). Akasintha, lilime lowonjezera limadulidwa pachidutswa chilichonse (mkuyu. 2). Mukaphatikiza magawo, ma tabu amatenga nawo mbali, ndikupanga mtundu wamtunda.
Katemera wa kasupe ndi kutulutsa kumapereka zotsatira zabwino
Katemera wa khungwa kapena kugawanika ndiyo njira yosavuta, choncho olima osadziwa zambiri nthawi zambiri amayamba nayo. Zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi njirayi zimadulidwa mwanjira ya wedge ndikuziyika mu mawonekedwe a sitoko.
Katemera wogawa ndi njira yosavuta komanso yodalirika.
Kupambana kwa katemera kumadalira kwambiri zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mpeni uyenera kukulitsidwa kuti kudulako kuchitike poyenda limodzi. Chida chogwirika sichitha kupeza malo athyathyathya, ndipo scion yokhala ndi stock sikhala yolimba. Pazifukwa izi, ndikofunika kugula mpeni womalumikiza wapadera pakati pa dimba.
Kulumikiza kolumikizana ndi mipeni yanjira zosiyanasiyana zokalumikiza kumathandizira kuti wosamalira dimba azigwira ntchito mosavuta
Kuti mukonze katemera, muyenera filimu. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito polyethylene wamba wamba wamagulu, odulidwa m'mizere yayitali 2 cm, kapena tepi yamagetsi, koma muyenera kuyiyika ndi mbali yomatira.
Kuti musindikize magawo otseguka, mufunika var var. Amakwirira pamwamba pa scion ndi kudula kwa nthambi zakutali.
Vidiyo: maula a chitumbuwa - momwe mungapereke katemera moyenera
Omwe ali ndi katemera wa maula
Cheramu maula, makamaka kumpoto, ndi mbewu yovuta kubzala. Chomera cha thermophilic chimatha kuvutika nthawi yachisanu kapena nyengo yotentha mwadzidzidzi. Mavuto azanyengo otere sawonetsedwa mu mbewu m'njira yabwino kwambiri. Katemera amathandiza kuthana ndi vutoli, chinthu chachikulu ndikusankha masheya oyenera.
Omwe amapambana kwambiri ndi katemera pakati pa mbewu zogwirizana, ndipo kuyandikira kwambiri kwa ubale, ndibwino. Zoyenera, kuti mitundu yamitundu yamitundu ya zipatso itabzala pa maula a chitumbuwa, yolima maula, pa maula a maula ndi zina zotero. Katemera pakati pa zipatso zamiyala yosiyanasiyana ndikothekanso, koma kupulumuka sikumakhala 100% nthawi zonse.
Cheramu maula, olumikizidwa kumtengo wamchere, unazika mizu ndikutulutsa chaka chamawa.
Cherry maula ndi mtengo wamwala wopanga mwaluso, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndibwino kuwubzala pamtengo wogwirizana. Cherry ndi apricot ndi oyenera chitsa, ndi pichesi kum'mwera, koma kuti muwonjezere kupirira kwa chomera, ndibwino kubzala maula, kutembenuka, minga kapena chitumbuwa chazikulu pamalowo. Nthawi zonse, ngati kuli kotheka kusankha masheya, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mbewu zomwe zakulidwa kuchokera ku mbeu kapena kuchokera pakukula.
Kukonzekera ndikusungira zodulidwa
Ma cution a Scion amakolola kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, masamba atagwa. Kum'mwera kwa mtengo - ndi pomwe nthambi zolimba kwambiri komanso zokhwima kwambiri zimapezeka, kudula pachaka ndikuwombera 35-55 cm kutalika kwake ndi ma infode ofupi. Pa chogwirirapo payenera kukhala ndi impso zosachepera zisanu. Masamba otsalawo amachotsedwa, ndipo nthambi zimamangidwa m'matchinga ndi mitundu ndipo ma tag amakhala ndi dzina. Mutha kuziwasunga m'chipinda chapansi pa kutentha kwa 0zaC mpaka +2zaC kapena mufiriji, wokutidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza ndikuyiyika m'thumba la pulasitiki. Chipale chokwanira chikadzagwa, mutha kusamutsa phukusi ndikudula kumunda ndiku kukumba, ndikuponyera chopondera tating'ono pamwamba.
Kuti katemera apambane, kudula kumadulidwa kumtengo wobala zipatso. Makulidwe amtundu wakudula sayenera kukhala wopyapyala kuposa pensulo, koma mphukira zakuda kwambiri ndizosafunikira.
Zodulidwa zimayikidwa ndimisukulu, zimasainidwa ndikusiyidwa kuti zizisungidwa
Momwe mungabzalale chitumbuwa kumamu
Ma polima a Cherry ma plamu amafunika popanga zipatso, chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti mudzala angapo odulidwa osiyanasiyana. Ngati grafting ikhoza kupezeka kuti ikalumikizidwa nthawi yosiyanasiyana yopanga zipatso, ndiye kuti mtengowo unalumikizidwa udzaonjezera nthawi yokolola. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ma scion oterowo amakhala zaka zosaposa 10, popeza chitetezo chamthupi cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana chimakhala chosiyana, ndipo ngati nthambi imodzi ibala zipatso ndipo ina ikukonzekera kutulutsa maluwa, mtengo umapanikizika. Masheya abwino kwambiri a plum ya Cher ndi Canamuan, China ndi Ussuri plums.
Cherry maula ndibzalidwe bwino kumadzala nyemba za maula. Katemera mu korona ndiwothekanso, koma m'kupita kwa nthawi mtengo wa plamu ukhoza kukulira pazinthu zambiri ndikukula.
Monga katundu wa maula a chitumbuwa, maula ang'onoang'ono, opitirira zaka 5, ndi abwino. Katemera amapangidwa bwino kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo, nyengo yofunda. Ndikofunika kuchita njirayi masamba asanayambe kuphukira pa maula ndi chitumbuwa. Pa chitsa chimodzi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupange katemera osiyanasiyana munjira zosiyanasiyana - izi zidzakulitsa mwayi wogwira ntchito bwino.
Ma plum vaccin anali opambana
Inoculation wa chitumbuwa maula mu magawano
Pakupewa katemera wa chitumbuwa papulamu, njira yogawanika ndiyopambana kwambiri. Ngakhale wamaluwa osadziwa zambiri amapirira nawo.
Muyenera kuyamba posankha kumeza kumtengo kwa scion (chitumbuwa cha maula) ndi chitsa (maula). Ngati nkotheka kusankha mphukira za m'mimba mwake chomwecho kuti, mutalumikizana, zigawo za cadmium zikugwirizana, kupambana kumatsimikizika. Koma ngakhale ndi chidebe chambiri, kulumikiza nthawi zambiri kumatha bwino ngati zigawo za cadmium zikuphatikizidwa molondola osachepera mbali imodzi.
Ndondomeko
- Sankhani katundu ndikufupikitsa ma secateurs ake kutalika komwe mukufuna.
- Ndi mpeni wakuthwa, poyenda kamodzi pangani gawo lamalonda pamtunda.
- Mutakhazikitsa mpeniwo pang'onopang'ono kudula, gawani nthambi yotalika mpaka 3 cm. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala, pang'ono pang'ono ndikugwedeza mpeni kuti usazame.
- Lozani pansi pa scion mbali zotsutsana mu mawonekedwe a wedge. Pakakhala izi, muyenera kukonzekera magawo mwanjira yoti katemera, impso yam'munsi itayang'ana kunja. Chigawo chilichonse chimachitika poyenda kamodzi. Kutalika kwa gawo lodulidwalo kumayenera kukhala pafupifupi 3 cm.
- Ikani chofufuzira m'makina am'matangadza, ndikuyendetsa mosamala mpaka pakuzama.
- Lumikizani m'mphepete kuti cadmium ifanane ndi mbali imodzi.
- Pukutani katemerayu mwamphamvu ndi filimu kapena tepi yamagetsi, kutulutsa mbali yomata yomatira.
- Chotsani mitengoyo kwa masamba atatu, ndikuchotsa nthambi zonse m'munsi mwa zomata. Malo omwe mabala amayenera kuphimbidwa ndi var vars.
- Pukutani katemera pamwamba ndi zigawo zingapo za agrofibre ndikuyika pa thumba la pulasitiki - izi ziziteteza ku kuwotchera dzuwa komanso kuwonongeka kwa chinyontho.
Njira yodzigawa imapereka zotsatira zabwino ndi katemera wa masika a chitumbu
Pakatha milungu iwiri, masamba akayamba kuphuka, pobisalira amatha kuchotsedwa. Zitatha kuchotsa filimuyo kapena tepi yamagetsi pokhapokha scionyo itakula ndi 20-25 cm. Mphukira zomwe zikuwoneka pamtunda ziyenera kuchotsedwa kuti mphamvu zonse za mbewu zipite ku chakudya cha scion.
Palinso njira ina yokomera katemera. Pomwe nthambi kapena chitsa cha mtengo chitatengedwa, ndiye kuti mabowo awiri omwe adadulidwa ndi mphero amaikidwira mchotse, ngati woyamba. Ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti chitsa ndi makungwa ndizokhuthala kuposa zomanikizidwa, chifukwa chake muyenera kuphatikiza zigawo za cambium. Katemerayo amakutidwa ndi tepi yamagetsi, monga tafotokozera kale, ndipo zigawo zotseguka zimakutidwa ndi var vars. Nthawi zambiri, katemera wotere amathandiza kupulumutsa mtengo wakufa mgulu lakuvulala.
Mukamalumikiza zodula ziwiri kuti zigawike, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza m'mphepete lakunja kwa stock ndi scion
Kodi katemera pa chitumbuwa
Monga kuchuluka kwa maula, maula a cherry ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri yazipatso zamiyala. Zambiri zodulidwa kumtengowo zimaphuka bwino, ndipo kenako zimabala zipatso zotsekemera. Nthawi zambiri chapakati Russia, plums, yamatcheri, yamatcheri ndi ma apricots amabzalira pa maula a chitumbuwa. Kumagawo akum'mwera, pichesi ndi timadzi tokoma timawonjezeredwa pa zokolola zonsezi, ngakhale kuti pichesi ndi amondi zimakhala zabwino kwambiri, koma chitumbuwa ndi njira yabwino.
Apurikoti atalumikizidwa pa chitumbuwa cholimbitsa kumakulitsa kupirira ndikuwongolera zipatso
Katemera wa chitumbuwa cha plamu azikulitsa kupirira ndi chisanu kukokana ndi ma cherries, ma plamu ndi ma apricots, koma pansi pa katemera kumakula pa chitumbuwa cha plum - ndiye mwina choyipa chokha. Apurikoti, ngakhale chitsa chomwe chimasankhidwa, chimazika mizu yoyipa kuposa mbewu zina, motero, nkofunika kutemera chimbudzi chotere makamaka mosamala komanso molondola.
Kanema: Katemera wa plum pa chitumbuwa
Kwa nthawi yayitali zinkawoneka ngati kuti ndikabzala mitengo ndi omwe alimi odziwa zambiri ndipo sindingathe kuchita nawo ntchito yotere. Chifukwa chake sindinayese kuchita. Koma zidachitika kuti pakati pa mitengo ingapo ya maapulo yomwe idabzalidwa m'munda mwanga, m'modzi yekhayo adapulumuka, ndipo wopanda pake kwambiri - mitundu yozizira ndi zipatso zake zinali, wina sanganene. Ndipo apa, ngati mukufuna, simukufuna, koma muyenera kuphunzira katemera - mtengowo ndi wabwino, wamphamvu, ndipo umatenga malo okwanira. Nditawerenga mabuku okhudza njira zosiyanasiyana, ndidadzisankhira chomwe ndichopepuka - katemera mu mzere. Poyamba, ndidaganiza zokomera nthambi za mphesa - ndizosiyidwa nditadulira. Poyamba, sizinali zotheka ngakhale kudula oblique. Chachikulu apa ndi mpeni, yabwino komanso lakuthwa kwambiri. Ndipamene ndinapeza chida choyenera, zinthu zimayenda mosangalatsa. Ndidabzala mitundu itatu yosiyanasiyana pa mtengo uwu wa apulo ndipo aliyense adazika mizu. Sindinagule zidutswa za dzinja, koma ndinazitenga kumapeto kwa nthawi yoyandikana ndi anzanga ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndinazitemera. Zidapezeka - zonse ndizotheka. Chabisika chimodzi chomwe alimi omwe akudziwa bwino adandiuza ndichakuti musakhudze chitsa ndi zida za manja. Katemera ndi opareshoni, kotero samatha kuchita mkati mwa njirayi. Pambuyo pake, ndinayesa maula ndi maula a chitumbuwa - katemera ambiri adayamba kale, ngakhale kuti sanatayike. Tsopano, dzanja langa litadzaza kale, apurikoti akutembenukiranso - ndiyesera kubzala Ussuri ndipo ndinamverera kwamatcheri paula. Ndikuganiza kuti zonse zitha.
Katemera ndi ntchito yovuta koma yosangalatsa kwa wokonza dimba. Mwinanso sikuti zonse zidzayenda bwino nthawi yoyamba, koma maluso amabwera ndi odziwa komanso chidziwitso. Chachikulu ndikuyambira ndipo musawope kuyesa. Polephera - kuyesanso, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana komanso kamodzi, ma apricots omwe akukula pa maula a chitumbuwa, kapena ma cherries okoma pa maula, mudzamva ngati wokonza dimba watsopano.
