Momwe mungamere phokoso mu dera la Leningrad: malangizo ochokera kwa agronomists odziwa bwino ntchito

Leningrad Oblast ndilo kumpoto komwe kumapezeka zipatso zamwala.

Ziyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo kuti kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, mutha kutenga mitundu yapadera yomwe mukufuna makamaka kumpoto.

Nkhaniyi ikukuuzani za mitundu yambiri ya plums yomwe ili yoyenera kulima m'madera akummwera chakumadzulo, komanso maonekedwe a mtengo.

Mitundu yabwino kwambiri m'dera la Leningrad

Kwa dera la kumpoto cha kumadzulo, kuphatikizapo dera la Leningrad, linasinthidwa chotero mitundu ya plums:

1. "Alenushka". Kalasi yoyamba yofiira samobeplodny. Ndi mtengo wokwera-kukula, kukula mamita 2-2.5. Zipatso ndi zazikulu (30-35 g), zozungulira, zakuda mdima wofiira, fupa limasokoneza bwino. Zowonongeka - mitundu ya Chitchainizi ndi ma chitumbuwa. Kufooka kwa zosiyanasiyana - masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono zimakhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.

2. "Red Ball". Tsamba lachisoso loyamba. Fruiting imayamba mkati mwa zaka 2-3 mutabzala. Mtengowo ndi wautali, pafupifupi mamita awiri. Zipatso ndizozungulira, zazikulu (pafupifupi 40 g), zofiira ndi mtundu wa bluish pachimake. Mwala umasiyanitsa molimba. Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi zabwino nyengo yozizira hardiness ndi chitetezo chokwanira asthenopiasis.

3. "Renklod gulu lolima". Mapeto apakati mawonekedwe osadzichepetsa. Zipatso zimakhala zosakanikirana, pafupifupi 25 g, chikasu-chobiriwira, mu chipatso chokhwima mafupa amalekanitsa bwino. Mtengowo ndi wautali wandiweyani. Kusagwedeza, kusagonjetsa, kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
4. "Skoroplodna". Kutseka koyamba samobesplodnaya maula. Mtengo uli wotsika. Zipatso - zozungulira, zonunkhira, zosakanikirana (20-25 g), ndi khungu lofiira. Kusakaniza kwa frost ndi zokolola zabwino, kukana matenda ndi kochepa.

5. "Tula wakuda". Mapeto apakati mawonekedwe osadzichepetsa. Mtengo uli wotsika. Zipatso - sing'anga (23-25 ​​g), chowulungika, ndi mdima wandiweyani, pafupifupi khungu lakuda. Mwala umachoka kutali ndi zamkati. Kutentha kwa mphepo ndi zokolola zambiri.

Mukudziwa? Mwinamwake, wotsogolera nyama zakutchire (Prunus domestica) anawuka chifukwa cha maluwa a chitumbuwa ndi minga.

Kumene mungabzalidwe pa webusaitiyi

Mitundu yonse ya kumpoto ya plums imalimidwa bwino pamwamba pamtunda, ndipo imakonda kudula nthaka. Pankhani imeneyi, ndibwino kusankha malo otentha, otentha kwambiri ndi dzuwa, otetezedwa ku mphepo yamkuntho, ndi malo osungirako madzi osachepera 2 mamita.

Ndikofunikira! Simungakhoze kulima maula m'madera otsika, kumene madzi amasonkhana, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira mumakhala chisanu chochuluka.

Mtengo wa nthaka umakhala wofunikira kwambiri: ndi bwino kusankha malo odzala ndi kuunika, ndi mchenga kapena mchenga.

Momwe mungasankhire mbande zabwino mukamagula

Kusankhidwa kwa mbande ndi nthawi yofunika kwambiri yomwe zimadalira momwe mtengo udzakhalire mizu komanso ngati udzabala chipatso.

Choncho ndikofunika kulingalira malamulo awa:

• Mbeu iyenera kukhala ndi 3-5 mizu. Chimake chiyenera kukhala masentimita 25 m'litali;
• Zomwe zimabzala zikhoza kumtengedwera ndikuzika mizu yawo. Njira yotsirizayi ndi yabwino, chifukwa mphukira zoterezi zimatha kubwezeretsedwa ngati nthawi ya chisanu;
• mitundu ndi yokhazikika komanso yobala zipatso. Potsiriza kutenga zokololazo zidzafuna oyandikana nawo abwino;
• Ndi bwino kugula zokolola muzipinda zapadera. Ndikofunika kwambiri kugula mbande pamsika;
• bwino kugula mitengo ali ndi zaka 2-3;
• Mizu iyenera kukhala yopanda nkhungu, yolemba ndi kuwonongeka;
• mbiya sayenera kukhala yokhota. Smooth shtamb - chizindikiro cha mmera wathanzi;
• kutumphuka kuyenera kukhala kosatha, popanda chisanu, kutentha ndi kuwonongeka kwina.

Mukudziwa? Mfumukazi Elizabeti akuyambitsa kadzutsa ndi ma plums awiri.

Mmene mungabzala

Mphungu siyinayesedwe kuti ndi yopanda phindu, koma malamulo ena obzala amakhalapo.

Nthawi

Ambiri amaluwa amatsutsa kuti mungathe kubzala maula mu kugwa ndi kumapeto kwa nyengo. Koma, poona kuti plums ndi chomera chokonda kutentha, nthawi yabwino yolima ndikumayambiriro kwa masika, isanayambe maluwa, 3-5 masiku atatha.

Ngati mukufuna kudzala sapling mu kugwa, ziyenera kuchitidwa osachepera 1.5-2 miyezi isanafike chisanu.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Malo odzala plums ayenera kukonzekera pasanathe milungu ingapo. Choyamba, nthaka yomwe ili mkati mwa mamita 2 kuchokera kumalo otsetsereka otsetsereka ikuyang'anitsitsa mosamala, kuchotsedwa namsongole, umuna. Kenaka, kukumba dzenje, nthaka yosungunuka imasakanizidwa ndi humus, nkhuni phulusa ndi kutsanulira pansi.

Ndikofunikira! Sizingatheke kutsanulira feteleza molunjika kuti dzithandize kukula kwa nthambi - zikhoza kutentha mizu, zomwe zidzatsogolera ku imfa ya mbeu.

Njira yolowera mofulumira

Phokoso liyenera kukhala pafupi 50-60 cm masentimita ndi 80-90 cm m'lifupi.

Malinga ndi zosankhidwa zosiyanasiyana, mtunda wa pakati pa mitengo ya mtsogolo idzakhala yosiyana. Kwapadera, kufalitsa korona, mtunda wa mamita 3 ndilofunika, ndipo mitengo yokhala ndi korona yaying'ono, 1.5 mamita yokwanira. Ngati mitengo iikidwa m'mitsinje ingapo, ndiye kuti mtunda wa pakati pa mizere iyenera kukhala mamita 4-4.5. Pitani kukabzala kwa zaka 2-3. Nthawi yomweyo, chithandizo cha garter chimayendetsedwa mmenemo, makamaka kuchokera kumpoto kwa mtengo wamtsogolo, ndipo mtunda wochokera pamtengo kupita kumera uyenera kukhala masentimita 15.

Kupaka kwapamwamba kumaphatikizidwa ku dzenje (mineral kapena humus). Kusakaniza kwa mchere kumasakanizika ndi nthaka ndikuchoka kwa kanthawi, kuti nthaka ithetse.

Mukudziwa? Ku England, plums ndimasangalatsa kwambiri moti amawatcha maofesi osiyanasiyana. Ndipo bwalo lokonda kwambiri la W. Churchill linali "Yellow Plum" - "Yellow Plum".

Asanadzalemo pansi pa dzenje, amatsanulira dziko lapansi pa phiri, amaika mmera ndipo amawongolera mizu. Kenako amadzazidwa ndi nthaka. Panthawiyi, mmerawo umagwedezeka pang'ono kuti asapangidwe malo opanda kanthu, ndipo nthaka imagawidwa mofanana. Kupalasa kuwala kukuvomerezeka.

Video: chitsanzo chodzala plum sapling pa phiri

Sipeni sayenera kuwonjezeka - khosi liyenera kukhala 3-4 masentimita apamwamba kuposa nthaka. Nthaka ikaikidwa, mtengowo umadzipezera pamtunda ndi nthaka.

Mtengo utabzalidwa kale, tsinde lamangirizidwa ku chithandizo. Izi ziyenera kuchitika motere kuti garter sangavulaze khungwa la maulamuliro pambuyo pake: ndi bwino kusankha zipangizo zofewa (chingwe cha hemp, zotupa zotsekeka, etc.).

Kumapeto kwa kubzala, mmera umathiriridwa, ndipo malo oyandikana nawo amakhala odzaza ndi utuchi kapena peat.

Phunzirani zambiri za njira ya agronomic "nthaka mulching".

Momwe mungasamalire

Mukamapereka chidwi kwambiri pamtengowu, ndipo pamene mukuyenera kuyang'anira bwino, kukhetsa kwake kumakhala bwino ndikukuthokozani chifukwa chokolola mowolowa manja.

Kuthirira

Ngakhale maulawo sakonda chinyezi chambiri, ndizo zomera zomwe zimakonda chinyezi. Kuyanika ndi koopsa kwa mtengo uwu kuposa chisanu. M'nyengo yotentha, mtengo umathiriridwa masiku asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu (5-7) pa mlingo wa ndowa 4 za madzi kwa achinyamata ndi ndowa 6 za mtengo wokhwima.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati zipatso zikutha, ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kusowa kwa chinyezi, ndipo ngati nsonga ikufa ndipo masamba akutembenukira chikasu, izi ndizochulukirapo.

Kudyetsa

Nthaŵi yomweyo imayesetsa kuti asakhalepo paziwalo zofunikira: pamene pali nitrogen yochepa, nsonga za masamba zimakhala zachikasu, ngati phosphorous imasowa, imakhala imvi, ndipo pakakhala potaziyamu, imatulutsa bulauni. Pa nthawi yomweyi, nthaka ikadzaza ndi nayitrogeni, mphukira imasiya kukula, osakhala ndi nthawi yokhwima ndi yofiira pang'ono.

Ndicho chifukwa chake zakudya zimayambira pazigawo:

1. Pamene tikufika. Mu dzenje iwo amatsanulira dziko lophatikiza ndi 15 makilogalamu a humus kapena manyowa, 0,5 makilogalamu a superphosphate, 100 g ya potaziyamu kloride (1 makilogalamu a phulusa la nkhuni angalowe m'malo).
2. M'chaka choyamba cha feteleza okwanira pakubzala. Zaka zitatu zotsatira m'chaka ndi feteleza ndi urea (20 g pa 1 sq mita).
3. Mtengo utalowa mu gawo la fruiting, umakhala umuna chaka ndi chaka ndi chisakanizo (makilogalamu 1 a mchenga): 10 kg wa manyowa (kompositi), 25 g wa urea, 30 g wa superphosphate, 0,2 makilogalamu a phulusa.
4. Panthawi yonse ya fruiting, feteleza zopangidwa ndi feteleza zimachulukitsidwa, ndipo feteleza amchere amasiyidwa m'magawo omwewo. M'chaka, amapanga urea, manyowa kapena humus, komanso kugwa kwa phosphate ndi potashi.

Pambuyo pa umuna, amakumba pansi mpaka masentimita 15. Pafupi ndi thunthu, kuya kwake kwafupika kuti asawononge mizu.

Mukudziwa? Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri ndi nyumba yopuma. Masiku ano zimatengera 90% mwa zomera zonse.

Kusamalira dothi

M'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira m'chilimwe tidzatha kumenyana ndi namsongole, nthawi zonse tamasula pansi pamtengo pang'onopang'ono ndikumathira humus kapena peat (ndi chidebe pamtengo). Ambiri mwa udzu wa udzu mulch nthaka ndi utuchi (wosanjikiza - 10-15 masentimita) mkatikatikati mwa 1-1,2 m.

Mtengo ukakula (zaka zoposa 2), thunthu la mtengo lingaperekedwe ndi herbicides. Asanayambe kukonza, chotsani mizu kukula. Herbicides amathandiza kuti mphepo yowuma isayambe ndi kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawa sagwera pa thunthu ndi masamba.

Awerengenso za mitundu ya herbicides kuteteza zomera namsongole.

Kudulira nthambi ndi mphukira

Kupatulira koyamba kwa plums kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika. Komanso, ngati mulibe nthawi yochepetsera nthawi yodulidwa, ndibwino kuti muchite izi masika. Chithunzi cha mapangidwe a korona pamtengo Poyamba, nthambi 5-6 za mafupa zimachoka, ndipo zimasungidwa.

Werengani malamulo onse odulira mitengo mu kasupe.

M'zaka zotsatira, maula amangofunika okha kudulira mwaukhondo:

• kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zapakati ndi kukula mkati mwa nthambi;
• kudula zowonongeka ndi mazira.

Mtengo ukafika msinkhu wa fruiting, umadulidwa kuti ukhale ndi mphamvu za kukula kwa nthambi. Kudulira mabala obala Zipatso Zowonjezereka, mu kasupe komanso nthawi zambiri m'nyengo ya chilimwe, mphukira imachotsedwa mkati mwa mamita 3, chifukwa, ngati ikulongosoledwa kwambiri, maulawo amachititsa zovuta zambiri. Komabe, ana amathetsa chomera cha mayi ndikuwonetsa zokolola zake. Mphukira imachotsedwa mwa kukumba pamwamba pa malo omwe mwanayo amachokera muzu, ndikungowang'amba.

Werengani ponena za kubereka kwa plum cuttings: kukolola, rooting, kubzala ndi kusamalira.

Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira

Mitengo yaing'ono imakonzekera bwino nyengo yozizira. Pochita izi, mu kugwa, malo ozungulira amakhala ndi udzu, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira nthawi zambiri amayera chisanu pafupi ndi chipale chofewa ndikuchigwedeza pamagulu, ndikuyesera kuti asawavulaze.

Ndikofunikira! Kumalo a kukula kwa maula sayenera kusonkhanitsa zoposa 50-60 masentimita a chisanu.

Ndi malo osankhidwa bwino komanso oyang'aniridwa bwino, m'zaka zingapo mtengo udzasangalala ndi zokolola zazikulu. Ndipo mudzatha kudya zipatso zokoma komanso zathanzi m'chilimwe komanso m'nyengo yozizira, kukondwera ndi kupanikizana kwa plums.