Nkhunda zimadwala nthawi zambiri monga mbalame zina, ndi mbalame zakutchire nthawi zambiri.
Matenda ena a mbalame ndi otetezeka kwa anthu, koma palinso matenda omwe angathe kuvulaza thanzi lathu.
M'nkhani ino, tidzakambirana za matenda ofala monga nthiti (ndi matenda a Newcastle) omwe amachititsa zikwi zambiri za njiwa kufa chaka chilichonse.
Kodi matendawa ndi otani?
Mphungu ndi matenda owopsa a khunyu. Matenda a Newcastle adatchulidwa ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha zizindikiro zake zazikulu - kufooka kwa miyendo ndi mitu ya mbalame, komanso kusowa kwa kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. 
Pazigawo zomaliza za chitukuko, matendawa amakhudza ubongo ndi fupa la mafupa, pambuyo pake sizingatheke kupulumutsa mbalameyo. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi mbalame zomwe zikudwala kale, zomwe zimatha kupha anthu amtundu wawo kwa mwezi wonse (zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa zakhala zikuwoneka masiku 3-4 pambuyo pa matenda).
Malingana ndi kuopsa kwake kwa matendawa ndi zizindikiro zake, zizindikiro zingapo zimatha kusiyanitsa:
- loanogenic - yofooka kapena yowonjezera yopanda matenda;
- mesogenic - ali ndi mphamvu ya sing'anga mphamvu;
- Velogenny - amadziwika ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu ndipo amaonedwa kuti ndi owopsa kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Matenda a Newcastle adabwera kumayiko athu ku chilumba cha Java, ndipo izi zinachitika m'zaka za m'ma 1900.
Pochepetsa kuchepetsa matendawa pakati pa nkhuku, katemera wapadera amaperekedwa kwa nkhunda zodwala, zomwe zimathandiza kuthetsa matendawa. Zoona, ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse sangathe kupambana. Kuwonjezera pa njiwa, nkhuku zili pangozi, choncho ndibwino kuti azikhala ndi njiwa momwe angathere. 
Zimayambitsa
Asayansi ndi omwe amachititsa khungu la helica, kachilombo ka RNA kamene kamakhala ndi paramyxovirus. Zimalekerera bwino kuzizira ndipo zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri pa +1 ° C (zikhoza kuwonjezeka kwa miyezi inayi), ndipo pa 0 ° C zimangokhala "zoteteza" ndikudikirira kuti zikhale zoyenera kuti ayambirenso ntchitoyi.
Kutentha kumawononga kachilomboka ndipo kumatha kuwonongeka pa +56 ° C. Wothandizira mankhwalawa amatha kukhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mu nyama ya njiwa yakufa, koma amakhalabe owopsa kwa mbalame yonseyo.
Dziwitseni nokha ndi zochitika zapakhomo pokhala pakhomo mtundu wotchuka wa njiwa monga nkhanga, Uzbek, Turkmen amuna akumenyana, Amuna a nkhondo a Baku, Amuna a nkhondo a ku Turki, Akuluakulu a ku Nikolaev, Kasan, Armavir, tipplers, Volga band.
Kawirikawiri, matendawa amapezeka kudzera mu chakudya, zakumwa, zogona m'miphika kapena zinthu zomwe zimasamalira mbalame, ndiko kuti, madontho amadzi.
Nthawi yosakaniza
Matenda a Newcastle "amatha" osati kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo masiku angapo atatha kulumikizana ndi mbalame yodwalayo, achibale awo omwe ali ndi nthenga amakhala okhawo omwe amachititsa kachilombo kwa masiku 30 otsatirawa. Zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa zimaonekera patangotha masiku 2-3 kuchokera pamene chitukukocho chimakhala ndi nkhunda. 
Miyeso ndi zizindikiro
Pali magawo atatu okha pakukula kwa ziphuphu, zomwe m'malo mwachangu zimatsatizana. Mulimonsemo, ndikofunika kudziŵa kuti ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe muyenera kuziganizira kuti muwone matendawa pa nthawi yoyamba komanso kuti muyambe kuchita nthawi yoyenera.
Poyamba
Pafupifupi kuyambira masiku oyambirira a chitukukochi, mbalameyo imakhala yosalala, imayendetsa pansi ndipo imataya chidwi pa chilichonse chimene chimachitika. Zakudya zingawonongeke, koma pang'ono chabe, koma madzi amawononga mofulumira kwambiri.
Patapita kanthawi, ming'alu yoyera imawonekera pamlomo, maso amachotsa nyemba, ndipo nthenga zimataya kukongola kwawo ndipo zimawoneka zosasunthika. Tsiku lililonse pamakhala kuchepa kwa ntchito ndipo nthawi zina odwala amasiya kusunthira.
Kuti muzisamalira njiwa panyumba, zidzakhala zofunikira kuti mudziwe momwe mungathere nkhunda, momwe mungadzipangire nokha nkhuku zanu komanso nkhunda zomwe mumadya kunyumba, ndi mavitamini omwe mumayenera kupereka nkhunda.
Avereji
Wina akhoza kudziwa chiyambi cha pakatikati pa chitukuko cha matenda a Newcastle mogwirizana ndi zizindikiro zoyamba za thupi: kutengeka m'mlengalenga (mwachitsanzo, njiwa singathe kulowa mu tirigu ndi mlomo wake) ndi kayendetsedwe kake kakang'ono. 
Kuonjezerapo, panthawiyi, mkono umawoneka kuti ndi matenda a chimbudzi, kuphatikizapo matope otsekemera obiriwira omwe ali ndi zonyansa za mushu. Mbalame zikuchepa kwambiri ndipo zikukana kale chakudya. Mwinamwake mawonekedwe a zidutswa.
Kutsiriza
Pa gawo lomalizira la chitukuko cha dzanja, zonse zotupa m'mthupi zimadutsa mu ubongo, ndichifukwa chake pamakhala phokoso la khosi la nkhunda ndi kupotoza kwa mlomo pamwamba. Pambuyo pake mbalame imataya malo ake, nthawi zambiri imagwa, imasinthasintha mutu wake (motero dzina la matenda).
Ndikofunikira! Ngati simukuyambitsa mankhwala masiku awiri oyambirira pambuyo pozindikira zizindikiro, ndiye kuti simungathe kupulumutsa nkhunda yodwalayo.
Momwe mungachitire ndi nkhuku ya nkhunda
Kuchotsa zizindikiro za khalidwe ndikuchotsa mbalame ku matenda a chideru, magulu osiyanasiyana a mankhwala angathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amadziwika ndi mphamvu zake. 
Mankhwala otchuka kwambiri ndi awa:
- Antiviral formulationsyoperekedwa ndi Vosprenil ndi Immunofan. Pachiyambi choyamba, mankhwalawa amamwa mowa mbalame yodwalayo, kukonzekera zokhala ndi mlingo wa 1 ml wa mankhwala pa madzi okwanira 1 litre, kupitiliza njira ya chithandizo kwa masiku 2-5. Nthawi zina "Fosprenil" ikhoza kuika anthu odwala m'magazi, ndipo pakakhala zovuta, jekeseni imalangizidwa: 0.1 ml kamodzi pa tsiku kwa masiku asanu. "Immunofan" imasungunuka m'madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 0.1-0.3 ml pa 1 l madzi (mlingo pa tsiku). Njira ya mankhwala imakhala pafupifupi masiku khumi. Mankhwala onsewa ali ndi interferon, omwe amadziwika ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana komanso amathandizira kulimbana ndi matendawa mu nthawi yochepa. Palibe chifukwa choti njiwa izipatsidwa mankhwala awiri nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa interferon kungapweteke kwambiri kachilombo ka avian.
- Nootropic mankhwala formulations. Piracetamu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda a chideru ndi nkhunda. Ali ndi mphamvu zabwino za nootropic ndipo amatha kuchepetsa mawonetseredwe a ubongo wa matendawa. Pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, ¼ za zomwe zili mu kapsule zimasungunuka ndi madzi pang'ono ndipo zimangokhalira kutsanulira mumlomo wa nkhunda.
- Multivitamin kukonzekera. Oyimira otchuka kwambiri a gulu ili ndi zolemba zotchedwa "Katazol", "Vikasol", "Galavit". Zonsezi ndi cholinga chokhazikitsa mphamvu za chitetezo cha mthupi mwa avian organism ndikuthandizira kulimbana ndi matenda opitirira mofulumira. Jekeseni wa insulini syringe mbali ya thoracic ya mbalame yodwalayo imaonedwa kuti ndi njira yogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, "Katazol" imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 0.3 ml tsiku lililonse (mpaka mawonetseredwe a matendawa athake), ngakhale "Vikasol" yomweyi ikhoza kusakanizidwa ndi chakudya mu chiwerengero cha 0.1 mg pa 100 g ya chakudya (nthawi zina, malinga ndi Kuchuluka kwa matendawa, mlingo ukhoza kuwonjezeka).
- Ma Chelator ndi prebiotics. Monga tanenera kale, chifuwachi chimakhala ndi matenda a nkhunda, choncho, pamene zizindikiro zoyamba zawombera zikuonekera, pofuna kuchepetsa kuledzera, mungagwiritse ntchito Sporovit, Linex kapena Carsil. Zimasakaniza chakudya ndikupatsidwa kwa mbalame mpaka zizindikiro za matendawa zikutha.
Mmodzi mwa mankhwala omwe tatchulawa ndi othandiza ngati angagwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera. Choncho, mwamsanga mutadziwa matendawa, mwamsanga mudzalandira zotsatira zabwino kuchokera kuchipatala.Mukudziwa? Chifukwa cha kuyang'ana kwa DNA, tatha kuzindikira kuti nkhunda zamakono zimakhala zofanana kwambiri ndi mbalame yotchedwa dodo, ngakhale kuti njiwa ya Nicobar, yomwe imapezeka kum'mwera chakummawa kwa Asia ndi Nicobar Islands, imatchedwanso kuti ndi wachibale wawo.
Kodi n'zotheka kuchiza mankhwala ochiritsira
Osayesetsa "kuwononga" ma ward awo ndi mankhwala, amphaka ena amatha kuthandiza chithandizo chamankhwala pankhani yothetsera ngolo.
Monga njira yodalirika kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, amapanga kusakaniza tirigu, nthaka ya adyo ndi mkaka, ndiyeno amaika chisakanizocho mkati mwa goiter ya mbalame yodwala. 
Komabe, matenda a chideru ndi oopsa ndipo sangagwire ntchito popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa.
Mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtundu uwu angathandize ngati njira yothandizira, koma osati njira yeniyeni (mwachitsanzo, pakudyetsa mbalame ya belladonna pamtingo wambiri, idzakhala ndi bwino kwambiri pakhomo pathupi).
Kodi ndizoopsa kwa anthu?
Matenda a chideru amakula mofulumira pakati pa mbalame, koma kwa anthu sizowopsya. Antchito a minda ya nkhuku nthawi zambiri amadwala matendawa, ndipo amawonekera mwa mawonekedwe a conjunctivitis ndi kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes.
Zoona, ndi chitetezo chokwanira, sipangakhale zizindikiro konse, koma ichi si chifukwa choiwala choyambirira pamene mukulankhulana ngakhale njiwa zamsewu. 
Kupewa
Pofuna kupeza njira zothetsera vutoli, matendawa ndi ovuta kupewa.
Zina mwazikuluzikulu ndizo:
- Katemera woyenera wa njiwa pogwiritsira ntchito katemera wa Bor-74, Gam-61 kapena La Sota (kusankha njira inayake kumapangidwa ndi wodwala wa veterinari atatha kufufuza mbalame ndikuchita maphunziro apamwamba). Katemera woyamba amachitika ali ndi zaka 30-35, ndikubwereza kawiri pachaka: mu kasupe ndi m'dzinja.
- Kuonetsetsa zofunikira pa ukhondo ndi zaukhondo pamene mukusamalira nkhunda: kuyeretsa nthawi zonse chipinda ndi zipangizo zogwirira ntchito, kuyeretsa nthawi yowonjezera chakudya, komanso kutsekemera kwathunthu kawiri pa chaka.
- Kusungulumwa kwa anthu odwala pa kukayikira koyamba kwa kukhalapo kwa matendawa (ndikofunika kuti malo opatulira anthu azikhala kutali ndi mbalame yathanzi, kukhala mdima komanso ozizira).
- Gulu la zakudya, ndi kuwonjezera mavitamini apadera, udzu watsopano ndi tirigu.
Musaiwale kuti ngakhale atatha kuwonongeka kwa zizindikiro zonse za matenda a chideru, omwe kale "odwala" amakhalabe otengera kachilombo ka mwezi umodzi, kotero kuika kwaokha kumatenga masiku osachepera 30.Ndikofunikira! Pamene katemera wachinyamata, ubongo ndi kugona kwa anthu omwe ali ndi katemera akhoza kuwonedwa. Ichi ndi chinthu chokhalitsa, ndipo simukusowa kuchita mantha.
Pokha potsatizana ndi malamulo onse ochiza ndi kulepheretsa chitukuko cha wodandaula, mudzatha kuteteza mbalame zanu ku imfa ndi kudziteteza ku zotsatira zosasangalatsa za kulankhulana nawo.
