Irises, monga mibadwo ina yonse yosatha, amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera m'dzinja ndi pambuyo maluwa. Ndipo ngakhale zokhudzana ndi zomerazi sizinali zovuta kwambiri, koma iris amafuna njira yapadera. Ngati mukutsatira malamulo ochepa othawa pakatha mapeto a maluwa, mavuto ambiri angapewe ndipo mungathe kupereka bedi lanu la maluwa ndikukula kwambiri mu nyengo yotsatira ya chilimwe. Taonani malamulo awa m'nkhani yathu.
Kodi ndiyenera kusamalira irises pambuyo maluwa?
Irises ndi mbewu zosatha, ndipo maluwa awo chaka chamawa akugwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe mumasamalirira mutatha pachimake.
Njira zazikuluzikulu ndi maluwa zikuphatikizapo:
- kudulira, zomwe zimachitika panthawi yonse ya maluwa, makamaka makamaka kumapeto kwa nthawi ino;
- Mitengo ya feteleza ndikusamalira nthaka yomwe ikukula;
- kusunga digiri yofunikira ya nthaka chinyezi;
- chithandizo chovomerezeka cha tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana;
- Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira mwa mawonekedwe a mulching ndi kutsekemera.
Dziwani zinsinsi zobzala ndi kusamalira irises, komanso njira zothetsera matenda a maluwa awa.
Malo ofunikira amakhala ndi kudulira mvula yamphongo, yomwe imakhala ikudula maluwa nthawi ya maluwa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatambasulidwa kuyambira mwezi wa May mpaka kumayambiriro kwa August chifukwa chakuti maluwa samasamba panthawi yomweyo.
Ndikofunikira! Mphukira ikatha, cholumikizira chimayambira mkati mwake. Ngati pakadali pano sichidulidwa, kubzala kwa mbeu kumachepetsa kwambiri maluwa ena onse, popeza kuti zakudya zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kusasitsa kwa ovule, ndipo izi zikhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi mbewu yosafunika yomwe ili m'munda.Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayenera kuyendetsa zitsulo kumapeto kwa nyengo:
- mtundu wa iris mwa kudzifesa. Ngati simukudula masambawa ndi maluwa, mbewu za irises zidzatha kufalikira m'munda ndipo zidzakula m'malo osadziwika ndi osayenera;
- nthawi yamaluwa imachepetsedwa, zatsopano zimatseguka osati zowonjezereka kwambiri moti sizikuthandizira kukhala ndi maonekedwe abwino a flowerbed
- Mphuno zowola zimatha kuvunda ndikuyambitsa matenda;
- Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa August, iris idafota, choncho, ngati simukuchotsa masamba ndi chikasu, masamba ang'onoang'ono akhoza kuchulukana m'magawowa.
Malamulo oyambirira a chisamaliro
Chithandizo chachikulu cha irises pambuyo maluwa ndi kupereka mizu yawo ndi chinyezi ndi zofunika zakudya, kuteteza motsutsana tizirombo ndi kusamalira gawo lapansi, zomwe ayenera kuchotsedwa pa nthawi ndi bwino.
Kudulira
Kudulira masamba a chomera ayenera kuchitika nthawi yonse ya maluwa ngati maluwa amodzi amafota. Zimalangizidwa kamodzi kamodzi masabata angapo kuti ayang'ane mabedi awo ndipo nthawi yomweyo achotseni maluwa wilted. Njira zoterezi zimapangitsa kasatiks kuti asamalidwe bwino ndikukhalitsa maluwa. 
Kudulira maluwa kumakhala motere:
- Gwiritsani ntchito lumo lakuthwa kapena pruners, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zoyera;
- kwathunthu kudula Mphukira. Ndikofunika kuti muchotse osati zowonongeka chabe, zamphongo zouluka, komanso zolembera zobiriwira pansi pawo. Chofunika kwambiri cha ndondomekoyi ndizomwe zimachotsedwamo ndi ovule, momwe mbewu zimaberekera;
- Nthawi zambiri, popanda mitsempha kapena mkasi, mungathe kungotsinja maluwa mokoma ndi zala zanu. Onetsetsani kuti manja anu ali oyera.
Kudulira kotsiriza kwa irises kumachitika kumapeto kwa dzinja, pamene ukufalikira kwa maluwa atsopano sikuyembekezeranso. Pachifukwa ichi, zimayambira pomwe maluwa anali atachotsedwa. Ndipo kudula zimayambira kumafunika kukhala otsipa - pafupifupi masentimita 2-3 pamwamba pa rhizome. Ndi bwino kupanga njirayi ndi mitsempha kapena mkasi wambiri, popeza zimayambira irises zimakhala zonunkhira komanso zokhazikika. Kuchotseratu kwathunthu kwa zimayambira ndi kofunika chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Pofuna kutaya zinyalala, mapesi a irises angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mawonekedwe a kompositi. 
Pambuyo pa masamba ndi zimayambira zamasulidwa kwathunthu, masamba a nyundo zakupha akhoza kusiya kuti ayime mpaka atayamba kutembenuka. Kaŵirikaŵiri izi zimachitika ndi theka la mwezi wa October, pamene zidulidwa. Chitani ichi, nayenso, ndi lumo kapena pruners. Ma masamba ena amadulidwa patali pafupifupi masentimita 13 mpaka 14 kuchokera pansi, kuwapanga mawonekedwe a mbee.
Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake mlimi akufunikira secator ndi momwe angasankhire molondola.
Njira iyi yochepetsera masamba sikutanthauza kuchotsa mbali zowonongeka komanso zachikasu, kupewa kuola ndi kufalitsa tizirombo, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti kusonkhanitsa ndi kutumiza mphamvu ku mizu ya mbewu kuti nyengo yozizira ikhale yopambana, zomwe sizingatheke ngati mutachotsa zonsezi. 
Dulani mbali za masamba akulimbikitsidwa kuti awotche, ndipo makamaka kutali ndi malo awo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti tizilombo tambiri timayika mazira pa masamba. Ngati sizitenthedwa, n'zotheka kuti tizilombo tifalikira mu dacha yanu yonse, ndipo masamba otsalirawo adzayambitsa matenda.
Video: Momwe mungakonzere bwino masamba a irises
Mukudziwa? Kudulira maluwa kumatha kubwezeretsanso mitundu ina ya ziphuphu zakupha. Nthawi yoyamba iwo amasamba masika, ndipo yachiwiri - mu kugwa. Mitengo imeneyi imaphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, mitundu monga "Imfa" (Imfa), Jennifer Rebecca (Jennifer Rebecca), "Buckwit" (Buckwheat) ndi ena ena.
Kusamalira nthaka ndi kuvala
Pambuyo pomaliza maluwa mu irises akuyamba nthawi pamene iwo kudziunjikira zakudya m'maŵa wa chisanu. Mwachidziwikire, kufunikira kwa chakudya chowonjezera n'kofunika kwambiri panthawiyi.
Nthaka kuzungulira zomera ziyenera kumasulidwa pafupifupi masentimita awiri mkati ndi kutsukidwa namsongole. Ndikofunika kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito njirazi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo: mizu yosasinthika ili pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka ndipo ingathe kuwonongeka mosavuta ndi zipangizo zilizonse za m'munda.
Kutsegula ndi kuyeretsa dothi kungathe kuchitidwa pamaso pa feteleza. Onetsetsani kuti panthawiyi nthaka yowonjezera yowuma kale. 
Pofuna kudyetsa zida zakupha, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza potassium-phosphate, zomwe zigawo zonsezi ziyenera kukhala mu chiwerengero cha 1 mpaka 1. Mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku chitsamba chilichonse mu volume lofanana ndi supuni imodzi (15 gm).
Ndikofunikira! Chonde onani kuti kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza (monga manyowa) kwa irises feteleza sikuvomerezeka, chifukwa zingathe kuwononga chiwonongeko ndi tizirombo.Pamwamba kudyetsa kasatiki ziyenera kuchitidwa patangotha masabata awiri kutha kwa maluwa. Koposa zonse, ngati kusiyana kuli pafupi mwezi. Koma chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti feteleza ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pasanathe milungu iwiri isanakwane chisanu.
Kuchiza ndi matenda
Irises nthawi zambiri amatengeka ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, omwe amawopsya ndi zomera, bowa, matenda, mavairasi, majeremusi. Choncho, mapeto a nyengo ya maluwa, kupewa ndi chithandizo cha nyulu zakupha ziyenera kuchitika, chifukwa nthawi zonse izi sizingatheke.
Nthawi zambiri, kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda monga mabakiteriya ndi zovunda zowonongeka ndi kumangoyamba kumene kwa feteleza phosphorous feteleza komanso nthaka imamasula. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chinyezi chochuluka kwambiri cha nthaka kapena ali ndi mkulu wa nayitrogeni. Choncho, kutsekedwa kwa pamwamba kuvala pambuyo kudulira kwa faded irises ndizochiza ndi kupewa.
Njira iliyonse yothana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imayendetsedwa panthawiyi. 
Pali njira zotsatirazi zokhudzana ndi matenda akuluakulu a irises:
- pamene zimakhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, zomera zimapulitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- ngati matendawa, Alternaria ndi Ascochitis (matenda opatsirana ndi fungal) amathiridwa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza kapena zifaniziro zake;
- ndi mabakiteriya ofewa ndi imvi zowola m'chigwa, amatsuka mosamala malo onse owonongeka, kudula ndi kusonkhanitsa zomera zonse zomwe zimakhudzidwa, zomwe zimatenthedwa kunja kwa munda kuti zisawathandize kufalitsa matenda.
Kuthirira ndi kusunga chinyezi
M'dzinja nthawi irises safuna mkulu chinyezi. M'malo mwake, kuchepa kwa chinyezi kumapangitsa mizu kuvunda ndi kukula kwa matenda ambiri. Choncho, pambuyo mapeto a maluwa, kuthirira ndi kwambiri yafupika. Ngati m'dzinja lidzagwa mvula, ndiye kuti kuthirira mbewu sizingatheke konse.
Zimakhulupirira kuti kumapeto kwa nyengo yofalikira, iris idzapindula ndi kuyanika kwa nthawi yochepa kwa nthaka.
Pogona m'nyengo yozizira
Pali mitundu ya irises yosagwira chisanu (mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa Siberia kapena wa Japan). Sikofunika kuti muzitha kuphimba zitsulo zakuphazi, chifukwa zimapereka kutentha kwabwino ndipo zimatha kungokhala ndi rhizome. Nthawi yokha yomwe muyenera kuisungira mwathunthu ngati akubzalidwa kapena kubzalidwa chaka chino. Pakati pa moyo wonse wa maluwa, kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira sikufunika kwa iwo, ngakhale akukula kumpoto.
Phunzirani za zochitika za kukula bearded ndi irises Siberia.
Mitundu yonse ya irises iyenera kuti ikhale yotsekedwa nthawi yozizira. Njirayi ikuchitika kumapeto kwa autumn isanafike chisanu. Mtengo wa mulch ukhoza kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 20. Kuphatikiza zipangizo zoyenera monga:
- peat;
- lapnik;
- sawdust;
- masamba owuma.
Ndikofunikira! Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mulch ayenera kumangiriridwa kuzungulira rhizome, chinyezi chosasunthika chingayambitse kuvunda kwa mizu.Ndikofunika kuti iris ikhale yochuluka pa nthawi. Ngati muthamangira kugwa ndi kuwaphimba musanayambike chisanu, ndiye kuti mizu ikhoza kugonjetsa. Mofananamo, kuthamanga sikukuyenera kumapeto kwa nyengo: ngati nyengo isanayambe kuima, ndipo usiku ukadali ndi chisanu, simungathamangitse kuchotsa mulch - zidzangokweza zokhazokha ndi mafoloko kuti zomera zikhale mpweya wokwanira.
Kuthamanga kwa dothi kumapangitsa kuti kulima kwa zomera bwino.
Kuika Iris
Iris amafunika kuikanso kotero kuti ndi okongola komanso obiriwira. Ndipo izi ndizo ndondomeko zomwe zimachitika mutatha kumaliza maluwa. Kuonjezera apo, kubereka mbeu kumathandiza kuti zomera zatsopano ziphuphuke pachaka.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kumamatira tsiku lenileni pamene mukulinganiza, mwinamwake simungakhoze kuyembekezera maluwa chaka chamawa. Nthawi yabwino yokwata roach ndi masiku 14 mutatha maluwa.
Pezani choti muchite ngati irises samasamba.VIDEO: CULTIVATION NDI KUTHANDIZA KWA IRISES
Nthawiyi ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi kuti zomera zakhala zikuyamba kusungira zakudya zam'madzi kuti zifike m'nyengo yozizira, ma rhizomes awo amakula kwambiri, zowonjezera zatsopano zayamba kuonekera pa iwo, koma maluwawo sanayambe kuikidwapo. Kenaka ndibwino kuti ndikasendeze irises.
Kusankha ndi kukonzekera kwazomera
Kudzala mphukira zoyenera za chaka chimodzi. Ndipo ayenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita atatu wamtali ndi pafupifupi 1 cm kapena 2 masentimita awiri.
Pofuna kutulutsa chigwirizano chatsopano, chitsamba chiyenera kuchotsedwa pansi, pang'onopang'ono kugwedeza ndikuyang'ana khungu. Icho chimapangidwa ndi maulumikizano aumwini, omwe ali ogwirizana ndi jumpers. Mgwirizano aliyense payekha amakhala ndi mizu yake ndi masamba ake. 
Chitsamba ndi mizu zimasiyanitsidwa, ndipo magawo onse ayenera kukhala ndi mayunitsi 1 kapena atatu. Pa gawo lirilonse loterolo, payenera kukhala phokoso lokula kapena masamba.
Pambuyo pogawaniza chomera chilichonse, nkofunika kuyang'anitsitsa ndikuchotseratu kuwonongeka kulikonse, ngati kulipo. Chotsani zowonongeka kapena zowola mizu, masamba owuma. Pa nthawi yomweyi, masamba ayenera kudulidwa mu magawo awiri, ndipo ma rhizomes ayenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala 1/3 gawo. 
Onse cuttings amachitika ndi lakuthwa munda zipangizo (lumo, pruner, mpeni). Chidachi chiyenera kukhala choyera, chikhoza kuyidwanso.
Malo pruning decontaminated. Pochita izi, magawo a 15-30 mphindi amalowetsedwa mu njira yowonjezera potassium permanganate, kenaka amauma. Pambuyo pake, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zingathe kusinthidwa ndi mafuta a makala. 
Mukudziwa? Limodzi la mayina odziŵika bwino a iris - "Kuunika". Dzina limeneli linali lophiphiritsira m'chilankhulo cha Asi Slavs, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti maluŵawa amamera m'malo omwe mzere wa mphezi ya mulungu wa bingu Perun unagwa.
Mavuto akukula
Malo a kukula kwa irises ndi abwino kusankha kumadera otsegukira dzuwa. Ndi dzuwa lokwanira, irises imakula bwino ndipo imafalikira mochuluka.
Ndifunikanso kuti bedi likhale pa phiri linalake. Izi ndizofunika kuti madzi asungunuke asamasefukire mu rhizomes m'chaka, mwina ayi.
Mitengo iyi sichimakonda mphepo ndi mazenera, choncho yesetsani kusankha malo omwe amatetezedwa kuti asawomba.
Koma nthaka irises siilimbikitsa kwambiri, ngakhale kuti imamva bwino pamtunda wosaloŵerera ndi loamy.
Kuwaza maluwa amenewa n'kofunika ndipo kuyenera kuchitidwa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Ngati zomera sizinayambike, mizu yawo imakakamizika kuchoka pansi, kuchititsa maluwa. 
Kulowera
Musanayambe kusuntha kasatik muyenera kukonzekera kuti asamuke. Pachifukwachi, amachimba, amasula chapamwamba ndikuchikulitsa pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza phosphorous. Komanso, bedi la maluwa likhoza kuchepa pang'ono pafupifupi masentimita 15.
Best irises zonse zimakula pafupi peonies ndi maluwa.
Malo opangira mbande ayenera kukhala pamtunda wa mamita 30 mpaka 50 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Kukonzekera kwina kuli motere:
- Amakumba dzenje pamtunda wa mamita masentimita awiri, ndipo pakati zimakhala ndi kukwera pang'ono, ndipo chimadutsa pamtunda;
- mphukira yomwe inali pansi pa dzenje kuti rhizomes zizitsuka ndi nthaka, ndipo masamba anali ofanana;
- mmera umamizidwa kumtunda bwino, ndipo mizu imayikidwa kuzungulira phokoso;
- chomeracho chiyenera kuponyedwa pansi pang'ono, chodzazidwa ndi dothi komanso mopepuka kuti chiteteze;
- anabzala chomera nthawi yomweyo madzi. Kubwezeretsa kumachitika patatha masiku atatu kapena asanu mutabzala.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lachirasha "Iris" linabwera ku Russia kokha pakati pa zaka za XIX. Mpaka apo, maluwa amenewa ankatchedwa ziferezi zokha chifukwa cha masamba a scythe. Ku Ukraine, panthawiyo, chomera ichi chinkadziwika kuti "cockerel".Mitundu irises yatsopano idzakula kukula osati masabata awiri mutabzala, pamene mizu yawo yambiri imakula. Nthawi yotsala isanafike nyengo yozizira ndi yokwanira kuti anyamata achichepere azizika mizu bwino, adzilimbikitse okha ndi kupeza mphamvu isanafike nyengo yozizira.
Malangizo othandizira kutumizidwa kwa irises kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti
Momwe mungapezere mbewu za iris pambuyo pa maluwa
Kufalikira kwa irises ndi mbewu nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati akufuna kubweretsa zosiyanasiyana. Zomera zimabzalidwa kuchokera ku mbande zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu mutabzala, komanso, sizingakhale ngati chitsamba cha makolo.
Pofuna kusonkhanitsa mbeu, ndikwanira kusiya osachepera limodzi kapena awiri osadulidwa atatha maluwa. Pambuyo patsiku kugwa, mu masabata 2-3 bokosi limapangidwa, wodzaza ndi zazikulu ndi zosalala mbewu, zomwe zimafunika zina 2-3 miyezi kuti zipse.
Nthawi yakucha ikadzatha, bokosilo lidzangowonongeka, ndipo mbewu zidzagwa. Pofuna kupeŵa kufalitsa mbeu ndi kusamera bwino, bokosi likhoza kukhala lopangidwa ndi tulle yaing'ono, yomangirizidwa mosamala pansi. Magaziniyi sichisungira chinyezi, sichivunda, ndipo imalira mofulumira kwambiri, kotero siidzavulaza irises, ndipo mbewu zonse zidzatsalira mu thumba, ndipo zikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa mosavuta. 
Семена ирисов После того как семена дозрели и были собраны, цветоносы отсекаются примерно на уровне листьев.
Несмотря на то, что ирисы считаются довольно неприхотливыми растениями, они всё же требуют определённой пунктуальности в уходе за ними. Ndikofunika kwambiri kutsatira ndondomeko yeniyeni pa kudulira, kubzala feteleza, kuziika ndi kukulitsa maluwa awa. Osati m'nthaŵi ya zochitika zowonedwa kuti aziwasamalira zingakhale ndi zotsatira zoopsa kwa ziphuphu zakupha.
