Kulima chimanga ndizodziwika kwambiri kumadera akumwera, chomwe chinali chifukwa chabodza choti sichimera kulikonse, koma izi sizili choncho.
Mwachilengedwe, m'malo otentha kumakhala kosavuta kuthana ndi nkhaniyi, koma m'malo ovuta kwambiri, mutha kulima masamba a shuga omwe ana amawakonda kwambiri, kusiyana kosamalidwa sikokulira.
Mitundu yotchuka ya chimanga
Gawo loyamba pakukonzekera kubzala liyenera kukhala kusankha mitundu yoyenera. Pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana yogulitsa, komabe, kutali ndi onse ndioyenera dera linalake. Pakati pa mndandanda waukulu pali zosankha zapadziko lonse, zotsimikiziridwa.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti chifupifupi chilimwe m'derali komwe kubzala chikuyenera, posachedwa mitunduyo imayenera kusankhidwa molawirira.
Zosankha zabwino kwambiri zamagulu apakati:
- Dobrynya;
- Icy nectar;
- Mzimu
- Yubile;
- Sundance;
- Gourmet
- Apainiya
Onani mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zimafala kwambiri.
Dobrynya
Oyambirira kucha osapsa, mpaka 170 cm.
Nthaka iliyonse ndiyabwino, kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda.
Gwirisi 121
Kulekerera kwambiri, kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda.
Kukula kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 75. Kutalika mpaka 150 cm.
Apainiya
Idakhala yotchuka chifukwa chokana kukana kutentha pang'ono, zipatso zambiri, zomwe sizimakhudzidwa ndi nyengo.
Madeti amafesa ndikubzala mbande za chimanga m'malo osiyanasiyana
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kusiyana kwakalimidwe kumadera osiyanasiyana ndizochepa. Njirazi zimasiyana munthawi yomwe mbewu zibzalidwe.
Tiyeni tiwunikenso zomwe zikukula m'minda:
- Panjira yodutsa pakati siyoletsedwa pomwepo panja. Panthawi ya nthawi, kubzala kumachitika mozungulira pakati pa Meyi, nthaka idatentheza kale, ndipo zipatsozi sizikuyembekezeka kwa miyezi itatu yotsatira. Mukamasankha mitundu, ndikofunikira kupatsa chidwi ndi omwe amalola kuzizira bwino. Zitha kutsegulidwa ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, pokhapokha pokhapokha pakakhala chifukwa chofunikira kumanga malo osungira mafilimu.
- Kudera lakumwera, kuyambika kumatha kuchitika kale kumapeto kwa Epulo, popeza pofika nthawi imeneyi kutentha kumakhazikika kuyambira +10 ° C. Mukamasankha mitundu, simungathe kudziletsa, aliyense adzazika mizu.
- Siberia ndi Urals for chimanga ndizovuta kwambiri. Kubzala panthaka sikulimbikitsa kwambiri, kulima kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mbande, zomwe zingabzalidwe kokha m'ma June, osati kale.
- Ku Ukraine, mikhalidwe ili yofanana ndendende kum'mwera. Kwa zigawo zokhala ndi ana oponderezedwa, ikhoza kuchitika kumapeto kwa Epulo pomwepo panja. Nyengo kumakhala kotentha komanso kotentha. Amabzalidwa m'nkhalango ya steppe kumapeto kwa Epulo, komanso m'malo a nkhalango mkati mwa Meyi. Kusankha ndi mbande kumamuthandizanso, popeza nyengo ndiyomwe imakhala yolimba kuposa momwe mizere imakhalira.
Kukonzekera kwa chimanga chofesa
Asanadzalemo mbewu, ayenera kukonzekera:
- Choyamba, kusankha mosamala kumapangidwa, muyenera kuyang'ana mbewu zazikulu kwambiri, siziyenera kuwonongeka.
- Chotsatira ndi kuyesa kwa kumera. Zitsanzo zosankhidwa zimayikidwa mu saline 5% pafupifupi mphindi 5. Mbewu zina zimira pansi, ndizoyenera kwambiri.
- Chotsatira ndikumangika. M'pofunika kuteteza motsutsana ndi matenda. Kwa izi, yankho lapadera limatengedwa - mankhwala ophera tizilombo, hydrogen peroxide kapena yofooka yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kupha tizirombo toyambitsa matenda, ndikuthira kaye m'madzi otentha (osaposa +50 ° C), kenaka ozizira. Osapitirira mphindi 20.
Kusankha malo oti mubzale chimanga
Mwambiri, chimanga chingazike mizu pafupifupi dothi lililonse. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti amakonda kwambiri chinyezi. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino ngati dothi lingayigwire bwino. Dothi lolandilidwa ndi loyenera kwambiri kuti mbewu zikulire.
Tsambali liyenera kutenthetsedwa bwino ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, popanda kukonzekera.
Kutembenuka kwa mbewu, olondolera ndi otsatira chimanga
Ndikwabwino kubzala chimanga pomwe masamba osapsa, nkhaka, phwetekere, kabichi, ndi mavwende adakulirako kale.
Pambuyo chimanga, ndibwino kubzala katsabola, basil, sage, zukini, ndi beets.
Kukonzekera dothi
Potsitsa amafunika kukhala okonzekera kugwa. Kumbani dothi lakuya masentimita 30, pomwe mukutulutsa manyowa, peat ndi kompositi momwemo. Kugwiritsira ntchito kumapangidwa pa mlingo wa 8 kg wa feteleza pa 1 sq / m.
Pofuna kuwonjezera chomera kuti chisaume nthawi yayitali, microfertilizer apadera amabweretsedwa m'nthaka. Muli molybdenum ndi zinc.
Kenako, kasupe atatsala pang'ono kubzala, nthaka iyenera kuchitidwa ndi ma herbicides, amafunika kuteteza kuoneka ngati namsongole. Nthaka ikakumbidwanso, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zochokera potaziyamu, kutengera kuwerengetsa 20 g pa 1 sq / m.
Mbande ndi mbande zokulitsa chimanga
Chikhalidwe ichi chimakula pokhapokha mothandizidwa ndi mbewu. Njira imodzi kapena ina ndi yoyenera kumagawo osiyanasiyana.
Kubzala mbande kumafuna kubzala mbewu m'makaseti apadera omwe ali ndi maselo, kapena miphika ya peat. Kudzaza ma kaseti ndi miphika ya kuwaika ndi malo owola.
Kubzala kumachitika pafupifupi kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, koma zisanachitikezi zimafunikira kuti zimere mu zopyapyala kapena pepala pamtunda wotsika kuposa kutentha kwa chipinda.
Mu mphika umodzi wa peat, mpaka njere zinayi zimayikidwa, pomwe zimakhala mu cell mpaka 2. Zimayikidwa m'nthaka ndikuzama kosaposa 3 cm, ndiye kuti nthaka imasungunuka ndi yankho la Fundazole pamlingo wa 4 g pa 10 malita a madzi. Pambuyo pake, miphika ndi makaseti amayikidwa m'malo abwino ndi dzuwa.
Kukula mbande za chimanga
Mbande zimakonda kukula pang'onopang'ono. Ndikulimbikitsidwa pa nthawi yomwe zikamera zikamera kuti zipange zowunikira zowonjezereka. Pazifukwa izi, nyali ya phytolamp kapena fluorescent ndiyabwino.
1 nthawi ndikofunikira kuphatikizira ndi Polyfid (feteleza yemwe amasungunuka kwathunthu m'madzi mulibe sodium ndi chlorine).
Pambuyo pakuwoneka masamba angapo, ingosiyani mmera m'melo, wolimba kwambiri. M'miphika za peat, sinthani kuchuluka kwawo kukhala 2. Kukwezera kwam'deralo kumawonedwa pambuyo pakupanga masamba.
Pakangatsala sabata limodzi musanabzalire panthaka, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa kuphukira, kutulutsa mbande mumtunda panja. Muyenera kuyamba ndi mphindi 10 patsiku.
Kubzala mbande za chimanga panthaka
Kuyambitsidwa kumachitika pamene vuto la chisanu likudutsa. Pafupifupi, zimayamba pakati pa Meyi, nthaka idawuma ndikutentha kokwanira.
Ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti ngati kutentha kumatsikira kufika ku 0, izi zidzayambitsa kuima kwathunthu kuti mbewu zikule, ndipo posachedwa kuti afe.
Tekinoloje yofesa mbewu za chimanga mwachonde
Kubzala mbewu kuyenera kumakonzekera dothi lokonzekera bwino. Iyenera kulemekezedwa ndi feteleza, chithandizo cha namsongole.
Kenako, kuyika chizindikiro kwapadera kumachitika patsamba. Amasankha malo omwe adzafikidwe mtsogolo momwe mabowo adzakumbidwapo. Kutalika pakati pawo kuyenera kukhala osachepera 70 cm, pomwe kuya kwa dzenje kuyenera kukhala osachepera 9 cm. Izi zimachitika kuti mizu ya mbande singagwirizanitsidwe, potero osasokoneza kukula kwathunthu kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Zinthu Zosamalidwa Ndi Chimanga
Chimanga chimafuna chisamaliro mosamala, kutsirira mosalekeza, kudula, kuvala pamwamba komanso kukonza.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati sinyalanyazidwa, zowonongekazo zitha kuchitika osati pachikhalidwe chokha, komanso dothi, zomwe zingayambitse kufooka. Tiona zinthu zofunika kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane.
Kuthirira
Chikhalidwe chimakonda chinyezi, komabe, kuwaza ndi kuthirira sichofunikira. M'dothi lomwe madzi osefukira ndi madzi, mizu yake imayamba kufa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo imere ndikukula. Chinyezi sichiyenera kupitirira 75%. Chomera chimodzi chizikhala ndi madzi osachepera 1.5 malita.
Ngati sizotheka madzi mwadongosolo, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi pafupipafupi.
Njira yosavuta yothetsera nkhaniyi ndi njira yothirira madzi osefukira, imatha kupulumutsa madzi, ndipo madontho nthawi yomweyo amalowa m'mizu yazomera.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kuthira feteleza kumayenera kukhala nthawi zonse mu nthawi ya kukula. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito zonse.
Komabe, ngati zinthu zina, monga manganese, zikusowa m'nthaka, ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta chimanga
Popewa kuwoneka ngati matenda osiyanasiyana, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyang'anitsitsa nthaka ndikuisanthula nthawi zonse. Kutengera ndi zotsatira zake, manyowa kuti muchotse nthaka. Mbewu zisanabzalidwe ziyenera kukonzedwa molingana ndi malamulo onse omwe akunenedwa pamwambapa.
Matenda ofala kwambiri a chimanga ndi chikhodzodzo cha chikhodzodzo, fusarium ndi zowola zofiira. Ngati zizindikiro za matendawa zapezeka (zolengeza pamasamba, mawonekedwe a zowola, fungo lachilendo), ndikofunikira kupatula zomwe zakhudzidwazo ndikuziwononga. Iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo, kuwonjezera apo, imateteza mbewu zathanzi kuti zisatengeke.
A Chilimwe akukhala ndi chilangizi: malamulo a ntchito yotolera ndi kusungira chimanga
Kukula kwa chimanga kumagawika m'magawo angapo: mkaka - mbewu yofewa, masamba ndi ovuta kudzipatula, kusala kwa nsonga za mantha, kusasitsa kwachilengedwe - masamba amatembenuka chikasu, mbewu ndi lalanje.
Zosonkhanitsa ziyenera kuchitika nthawi ya mkaka kapena yachilengedwe. Ngati mukuyenera kudya zatsopano, ndikofunikira kukolola pamkaka wamkaka. Kugwiritsira ntchito kwina, kukhwima kwachilengedwe kwa mbewu ndi koyenera.
Ndikofunika kusonkhanitsa mosamala kwambiri, ndikuyamba kuthyoka pomwepo, poyambira omwe ali pafupi kwambiri. Chimanga chimasungidwa m'chipinda chouma, paphiri. Analimbikitsa mu mesh, matumba oimitsidwa.
