Nick Pear ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yosangalatsa yamaluwa. Makhalidwe azosiyanasiyana amachititsa kuti izi zitheke osati m'njira yapakatikati, komanso zigawo zakumpoto za Russia. Njira yodzala ndikusamalira sikusiyana mu zovuta zilizonse ndipo imakhala yotsika mtengo ngakhale kwa oyamba kumene.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu
Mitundu ya peyala ya Nika ndiyophatikizira yozizira yomwe inajambulidwa ku Institute of Michurin chifukwa chodutsa mitundu iwiri - Kukongola kwa Talgar ndi Mwana wamkazi wa Dawn. Mtengo wachikulire uli ndi kutalika kwa 3-4 m, korona wocheperako ndi wozungulira. Nick adagawidwa kwambiri m'chigawo cha Central Black Earth. Zipatsozo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owundana, kulemera kwa 120-200 g, khungu losalala ndi zokutira kwa sera zomwe zimateteza kuti ziume pakuuma. Mtundu wa zipatso ukachotsedwa pamtengowo ndi wachikasu wobiriwira ndi mawanga ofiira. Mukamasunga, mtunduwo umasintha ndikusintha chikasu chofiirira komanso chofiirira.
Kirimu peyala zamkaka, kusasinthasintha bwino, kununkhira kwamchere, zotsekemera komanso zowawasa, popanda astringency. Zosiyanasiyana zimasonkhana mpaka 10,2% a shuga mu zipatso, chomwe chimakhala chizindikiro chachikulu pachikhalidwe ichi. Zipatso zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya zam'chitini, komanso zatsopano. Nthawi yokolola ili mu Seputembara. Zokhudza mitundu ina ya dzinja yozizira, kupsa kwa ogula kumachitika mu Novembala. Pambuyo pogona pang'ono, zipatsozo zimakhala ndi fungo lamtundu wa muscat wokhala ndi mitundu iyi komanso kukoma kambiri. Peyala ya Nick imasungidwa kwa miyezi 3-4. Nthawi yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito imawonedwa kuti ndiyambira Novembala mpaka Januware.
Zipatso za peyala ya Nick ndizobiriwira zachikaso ndi mawanga ofiira, ndipo ndikazisungako zimasanduka chikaso chowoneka bwino
Ubwino ndi zoyipa
Kuti mudziwe ngati mitundu iyi ndi yoyenera kubzala ndi kukula pamunda wanu wamasamba, muyenera kuganizira zabwino zake ndi zovuta zake. Pearl Nick ali ndi zotsatirazi:
- mkulu ndi khola zipatso;
- kukana kwambiri chisanu;
- ndikuwonongeka pang'ono kwa chisanu ku nthambi, imabwezeretseka mwachangu;
- kayendedwe kabwino;
- kukana matenda omwe amapatsidwa zipatso;
- zipatso zokongola komanso zosangalatsa.
Koma pali mitundu ndi zovuta:
- kubzala pollinators ndikofunikira kuti zipatso zitheke;
- mbeu yoyamba itha kupezeka kwa zaka 5-6 mutabzala;
- kufunikira kowala korona.
Oyipitsa chachikulu
Ngakhale peyala ya Nick ndiyodzilamulira, koma kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri, opukutira mungu ayenera kukula pafupi. Mwakutero, pali mapeyala omwe amatulutsa nthawi imodzi: Duchess, Svetlyanka, Rogneda.
Kuti peyala ya Nick ipange mbewu zambiri, ma pollinators ayenera kubzala pafupi
Kubzala Nika Ngale
Kuti peyala izike mizu mutabzala, ndikofunikira kusankha zinthu zoyenera kubzala ndikukonzekera malowo kuti mukule bwino.
Kusankha Mmera
Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa amayang'anizana ndi kugula kwa zinthu zofunikira kubzala m'misika komanso nthawi zambiri m'misika. Njira yabwino ikakhala kugula mmera ku nazale, koma si aliyense ali ndi mwayi. Kuti musankhe bwino chomera, choyamba, ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa pakuwoneka: siziyenera kukhala ndi zizindikiro zakuumitsa kapena kutota.
Wodzala aliyense azikhala ndi cholembera chogulitsa, chosiyanasiyana chofotokozera mawonekedwe ake. Ngati chodzala sichinalembedwe motere, ndiye kuti ndibwino kugula kwina, chifukwa momwe mmera wotere ungakhalire wokayikira.
Dongosolo labwino la mizu liyenera kukhala ndi mizu yoyambira: osachepera 5 yayikulu ndi 3 mizu yowonjezera yotalika masentimita 30. Kuphatikiza apo, mizu iyenera kukhala yoyera komanso yowala popanda zowonongeka ndi zizindikiro za kuwola. Pobzala, ndibwino kugula mbande wazaka ziwiri, zomwe zitha kuweruzidwa ndi korona wosasinthika.
Pakubzala mapeyala, ndibwino kugula mbande wazaka ziwiri, chifukwa zimakhala mizu yabwino
Kusankhidwa kwa tsamba ndikukonzekera
Choyamba muyenera kuganizira kuti peyala imafuna malo abwino. Kupanda kutero, pali mwayi wochepetsera shuga wazipatso ndi zipatso zochepa. Ngakhale kukula kwa peyala ya Nika, kubzala pakati pa mitengo ina kuyenera kupewedwa. Muyenera kusankha malo oti mubzale pasadakhale kuti musadzaze chomera pambuyo pake, makamaka popeza peyalayo sakonda izi.
Ngale siyilekerera kusasunthika kwa madzi, chifukwa chake siyabzalidwe m'malo otsika. Madzi apansi ayenera kuchitika osachepera 2-2,5 m.
Pa mbewu yomwe mukufunsidwa, dothi lamchenga, imvi, dothi loyuka kapena la chernozem amadziwika kuti ndi labwino kwambiri. Kukonzekera dzenje lakufika ndibwino kuchita kuyambira nthawi yakugwa (Okutobala-Novembala). M'nyengo yozizira, dziko lidzakhazikika ndikukhalanso manyowa.
Ndikwabwino kuti muyambe kukonzera dzenje lobzala zipatso kuyambira nthawi yamvula
Dzenje limakumbidwa ndi mainchesi 60-80 masentimita ndi kuya pafupifupi mita 1. Mukakonzekera kukumba, kumtunda kwa dziko lapansi limaponyedwera mbali - lidzafunika mukadzala mmera, koma dothi lozama silingafunikire. Zotsatirazi zimatsanuliridwa pansi pa dzenje:
- 3 zidebe za humus;
- Ndowa ziwiri za mchenga wozungulira;
- 1 tbsp. superphosphate;
- 3 tbsp. l potaziyamu sulfate.
Kupereka mbande zokhala ndi michere kwa nthawi yoyamba, feteleza ofunika amawonjezeredwa mu dzenje lobzala
Zida zonse ndizosakanikirana bwino ndi kuphatikizira kwa lapansi pamtunda. Kenako dzenje limadzazidwa ndi madzi, pomwe 2 tbsp. Amasungunuka mumtsuko umodzi. dolomite ufa ndi kuthira dzenje, pambuyo pake, mabatani ena awiri a madzi oyera amathira. Dothi labwino lomwe limathiridwa pamtunda limatsanulidwa pamwamba ndipo dzenje limasiyidwa m'bomalo mpaka kumapeto. Ngati izi sizinachitike pasadakhale, ziyenera kuchitika osachepera masabata atatu musanafike.
Kubzala mmera
Peyala yabzalidwa kumapeto kwa Seputembara-kumayambiriro kwa Novembala kapena kumapeto kwa Epulo-Meyi koyambirira mpaka masamba atatseguka. Njirayi imakhala ndi izi:
- Gawo lina la dziko lapansi limachotsedwa dzenje ndipo chikhomo chamatabwa chimayendetsedwa, chomwe chimathandizira mmera wocheperako.
- Nthaka imathiridwa kudzenje kuti phiri laling'ono lipangidwe.
- Mmera wabzalidwa mosamala, kufalitsa mizu.
Khomalo limayikidwa mu dzenje lobzala, ndipo mizu ya mmera imakonzedwa bwino
- Mizu yake imadzazidwa kuti khosi la mizu ndi 4-6 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka, pambuyo pake dothi limapendekeka pang'ono.
Dongosolo la mizu limadzaza mpaka mulingo kuti khosi la mizu ndi 4-6 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka
- Mimbulu imapangidwa kuchokera pansi moyandikira m'mphepete mwa dzenje lobzala kuti pomwe kuthirira madzi sikupita chammbali.
- Ndowa ziwiri zamadzi zimathiridwa pansi pa mmera.
Mutabzala mmera wa peyala, kutsanulira ndowa 2-3 za madzi
- Madzi akamwezedwa, dothi limalungika ndi utuchi kapena peat ndi wosanjikiza wa 5-10 cm.
Mutatenga chinyezi, mmera wobzalidwa umadzaza ndi utuchi kapena peat
- Mmera umamangirira msomali ndi chingwe. Kuti asakule kukhala mtengo, khungwa limakulungidwa ndi mphira.
Miche ya peyala imalumikizidwa ndi msomali ndi chingwe kapena zotanuka
Khosi la muzu ndi malo pomwe thunthu limasunthira ku mizu ya mmera.
Khosi pamizere ndi malo pomwe thunthu limasinthira kukhala mizu
Kanema: momwe mungabyalare peyala
Ngati mutabzala, nyengo yotentha ndi youma, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitika masiku 10 aliwonse.
Maonekedwe a kulima ndi zochenjera za chisamaliro
Kusamalidwa bwino ndi peyala ya Nick kumaphatikizapo zochitika zingapo zaulimi, monga kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba, kudulira.
Kuthirira
Makamaka amalipira kuthirira nthawi yoyamba mutabzala mmera, kuti mizu yake imayamba kuzika. Kuthirira pambuyo pake kumayenera kukhala kosakwanira, pafupifupi pamwezi. Komabe, ndikofunikira kulingalira nyengo nyengo: ngati kuli kotentha ndi kouma, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala pafupipafupi. Njirayi, ngakhale ili yopepuka, iyenera kuchitidwa moyenera. Mtengowo suyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ozizira ndipo mwachindunji pansi pa muzu. Kupanda kutero, mizu imatsukidwa ndipo chomera chimafa. Madziwo amayenera kukhala zidebe ziwiri pa mita imodzi ya thunthu.
Peyala iyenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi ofunda mu ngalande yokonzedwa pasadakhale
Pakathirira madzi akumwa ofunda, omwe amawotcha tsiku lonse m'mbale kapena zidebe. Kuphatikiza apo, mozungulira mtengo muyenera kukumba ngalande yosaya ndikudyetsa madzi pang'onopang'ono. Mukamaliza ndondomekoyi ndi kupopera madzi, nthaka yozungulira mtengo imasulidwa, yomwe imathetsa mapangidwe a dothi. Njira imeneyi imathandizira kusinthana kwa mpweya, potithandizira kusintha kwa mpweya kupita kumizu.
Kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka isungidwe chinyontho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulch pamwamba pamitengo yopumira.
Kanema: momwe mungathiritsire peyala moyenera
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Popeza mizu ya peyala imakhala yakuya kwambiri, feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, michere imayambitsidwa mu dzenje lakufikira. Kenako Nick amakhala ndi umuna mu kugwa, pomwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma organic kapena mchere. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi yophukira, nayitrogeni safunika kumtengowu, chifukwa amathandiza kukula kwa masamba. Kutengera izi, zinthu zachilengedwe zatsopano siziyenera kuphatikizidwa. Pankhaniyi, amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wama phala (phosphorous ndi potashi), koma pazinthu zosavomerezeka za humus, zinthu zachilengedwe sizingagawidwe nazo. Chifukwa chake, mutatha kupanga mcherewo, dothi limayatsidwa ndi peat ndi humus mofananirana, ndikuwaza gawo loyandikira ndi thunthu ndi 15 cm cm.
Peat ndi humus mofananirana amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza zachilengedwe panthaka yosauka.
M'dzinja, feteleza amatha kupanga pansi pokumba kapena njira yothetsera michere. Mavalidwe apamwamba mumtundu wamadzimadzi amabweretsedwa m'nthaka kudzera mizere yopanda 20-30 cm (kuya kuya kutengera msinkhu wa mtengowo). Mukumba:
- 30 g wa superphosphate wa granular;
- 15 g wa potaziyamu mankhwala ena;
- 150 ml ya phulusa.
Manambalawa amatengera 1 m². Zigawo zomwezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza njira yothetsera michere, kupatula phulusa. Ma feteleza am'madzi amadzipaka m'mililita 10 yamadzi ndikuyambitsa mizere yopanda malire mu tsinde loyandikiralo ndi kuthirira koyambirira (zidebe ziwiri pa 1 m²). Chapakatikati, peyala imafunikira nayitrogeni kuti apange korona wobiriwira. Pankhaniyi, kuvala pamwamba kumatha kuchitika limodzi ndi nyimbo zotsatirazi:
- 200 g wa urea pa 10 malita a madzi pa 2 wamkulu mapeyala;
- 30 g ya ammonium nitrate pa 10 l madzi - 2 mapeyala;
- 500 g mbalame zitosi pa 10 malita a madzi - kunena tsiku ndi madzi malita 5 pa mtengo umodzi.
Pakatikati, peyala imafunikira nayitrogeni, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito urea
Munthawi yachilimwe, popanga zipatso, chikhalidwe chimafunikira potaziyamu yambiri ndi phosphorous, komanso zinthu zina. Mukamadyetsa, mutha kutsatira zotsatirazi:
- zinthu zokhala ndi phosphorous - mpaka 300 g pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi;
- mchere wa potaziyamu - mpaka 100 g pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi;
- mankhwala a boron - mpaka 20 g pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi;
- Kukonzekera kokhala ndi mkuwa - mpaka 5 g pa 10 l yamadzi;
- amatanthauza ndi magnesium - osaposa 200 g pa 10 malita a madzi;
- nthaka ya sodium - mpaka 10 g pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi.
Kudulira ndi chisamaliro
Kusintha zokolola, kukula kwa zipatso, komanso kuletsa kukula kwa matenda, peyala iyenera kudulidwa. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe njirayi imachitika pobzala: nthambi za mmera zimafupikitsidwa ndi 1/3 ya kutalika. Izi zimathandizira kuyika korona mwachangu. Peyala ya Nick tikulimbikitsidwa kuti idulidwe chaka chilichonse kumayambiriro kwa masika masamba asanayambe kuphuka. Ngati mphukira wachotsedweratu, hemp sayenera kutsalira. Nthambizo, zomwe zipatso zimatsikira pansi ndikugona pamenepo, zimachotsedwanso. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengowu umafunikira kuonda chaka chilichonse - osalola kukula kwa korona. Ingosiyani mphukira zolimba ndi zowongoka, ndikuchotsa zofooka ndi zopindika. Chepetsa sichikhala choposa 1/4 cha kuchuluka kwa nthambi.
Pakudulira, nthambi zimadulidwa kuti zisale kuti zikhale
Ngati peyala ya Nick sinadulidwe, ndiye kuti koronayo imawululidwa mwachangu, ndipo zipatso zimakhala zochepa.
M'chaka choyamba mutabzala mmera wa mitundu yambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha maluwa ambiri. Njira imeneyi imathandizira mtengo wopulumuka. Muzaka zotsatirazi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa theka la zipatso zokhazikitsidwa zokha, zomwe zimafikira mainchesi ochepa. Cholinga chotsatira njirayi ndi kugawa mbewu. Zotsatira zake, zipatso zomwe zimatsalira pamtengowo zimalemera kwambiri, ndipo mtengowo umakonzekera bwino kuzizira.
Peyala ya Nika imafuna kudulira kwapachaka, komwe kumakupatsani kusintha zokolola, kukula kwa zipatso, kumalepheretsa kukula kwa matenda
Ngakhale kuti mtundu wa Nika ndiwopanda chisanu kwambiri, kuteteza malo obiriwira osachisanu ndi chisanu ndi kutentha kwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulch bwalo lozungulira ndi mahatchi humus. Kuphatikiza apo, shtamb iyenera kuvekedwa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu, mwachitsanzo, Agroteks. Mwanjira imeneyi, mtsogolomo ndikotheka kuteteza mitengo posinthana ndi njereza.
Kanema: momwe mungachepere peyala
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Malinga ndi boma, boma la Nika siligwirizana ndi nkhanambo komanso septoria. Ngakhale chitetezo chokwanira sichili bwino, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse njira zomwe zitha kupewa mavuto onse. Izi ndi monga:
- kuvala kwa mtengo pamwamba pake, komwe kumalola kuthana ndi matenda mosavuta;
- kutsatira miyambo yothirira, popeza dothi lonyowa ndi malo abwino olimbikitsira fungal tizilombo;
- kudulira munthawi yake nthambi, kuyeretsa masamba ndi zipatso zakugwa, komanso kukumba mitengoyo kumathandizira kuti ziwonongeko zambiri za chisanu mu masamba, nthaka ndi nthambi zowonongeka;
- kupukutira kwa thunthu ndi nthambi za mafupa okhala ndi matope a laimu pofuna kuteteza ku tizirombo ndi makoswe;
- kuyang'anira mtengowo pafupipafupi ndi matenda, ndipo ngati atapezeka, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyenera.
Ndemanga Zapamwamba
Nick adadzala mmera wazaka ziwiri. M'nyengo yozizira yoyamba, mtengowo unazizira pang'ono, ndipo kasupe wotsatira sanaphuke. Koma patatha chaka chimodzi, linachira kwathunthu, ngaleyo idaphukira ndipo ngakhale idapatsa mbewu yaying'ono. Ndiye kuti, adayamba kubala zipatso mchaka chachinayi cha moyo. Zipatso zimayimbidwa kumapeto kwa Seputembala, siziboweka. Mapeyala ndi okoma, okhala ndi zamkati zokongoletsera zabwino komanso kukhudza kwa nati. Zidasungidwa kuti ndizisunga miyezi 1.5-2 zokha, popeza ndilibe yosungirako yapadera. Ngakhale kulimbana ndi nkhanambo kumanenedwera pakufotokozera mitundu, mchaka chatha ndidawona mawanga ang'onoang'ono pazipatso zina za Nicky. Zikuwoneka kuti kukana matenda ndi mitundu ndikutayika pang'onopang'ono, motero kupewa kuyenera kuchitidwa.
Igor Viktorovich
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Tili ndi peyala ya Nick yomwe imamera munyumba yachilimwe. Anayamba kubereka zipatso mchaka chachinayi. Nthawi iliyonse yophukira timadula nthambi zopyapyala ndipo peyalayo imakula m'lifupi ndi kasupe, ndipo m'dzinja imapatsa zipatso zambiri. Manyowa ndi chisakanizo chomwe chimaphatikizapo: phulusa, chernozem, mbuzi, kavalo ndi manyowa a ng'ombe. Chikhalidwechi ndi chosazindikira, koma chimakonda dzuwa. Timakhala ku Krasnodar Territory, motero peyalayo imalekerera chisanu chochepa kwambiri. Chaka chachisanu ndi chimodzi chikukula.
Anthony
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Pear Nika ndi njira yabwino yolimiririra paminda yazomera payokha komanso m'mafamu. Popeza mtengowo umadziwika ndi kakulidwe kake, ndikofunikira kugwira nawo ntchito yonse mukakolola ndi kusamalira. Ngakhale maubwino angapo a Nicky, wamaluwa amamuyamika chifukwa chodzikongoletsa komanso zipatso zabwino zomwe zasungidwa nthawi yayitali.
