Fern, kapena nephrolepis (lat Nephrolepis) ndi mtengo wokongola kwambiri wokongoletsera, umene umadziwika ndi alimi onse chifukwa chobzala panja, komanso pakati pa wamaluwa omwe amawabzala m'menemo. Komabe, kawirikawiri eni eni ake amakhumudwitsidwa chifukwa masambawo amatembenukira chikasu ndipo amauma maluwa kapena, monga momwe amachitira mu zomera izi, dziwe. Ngati mumayang'ana pamitu yodziwika bwino ya olima amaluwa a maluwa, ndiye kuti izi ndizovuta kwambiri. Ndipo zifukwa zomveka kuti njokayo imakhala yachikasu, imakhala mwachisamaliro cholakwika.
M'nkhaniyi talemba mndandanda wa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika pamene mukukula chipatso chamakono kunyumba ndikukwiyitsa matenda a chipinda cha fern. Powapewa, mungathe kuyembekezera kuti Nephrolepis idzakusangalatsani ndi masamba ake obiriwira kwa nthawi yaitali.
Mukudziwa? Kuwonjezera pa zokongoletsera, fern imatsuka mpweya mu nyumba kuchokera ku zinthu zovulaza ku thanzi laumunthu, kumasulidwa pomaliza zipangizo ndi mipando, makamaka, formaldehydes, toluene ndi xylene.
Chifukwa chiyani masamba a fern akutembenukira chikasu, zolakwitsa
Nephrolepis amatanthauza zomera zosadzichepetsa ndi kukula msanga mitengo. Kawirikawiri amalekerera mkhalidwe wa chipinda - chinyezi, kutentha. Komabe, pali nthawi yomwe duwa likufunikira kuthandizidwa kuti ligonjetse zovuta kapena kuthana ndi matendawa. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pa nyengo yochepa, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yotentha kapena itangotha kukwanira.
Ngati mwadzidzidzi munazindikira kuti chipinda chanu chinayamba kuoneka choipa kwambiri, kukula bwino, masamba ake amatembenukira chikasu ndi owuma, tikukulangizani kuti muyese ngati mukuzisamalira bwino ndikusunga bwino.
Ndikofunikira! Nephrolepis ikhoza kutenga nthawi kuti izolowere zachilengedwe zatsopano, mwachitsanzo, mutagula kapena kuika. Choncho, chomera chokhala ndi zaka ziwiri ndi zitatu chidzatenga miyezi 1.5-2 kuti ikhale malo atsopano. Kwa achinyamata sapling nthawi imeneyi adzakhala yaitali.Zolakwitsa zazikulu pamene mukukula, zomwe zikhoza kukhala chifukwa chomwe feri amauma kunyumba, ndi:
- kumwa madzi okwanira kapena okwanira;
- vuto la kutentha kolakwika;
- kusakwanira kwa mthunzi wa mpweya m'chipinda;
- Kuwala kokwanira kapena kupezeka kwa chomera popanda dzuwa;
- kudya mopitirira muyeso kapena kosayenera.
Kuthirira molakwika ndi kupopera mbewu zomera
Chifukwa chodziwika chifukwa masamba owuma mu chipinda cha fern ndi madzi osayenera. Ndiko kusoŵa kapena kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chimakhudza kawirikawiri maonekedwe a chomera.
Ngati duwa limakhala ndi madzi amphamvu, ndiye kuti masamba otsika adzasanduka chikasu, ndipo nsonga zawo zidzasanduka zofiirira ndi zouma. Pa iwo, komanso mizu, maonekedwe a nkhungu, zowola. Pambuyo pake, mabombawa adzagwa.
Ngati mchere ulibe okwanira, maluwawo adzakuwonetsani mwa kuletsa kukula kwa masamba ndi chikasu chawo. Adzawoneka akuwongolera, othawa, osayenera.
Ngati mumayamba kuda nkhaŵa kuti fern ya mkati imalira, chinthu choyamba chimene muyenera kuchita ndikusintha njira yoyenera kuthirira. Pamene mukukula nephrolepis, muyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito kuti mukhale ndi nthaka kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi. Sitiyenera kudutsa, koma chomera sichimalekerera zowonjezereka kwa chinyezi.
Mukudziwa? Zomera zomwe zimakula m'miphika ya ceramic zimafuna kuthirira mobwerezabwereza kuposa zomwe zimapezeka m'mapulasitiki.
Fern akumwa madzi kwambiri kumapeto kwa kasupe, chilimwe, ndi kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, ndiko kuti, pa nthawi yapadera yotentha. Kaya chomera chimafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse chimatsimikiziridwa ndi chikhalidwe cha nthaka - ngati chingwe chokwanira chauma, ndiye chiyenera kukhala chodetsedwa. Nthawi zambiri m'nyengo yachilimwe, fern ayenera kuyimitsidwa kamodzi pa masiku awiri kapena atatu.Kuthirira m'nyengo yozizira kumadalira kutentha kwa mkati. Ngati nyumba ili yotentha, ndiye kuti maluwawo amawathira mofanana ndi m'chilimwe. Pa kutentha kozizira, kuthirira kumachitika kawirikawiri komanso pang'onopang'ono. Nthaŵi yambiri ya nthaka yomwe imamera m'nyengo yozizira idzakhala kamodzi pa sabata.
Ndikofunikira! Kuthirira kumapangidwa kokha ndi kutentha bwino kapena madzi amvula.Kusintha koteroko pa maonekedwe a fern, monga chikasu, ku Browning, ndiyeno mapulaneti ophulika amasonyeza kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira kwambiri, ovuta kapena ochotsera madzi okwanira.
M'nyengo yotentha, zomera zimalimbikitsidwa kuthirira madzi madzulo, ndi kuzizira - m'mawa. Muyeneranso kusaiwala kumasula nthaka pokhapokha mutapangidwanso pamtunda mutatha kuthirira.
Fern amakonda kupopera mankhwala tsiku lililonse kapena pa tsiku limodzi. Amaperekanso madzi ofunda otentha. Kupopera mbewu kumathandiza kuti chomeracho chichotse fumbi pamasamba ndikuwongolera mlengalenga.
Ndikofunikira! Zaletsedwa kupopera mbewu nthawi yomwe dzuwa limalowa pamasamba ake. Izi zingayambitse kutentha, zomwe ndi chifukwa chomwe masamba a fern amatembenukira.
Kulephera kutsatira zofunikira za kutentha ndi chinyezi
Kulakwitsa kwachiwiri kofala pamene mukukula fern ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi cha mlengalenga chosasankhidwa molakwika kwa zomwe zili. Pamene masamba a chikasu ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwa zomera, samalani ndi zinthu zomwe zili m'nyumba yanu ndi zizindikiro zoyenera.
Zotonthoza kwa nephrolepis zimatengedwa zizindikiro zotentha:
- m'nyengo yozizira - 16 ° C;
- m'chilimwe - 22 ° С.
Ngati kutentha kumadutsa 25 ° C, m'pofunika kuwonjezera kuchulukitsa kwa kupopera mbewu pamtunda kuti muthe mpweya mu chipinda. Masamba achikasu ochokera kumunsi amasonyeza kuti fern ndi yotentha ndipo muyenera kuyisuntha pamalo ozizira.Pochepetsa chingwe cha mercury pa thermometer mpaka mlingo wa 12 ° C, ndi bwino kuchepetsa chiwerengero ndi kuchuluka kwa ulimi wothirira.
Tinazindikira kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tafalikira ndikufa - ichi ndi chizindikiro chodziwika kuti chomera chimakhala chozizira: kaya kuchokera kutentha kutsika kapena pakamwa madzi ozizira.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati masamba apansi a fern ndi otuluka chikasu ndi nthawi, ndiye izi ndizochitika zachilengedwe. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kungowachotsa.Zomwe zimafunika kuti chinyezi chizikhala pamwamba - osachepera 60%. Pomwe mpweya wake umakhala wouma, ndipo kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, amakuwonetsani izi choyamba mwa kuyanika nsonga za masamba, ndipo posakhalitsa, ndi fulu lonseli. Komanso pamasamba m'mikhalidwe yotere amaoneka ngati mawanga.
N'zotheka kupeza zizindikiro zabwino, kupopera mankhwala nthawi ndi nthawi nthawi ziwiri (m'mawa ndi madzulo) kwa kupopera mankhwala tsiku limodzi.
Nthaŵi yotentha kwambiri, osambira m'nyengo ya chilimwe amalimbikitsidwa, koma pofuna kuteteza madzi kuti asalowe mu gawo lapansi, amadzaza ndi pulasitiki kapena thumba. Mafinya amamva bwino, ngati chidebe chimene chimakula chimayikidwa pa pakhomo ndi dothi lonyowa, mchenga kapena peat. Mu nyengo yotentha, duwa liyenera kuchotsedwa kutali ndi mabatire.
Kuponderezedwa kapena kusowa kwa feteleza
Zojambula zosapangidwe bwino zingayambitse matenda ambiri mu fern. Manyowa ndiwofunika pokhapokha pa nthawi yogwira ntchito - kuyambira kasupe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Izi ziyenera kuchitika masabata awiri kapena atatu. Mlingo wovomerezeka wabwino umachepetsedwa kawiri kapena katatu. Kuti feteleza zikhale zoyenera ndi fetereza iliyonse yokongoletsera zomera.
Popeza nthawi yotsala ya nephrolepis imagwa mu October-February, m'pofunika kuyimitsa kudya kulikonse kuyambira mu October mpaka kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Ngati chomeracho chikutha, siyani kukula, izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa chakuti alibe zakudya, kapena mphamvu yakhala yochepa kuti ikule mizu. Fern ayenera kumera kapena kuikidwa mu mphika waukulu.
Zolakwa posankha kuunika
Chifukwa china chochepetsera zokongoletsera za masamba a nephrolepis ndizosaunikira kokwanira kapena kuwonetseka kwa nthawi yaitali kwa chomera kuwunikira dzuwa.
Fern amakonda kupatsa kuwala, mumthunzi kukula, mwinamwake, kukana. Kuwombera kwachangu kumachitika maola angapo patsiku, nephrolepis yambiri sidzapulumuka. Kuwonjezera apo kuunikira kumakhudza kwambiri kukongola kwa duwa - masamba ake adzatha ndipo ali opusa.
Ngati fern ndimauma, ndikulimbikitsanso zomwe mungachite pazochitika zoterozo, muyenera kuwonjezera kayendetsedwe ka maluwa kumpoto kapena kummawa, kumene kuli bwino.
Nchifukwa chiani mafinya ndi mazenera amawoneka pa masamba a fern, zirombo zazikulu ndi matenda omera?
Komanso, mukamachita chikasu kapena kuwona zipsyinjo zina, chikhomo pa flue, m'pofunika kuyesa duwa la tizirombo ndi matenda. Mukadziwika, m'pofunika kuti mutengepo nthawi yomweyo. Komabe, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti ndi kubzala ndi kusamalira bwino, chiopsezo cha infestation cha fern ndi chochepa kwambiri.
Home fern tizirombo
Matenda owopsa kwambiri a fern ndi scythe. Mwatsoka, chomeracho sichisonyeza nthawi zonse za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo patangotha kanthawi pang'ono, pamene matendawa akufika pachimake, mafamu amayamba kufooka ndi kugwa. Imodzi mwa mavuto omwe amapeza pozindikira mlingo ndikuti amakhala pamunsi mwa timapepala ndipo nthawi zambiri sitingadziwike ndi spores za zomera. Masamba okhudzidwa ayenera kudulidwa pamodzi ndi tsinde. Shchitovok amachotsedwa mwachitsulo, kuwapaka ndi burashi. Chomeracho chimachiritsidwa ndi "Aktellik" (madontho 15-20 / 1 l madzi).
Komanso, chifukwa chowuma nyumba, amatha kukhala kangaude, omwe amachititsa kuti ayambe kuyamwa kuchokera ku chomera ndipo amakonda kupanga makombero. Masamba amafota, atembenukira chikasu ndikugwa.
Ndi kuthirira kosayenera mizu kungapeze nematode. Pachifukwa ichi, kupatula duwa ndi mankhwala a "Aktellik" kungathandize.
Ngati chipindacho ndi mpweya wouma kwambiri, fern ingagonjetse aphid, whitefly. Ndi matenda amphamvu amathandiza kupopera mankhwala "Aktellik", "Karbofos", "Aktar" ndi mankhwala ena. Chikasu cha masamba chimayambitsa ndipo mealybug
Matenda a fern
Kutentha kotentha ndi kuthirira mowa kwambiri kungayambitse matenda a fungal, monga imvi yofiira, bowa wakuda, ndi zina zotero. Matendawa akawoneka, sikuchedwa kuti apeze zambiri za momwe angachiritse chipinda cha fern. Ndibwino kuteteza chonde pa nthawi yake kuchokera ku thanzi labwino, kuti mupewe matenda. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa fungicides kungakhale kopanda ntchito.
Kulimbana kwakukulu pa nkhaniyi kudzakhala kuteteza maonekedwe a matenda - kusunga malo oyenera a dothi ndi mpweya, komanso nyengo yabwino.
Chifukwa chiyani masamba a fern amatembenukira chikasu atatha kuika
Chinthu chofunikira kuti chisamaliro cha fern chikhale chosakanizidwa. Ndibwino kuti muzichita izi chaka chilichonse mu April-May Mbewu isanakwane zaka zitatu. Pambuyo pake - kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Pamene kuziika posankha mphamvu yochulukirapo. Siziyenera kukhala zozama, koma mokwanira, zing'onozing'ono kuposa mizu ya mbewu.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nephrolepis sizimasintha njirayi mofulumira komanso mofulumira. Amasowa nthawi kuti awonetsedwe mawi atsopano. Zomwe mungachite ngati mutangotulutsa fern, ndipo anayamba kuuma? Choyamba, nkofunika kupereka chomeracho ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zimakondweretsa, ndikudikirira miyezi ingapo - pamene izo zimasinthasintha.
Ngati mutenga nthaka ndi mphika molondola, nkofunika kumvetsetsa kuti kusintha kosavuta kwa zinthu kumapangitsa kusintha kwa maonekedwe a fern - kotero ndizosamveka chifukwa chakuti zidasokonezeka. Pano, muyenera kuchotsa masamba owuma.
Ndikofunikira! Pakuika mosamala kwambiri ndikofunikira kukhala ndi nsonga za wai, chifukwa ndi apo pomwe kukula kukupezeka. Ngati zowonongeka, masamba sadzakula ndipo posachedwa adzafota.Nthawi zina ndi zizindikiro zakunja zimakhala zovuta kudziwa chomwe chomeracho chikusoweka ndi chifukwa chake fern ya nyumba imakhala yachikasu. Zinthu zolakwika zingathe kuvulaza maluwa. Ndiye nkofunika kuwachotsera iwo mmodzi ndi mmodzi ndi pang'onopang'ono, kupanga zinthu zabwino kwa chiweto chawo.
