Zimakhala zovuta kukula mphesa kunyumba, monga chomera ichi sichimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, tizirombo ndi chisanu.
Pachifukwa ichi, anthu ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito vinyo amayesetsa kutenga mitundu ya mphesa osati zokoma zokhazokha komanso mbewu zambiri, komanso ndi kukhazikika bwino.
Ngati nanunso mwakhala mukufunafuna mphesazo kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti chidwi chanu chidzakopeka ndi zosiyanasiyana "zokondwera".
Mpesa uwu uli ndi ubwino wambiri, chifukwa chake umatchuka kwambiri. Koma sitidzadziŵa kokha ubwino wa mphesa iyi, komanso ndi kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za ndondomeko ya kubzala ndi kusamaliranso.
Chomwe chimakondweretsa mphesa "Chisangalalo": kufotokozera za mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana
Zosiyanasiyanazi ndi chimodzi mwa zotsatira zabwino za kuswana asayansi a Russia. Pofuna kuzilandira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa idagwiritsidwa ntchito: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mungu "Dawn of the North" (monga wopereka chisanu chabwino cha chisanu) ndi "Dolores" zinasakanizidwa ndi mitundu ina ya mphesa - Russian Early (chifukwa cha iye, mitundu yosiyanasiyana inalandiridwa mofulumira zokolola zokolola).
Kotero, "Chisangalalo" chakhala chopeza chenicheni kwa madera a ku Central, Ural, Siberia komanso kutali-Kum'maŵa, monga osabzala mbewu za mphesa. Kuwonjezera apo, amakula izi zosiyanasiyana m'madera onse a Belarus ndi mayiko a Baltic.
Malingaliro a mphesa "Chisangalalo": ndi zodabwitsa bwanji kalasi
Mabowo pa tchire la mphesa "Chisangalalo" chingakhale chosiyana mu mawonekedwe ndi kukula. Kotero, mawonekedwe a masango akhoza kukhala okongola kwambiri, osasintha. Polemera, amatha kukhala awiri ndi aakulu kwambiri: kuyambira 0,5 mpaka 2 kilograms. Kapangidwe ka masangowo ndi ochepa kwambiri, zipatso sizili opunduka pansi pa zovuta za wina ndi mnzake.
Chofunika kwambiri pakupanga chidwi chokhudza izi zosiyanasiyana chimasewera ndi mabulosi. Muyeso, amapezekanso aakulu ndi aakulu kwambiri, koma pafupipafupi, miyeso yawo ndi pafupifupi 2.7 x2.4 masentimita. Kuchuluka kwa mphesa imodzi "Kusangalala" ndi 6-7 magalamu. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, amasiyanitsa ndi khungu loyera lokhala ndi tani yomwe imakhala mbali ya dzuwa.
Kukoma kwa zipatso zimenezi ndi kovomerezeka komanso kosangalatsa, chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe thupi lawo limakhala ndi mazira ndi shuga wambiri. Ngati mulankhulidwe, mphamvu yosungirako shuga ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi 19-26%, yomwe ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha mphesa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, acidity ndi 5-9 g / l okha.
Pogwiritsa ntchito khungu la zipatso, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuwerengeka kwake, komwe sikukukhudzanso kukoma, komabe kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zogwirizana ndi chipatso chokwera.
Zizindikiro za zokolola za mphesa "Kondwerani": zotsatira zake zingapezeke bwanji ndi zosiyanasiyana
Nkhani yokolola imathandizanso posankha mitundu ya mphesa, komabe simudzasowa kudandaula ndi "Chisangalalo". Inde, izi zosiyanasiyana zimabereka zipatso osati zochuluka, komanso nthawi zonse. Makamaka, zokolola zambiri pa hekitala za zokolola za mphesa "Chisangalalo" ndi ofanana ndi anthu 120. Kubala zipatso kwa chitsamba chimodzi ndi 65-85%, omwe ndi ofanana ndi chiwerengero cha mphukira zopatsa zipatso.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, pafupipafupi, magulu 1.4-1.7 akhoza kupanga mphukira imodzi. Mphesa yamphesa ya mitundu yofotokozedwa ikhonza kupezeka palimodzi ndi kukula kwakukulu, choncho mulingo woyenera kwambiri pa chitsamba chimodzi uyenera kukhala ndi maso 35 mpaka 45.
Zotsatira zabwino za fruiting izi zosiyanasiyana zimatha kupereka pamene zikukula mu katundu wa osatha nkhuni, ndiko kuti, pamene Ankalumikiza cuttings kwa rootstocks wakale baka.
Njira yowonjezera yowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbeu ndikulingalira zokolola za tchire pamene zidulidwa. Kotero, ngati mutasiya maso 20-30 pa chitsamba, mungathe kukwaniritsa masango akuluakulu - 1.5 mpaka 2 kg.
Kawirikawiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ndi ya oyambirira. Zomera za kuthengo zinafotokoza mitundu imatha masiku 110-120 okha, kulola kuyamba kukolola pakati pa mwezi wa August. Koma, chifukwa cha kukolola kwa nthawi yaitali kuti ayang'ane bwino pa tchire, mukhoza kufika ku dacha ngakhale kumapeto kwa September - zokolola zanu zidzakhalabe momwemo ndipo zidzakhalanso zofanana bwino pakati pa mwezi wa August.
Kodi phindu la mpesa ndilo "kukondwera"?
• Amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri yamagulu ndi fruiting.
• Ali ndi kukoma kwabwino kwa zipatso ndi fungo labwino la nutmeg.
• Mbewu ikhoza kusungidwa kuthengo kwa miyezi pafupifupi 1-1.5, pomwe sikutaya maonekedwe kapena kukoma.
• Kukolola kuli koyenerera kayendedwe pamtunda wautali, zomwe zimathandizanso kuti asungidwe nthawi yaitali.
• Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikhoza kufalikira mosavuta ndi tizidulidwe, timene timagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yodula yomwe ili pamtunda wokwanira.
• Chifukwa cha ulimi wothirira ndi kuthirira feteleza mothandizidwa ndi feteleza komanso organic fertilizer, mlingo wa zokolola ukhoza kuwonjezeka mwamtundu komanso moyenera.
• Mpesa wa zosiyanasiyanazi uli ndi kukana kutsika kutentha - mpaka -25ºС. Pa chifukwa ichi, ndizotheka kuti musaphimbe nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chitsamba chimalolera chisanu ndi zovuta ku nkhuni.
• Palinso bwino kulekerera kwa chilala cha chitsamba cha mphesa, ndipo mbewu sizimavutika.
• Pali kuteteza kwakukulu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matendawa monga mildew ndi kuvunda (ngakhale chitsamba chingadwale mwamsanga popanda kupopera mankhwala).
Kuipa kwa mphesa "Kondwerani", zomwe ziri zobisika pambuyo pa mawu ambiri otamanda
Kunena kuti kuipa kwa mitundu iyi ya mphesa sikungakhale zambiri. Ali woyenereradi kutchedwa kuti wodabwitsa. Koma palinso zovuta, ndipo muyenera kudziwa za izo musanayambe kukula za mphesa zosiyanasiyana.
Izi zosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi phylloxera. Kuteteza nkhuku yanu kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kotheka mwa njira imodzi - kukulumikiza zidutswa za "Kondwerani" ku khola ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, masitolo wathanzi. "Berlandieri" X "Riparia Kober 5BB" amaonedwa kuti ndiwo malo abwino kwambiri. Ndipotu, n'zosatheka kuthetsa kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda phylloxera zomwe zakhala zikudziwonetsera kale, popeza izi ziyenera kuthetsa shrub yonse.
Kubzala mphesa pa chiwembu ndi manja awo: Kodi munda wamphesa wopanda nzeru uyenera kudziwa chiyani?
Mitengo ya mphesayi imatha kusintha. Pachifukwa ichi, ngati mutatsatira malamulo onse oyenera kubzala mbewuyi kumbuyo kapena kumalo a m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, sizitengera ndalama zambiri kuti zikule.
Njira zofalitsira mphesa "Kondwerani"
Pamwamba, pokamba za zovuta ndi zoyenera za mitundu iyi ya mphesa, tanena kale, Yabwino kwambiri, imachulukanso polemba zowonongeka m'matangadza ndi katundu wambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi, wina akhoza kupewa kupweteka kwakukulu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchepa kwa phylloxera. Koma popanda izi, njira yoperekera mphesa imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa njira zothandiza komanso zophweka. Zifukwa izi ndi izi:
• Chifukwa cha zida zowonjezereka ndi nkhuni zabwino kwambiri, kudula kwachinyamata sikusowa nthawi yokwanira kudziunjikira pazinthu zosonyeza. Ndikokwanira kuti adzuke pamsika, ndipo kudula kumakula mofulumira, kupanga chitsamba chonse.
• Kulemba grafting kungapangidwe pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Pambuyo pake, pali mitundu yotere ya njira yoberekera ya mphesa, monga kumangiriza "wakuda wakuda", ndiko kuti, kugona ndi kudula ku chigonere; "wakuda wobiriwira" ndi "wobiriwira mpaka wobiriwira". Choncho, njira iliyonse ndi nthawi iliyonse yobweretsera ikhoza kukhala yothandiza.
N'zosangalatsanso kuwerenga za kulima mphesa ku mwala
• Anthu ogwira ntchito za vinyo amadziwa kuti chitsamba champhesa chachitsamba chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kusonkhanitsa chimalowa mu fruiting mofulumira kwambiri kusiyana ndi kukula kwa mmera.
Kudyetsa kosavuta kwa mphesa mothandizidwa ndi mbande sizothandiza. Ndipotu, mothandizidwa, ndondomeko yomwe mukufuna kukula imakula pa tsamba lanu. Pambuyo pake Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zida zina, chitsamba chatsopano chimakhala cholowa chawo. Mwachitsanzo, chitsamba cha srednerosly chingapangidwe kukhala champhamvu, ngati chiphatikizidwa ku malo oyenera.
Njira yofalitsira mphesa "kukhala ndi mizu" ikugwiritsanso ntchito nthambi kuchokera ku chitsamba chachikulu ndi cha fruiting. Kuti muchite izi, ingosankha wathanzi komanso wotalika mphukira ndi prikopat iyo pafupi ndi thunthu la chitsamba chachikulu. Patapita nthawi, mphukira idzayamba mizu ndikuyamba kukula ngati chitsamba chosiyana. Pambuyo pake, mungathe kudula kugwirizana kwake ndi chachikulu chitsamba ndi kumuika monga osiyana ndi chomera chomera.
Malamulo omwe ndibwino kuti azitulutsa mphesa "Vostorg"
Mphesa zingabzalidwe masika ndi autumn. Pachiyambi choyamba, mumapatsa tchire tating'onoting'ono kuti tipeze bwino malo atsopano okula ndikupeza mphamvu kuti tipulumuke m'nyengo yozizira yoyamba ndi yake, mwina yoopsya, yozizira. Koma, panopa, mumayenera kumuyang'ana mochuluka kwambiri komanso madzi nthawi zambiri, chifukwa nthaka ya masika siidzodzaza ndi dothi ngati dothi.
Choncho, kubzala kapena kubzala mphesa mu kugwa, kungoyenera kuphimbidwa mosamala, koma mosiyana - mungathe kuiwala za izo mpaka masika. Mu mawonekedwe osabisika, kudula kumtengowo ndi mmera pazomwe mizu yake idzasungidwa mwangwiro komanso mopanda kuwonongeka, ndipo poyamba kutentha, zidzakula mwamsanga.
Ganizirani zomwe zili patsambali kuti mubzalitse mphesa
Mitengo yowirira ndi dzuwa, yomwe ndi mphesa, makamaka mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Chisangalalo", iyenera kubzalidwa m'malo osatsekedwa ndi nyumba kapena zomera zina kapena mitengo. Ngakhale kuli kolimba kwambiri kwa chitsamba, ndibwino kuti tisiye mbali ya masamba ake kuti zipatso zikhale ndi kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa ndipo zikhale zofiira.
Koma kupatula izi, nkofunika kwambiri kuti chitsamba chikhale chitetezo chabwino kuchokera ku chimfine kupyolera mu mphepo ndipo sichibzalidwe m'malo omwe mpweya wozizira ukhoza kuphulika. Choncho, malo omwe amatsatira njira zotsatirazi zingakhale zabwino zokwera:
• Kumbali ya kum'mwera kapena kumadzulo kwa nyumba yanu, yomwe imateteza chitsamba kuchokera ku mphepo yamkuntho, ndipo sidzaphimba mphesa.
• Mapiri aang'ono, mapiri kumene mpweya sumawomba. Zotsutsana zawo - Yars, zigwa, maenje ndizolakwika.
Chofunika kwambiri pa kubzalidwa kwa mphesa chimayimbidwa ndi zofunikira za nthaka, makamaka kubereka kwake ndi chinyezi. Ngati choyamba chikhoza kuthetsedwa mosavuta, kudyetsa nthaka ndi zinthu zakuthupi ndi feteleza mchere kwa zaka zambiri, ndiye kuti zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri ndi chinyezi. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake, padzakhala koyenera kuthirira chitsamba sabata sabata iliyonse, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi madzi ambiri.
Ndipo mopitirira muyeso wa chinyezi chitsamba, ndipo makamaka mizu yake, ikhoza kuvunda, ikhoza kugunda phylloxera, chipatso chikhoza kuthyola komanso kuvunda. Pa chifukwa ichi, mphesa sizikula msanga panthaka yambiri. Njira yoyenera ndi nthaka yakuda kapena kuwala loam. Kuzama kwa nthaka pansi kubzala zosiyanasiyana "Vostorg" si apamwamba kuposa 2.5 mamita.
Ndifunikanso kulingalira mtunda wa pakati pa tchire kuti mpesa wawo usagwirizanane komanso kuti asagwirizane / kuthana wina ndi mnzake. Mitengo ya mphesa ndi mphamvu ya sing'anga kukula, ndibwino kuti mupange mtunda wa mamita 4, koma kuti ukhale wolimba-pafupifupi 6. Choncho, chitsamba chidzakhala malo ambiri ophika.
Zopindulitsa winegrowers amalangiza kubzala izi zosiyanasiyana mu arched njira.
Chifukwa cha njira ya arched, idzakhala ndi malo okwanira oweta, ndipo zidzatheka kupanga chombo chokongola kwambiri m'munda wanu kapena pabwalo. Koma mukakhala mukufuna kubzala mphesa pafupi ndi nyumba, ndi bwino kuganizira kuti mizu ya zomera izi ingasokoneze maziko ake. Choncho, zidzakhala zofunikira kuchokapo pafupifupi mamita 0.7.
Momwe mungamere mphesa "Kondwerani" ku katundu: zinthu ndi malamulo
Kwa katemera, muyenera kusankha bwino cuttings ndi 2-3 maso. The cuttings sayenera kukhala owuma, ayenera kukhala wobiriwira kudula. Kotero kuti panthawi yokhazikika ndi kudula mitengo, kudula sikuuma ndipo kumatha kusunga kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, ndikulimbikitsanso kuyika pansi posiya parafini mu parafini yosungunuka kwa mphindi zingapo.
Kuti phesi ikhale yabwino kumamatira ku chitsa, gawo lake la pansi, limene lidzagwera mugawanika, limadulidwa kumbali zonse, zomwe zidzakanikizidwa pamtengo wa thunthu. Komanso, musanatengere mbali iyi ya pansi, tsiku liyenera kukhala m'madzi. komanso. Kawirikawiri zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zithetse vutoli ndi "Humate".
Kukonzekera kwa katundu kumaphatikizapo ndondomeko zotsatirazi:
• Chotsani chitsamba cha mphesa chakale.
• Kuthira pamwamba pa mpweya wa masentimita 10 otsalira pambuyo pochotsa shrub.
• Kugawidwa kwa magalimoto. Kugawanika sikuyenera kukhala kozama, kuti asawononge chitsa, chiyenera kugwirizana ndi kudula (kapena kuposerapo, ngati chingwecho chikutulutsa).
Pambuyo pake, kudula kumangophatikizapo kugawanika ndipo kulimbikitsidwa kwambiri mmenemo, komwe kungathandize kuti zikhale bwino. Malo ogwiritsira ntchito katemera amamangiriridwa bwino ndi dongo lonyowa. Pafupi ndi chitsa kukumba thandizo la tsogolo la chitsamba. Komanso, shtamb iyenera kutsanulidwa ndi madzi ambiri ndi kukulitsa nthaka yozungulira.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji chitsamba cha mphesa "Chisangalalo"?
• Mphesa imafuna chinyezi chambiri, chomwe chimapangitsa kukula kwa muzu ndi mapangidwe a zipatso. Ngakhale kuti chitsamba chikulepheretsa chilala bwino, chiyenera kuthirira madzi asanayambe maluwa komanso pambuyo pake.
• Pambuyo kuthirira kulikonse, nthaka yozungulira mphesa imakhala ndi masentimita 3 masentimita a mulch kuchokera ku utuchi wamdima kapena moss.
• M'nyengo yozizira, mphesa zazing'ono zomwe zimangobzalidwa ziyenera kuphimbidwa. Chombo chachikulu chopanda pansi chimayikidwa pamwamba pake ndipo chimakhala ndi mchenga. Kuchokera pamwamba, mukhoza kubisala ndi nthambi zowonjezereka kapena moss.
• Kudulira mphesa "Chisangalalo" chimachitika m'dzinja, 8-10 maso a mphukira iliyonse amachotsedwa.
• Kuteteza chitsamba kuti chisadwale komanso kusagwidwa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, kupopera mankhwala nthawi zonse kuyenera kuchitidwa. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito musanayambe maluwa, mpaka zipatso zakhazikika. Kukonzekera kwapadera kwa mildew, imvi yovunda ndi oidium amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
