Clivia ndi chomera chobiriwira nthawi zonse kuchokera ku banja la Amaryllis. Itha kupezeka munkhalango zowala za South Africa, komanso ngati chomera - padziko lonse lapansi. Masamba okongola obiriwira amdima komanso opindika, ofanana ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, maluwa ali ndi chithumwa chodabwitsa. Maluwa amachitika ndimakonda kusinthika, koma popanda icho, masamba opendekera masamba ambiri ndi okongola kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, liavia ndi wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi wosazindikira komanso wosavuta kusamalira.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Clivia ndiwosatha wokhala ndi nthochi yopanda nthambi. Mosiyana ndi nthumwi zambiri za banja la Amaryllis, mbewuyo ilibe mababu. Komabe, sitha kutchedwa kuti Rhizome yathunthu.
Masamba akulu amtundu woyandikana amakhala moyandikana wina ndi mnzake. Amakula mu ndege zomwezo moyang'anizana. Ngakhale mbewuyo ilibe tsinde, mphukira yaying'ono imapangidwa kuchokera ku masamba. Kutalika kwa malo ampingo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 40-60. Masamba obiriwira a xiphoid okhala ndi mawonekedwe owala kwambiri ndi otanuka. Amatha kuwerama mosavuta. Kutalika kwa pepalalo ndi 40-75 masentimita, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi masentimita 5-8. Mphepete mwa pepalalo ndi lochepetsedwa ndipo mbali yammbali ndiyosalala. Nthawi zina masamba amakhala ndi mpanda wosazungulira m'mbali mwa mtsempha. Chaka chilichonse, masamba 5-6 amawonjezeredwa ndi malo ogulitsira.
Nthawi zamaluwa zimagwa pa febru-Marichi. Mzere wokhazikitsidwa ndi nthiti 20-25 masentimita umatuluka pakatikati pa mtengo wotsekera masamba.Pamtunda wake, mpaka masamba 30, womwe umatulutsidwa mu ambulera inflorescence wozungulira masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Maluwa mu mawonekedwe a mabelu okhala ndi ma petals asanu ndi limodzi amatsegulidwa ndikusangalatsa eni mpaka milungu itatu. Mitundu yawo yamtengo wapatali ndi yofiira, lalanje kapena yapinki. Pakatikati pali stamens ndi ovary yayitali. Maluwa amaphatikizidwa ndi kutulutsa fungo lamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Imagwira mendulo yosakanizirana ya vanila, nutmeg, rose ndi udzu. Pambuyo kupukutira, chipatso chimapsa - mabulosi amtundu.
Mitundu yamagulu
Clivia siosiyana kwambiri. Mitundu imangophatikiza mitundu itatu yokha.
Clivia Gardena. Masamba a tapeworm ataliatali amakula mpaka 50 cm. Malo awo obiriwira obiriwira amaphimbidwa ndi mizere yofanana. Mphepete mwa tsamba limalozedwa. Pa bedi lolunjika pamiyala, mabelu ofiira ang'onoang'ono amatulutsa. Amasonkhanitsidwa mu maambulera inflorescence mpaka masamba 15. Maluwa amatulutsa nyengo yachisanu.
Clivia cinnabar (miniata) kapena machungwa a lalanje. Masamba ofiira ngati amtundu wakuda wobiriwira amakula mpaka 70 cm. Maluwa ofiira ofiira omwe amakhala ndi chikasu pachikunjachi amasonkhanitsa ambulera yapamwamba. Muli ndi masamba 20. Maluwa amachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika. Ndiwo mtundu uwu womwe umakonda kwambiri maluwa a maluwa panyumba ndipo wakhala maziko a mitundu yokongoletsera.
Clivia ndi wokongola. Mtundu wophatikiza kwambiri umakula kutalika kwa masentimita 30. Umapanga duwa lakuthwa la masamba x xididi wokhala ndi m'mphepete. Pa maluwa onenepa okwanira 30-50 masentimita, maluwa 40-60 amatha kuphuka. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi belu ndi chubu chaching'ono amawajambula mu salmon kapena red tint. Mtundu uliwonse wamakhoma korona wakuda. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 2 cm.
Zambiri Zofalitsa
Clivia ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu kapena mwachilengedwe. Ngakhale mbewu zodzikula zokha komanso zotuta zimakolola bwino. Asanafesere, kubzala zinthu kumawaviika tsiku limodzi m'madzi ofunda. Mbewu zotupa zimagawidwa m'mabokosi ndi mchenga ndi dothi la peat. Mutha kuwonjezera ma turfy lapansi ndi perlite. Mbewu zimapangidwa m'matanthwe okuya mpaka masentimita awiri. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi filimu ndikusungidwa pansi pazowunikira komanso kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Nthawi zonse nyowetsani nthaka ndikuchotserera.
Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa miyezi 1-1.5. Zomera zokhala ndi masamba awiri mumayenda pansi m'miphika yosungiramo masamba odzaza ndi masamba a humus, sod ndi dongo. Mbande zimamera pang'onopang'ono. Maluwa ayenera kuyembekezeredwa pambuyo pa chaka chachisanu cha moyo.
Wamaluwa wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amafalitsa magulu a zipatso. Komanso, chomera chachikulire chimapatsa ana nthawi zonse. Mukabzala, mosamala kwambiri, chotsani mbewuyo mumphika ndikuyimasulira pang'ono panthaka. Njira zoyambira (ana) zimalekanitsidwa mosamala. Kuti zikule bwino, ayenera kukhala ndi masamba 4 kapena kupitilira. Zomera zobzalidwa mumiphika yaying'ono ndi dothi la anthu akuluakulu. Poyamba, kuthirira kumachitika kawirikawiri, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya kumachulukitsidwa pang'ono. Maluwa amayembekezeka kuchokera zaka 3-4.
Zinsinsi Zosamalira
Duwa la Clivia silikukula mwachilengedwe. Komabe, pakati pa chomeracho, chomwe chimakakamizidwa kuti chikhale ndi moyo, komanso chodzaza ndi moyo, choyimira chamaluwa, pali kusiyana kwakukulu. Kuti mumvetsetse, muyenera kuyesetsa pang'ono.
Kuwala Clivia amafunikira chipinda chowala chowala. Miseu mwachindunji imayambitsa kuyaka ndi kuwonongeka kwa masamba. Maluwa amatha kusungidwa kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwawindo, komanso kukhazikitsidwa mu chipinda chakumwera. Ndikusowa kwa kuwala, magulu ena amasiya kutulutsa.
Kutentha Zomera zimayamba bwino kutentha pa + 20 ... + 25 ° C. M'masiku otentha, muyenera kumalowetsa chipinda pafupipafupi, koma simungathe kusiya dongosololi. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti nthawi yopumula ndiyotani. Kuti muchite izi, liavia imasamutsidwa kuchipinda chozizira kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa + 12 ... + 14 ° C. Pambuyo pa miyezi ingapo yazinthu izi, muvi wamaluwa umatuluka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yakwana yoti mubwererenso ku malo ofunda (+ 18 ... + 20 ° C).
Chinyezi. Mtengowo suumirira chinyezi cha mlengalenga ndipo umasinthasintha mosavuta pamikhalidwe iliyonse. Masamba osalala amayenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse kufumbi kapena kutsukidwa. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofewa kuti pasakhale madontho a mandimu.
Kuthirira. Clivia dothi sikufunikira kuti ikhale yonyowa mopitirira muyeso. Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo, osasunthika madzi. M'nyengo yozizira amachepetsedwa kwambiri. Kwambiri madzi ambiri chomera pa budding ndi maluwa. Madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito oyeretsedwa bwino, otentha kuposa kutentha kwa chipinda.
Feteleza. Pakubwera kwa masamba, magazvia amadyetsedwa kawiri pamwezi ndi mchere wama mineral wokhala ndi zochepa za nayitrogeni. Pakutha kwa chilimwe, kudyetsa kumayima.
Thirani Clivia rhizome ndiwachifundo kwambiri. Amakhala ndi chidwi ndi kuwonongeka kulikonse komwe kumayambitsa matenda komanso kusowa kwa maluwa. Chifukwa chake, kumuika kumachitika pokhapokha ngati kuli kofunika, mizu itayamba kutuluka mumphika. Duwa limamverera bwino mchidebe cholimba. Zida zowongolera zimathiridwa pansi (dongo lokulitsidwa, miyala yamiyala, shards). Kugulitsa lokha kumachitika ndi njira yofalikira. Malo opanda kanthu mumphika amadzazidwa ndi dothi losakanikirana lotere:
- dziko la turf (magawo awiri);
- land sheet (mbali ziwiri);
- mchenga wamtsinje (gawo limodzi).
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Clivia amakhudzidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus (powdery mildew, grey rot). Matendawa amakula makamaka poterera, kusunthira kwa madzi munthaka komanso kutentha pang'ono. Kuti chithandizire kuthana ndi matendawa, chimayenera kuikidwa mu dothi latsopano, lopanda zotsalazo, komanso kuthira dothi ndi zomerazo ndi bowa (Champion, Topaz). Pakati pa majeremusi a ma squiga, nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo tambiri ndi mealybugs ndizothandiza kwambiri. Tizirombo titha kutola ndi dzanja kapena kuthandizidwa ndi tizilombo (Actellik, Aktara). Mankhwalawa amadziwitsidwa malinga ndi malangizo ndikuthakathira pa korona, ndikuthiranso m'nthaka. Zimalowa mu msuzi, mankhwalawo amawapangitsa kukhala oopsa. Tizilombo timadyera masamba ndikufa.
Kufalikira kwamagulu
Zomera zathanzi chaka chilichonse zimaponyera peduncle ndi maluwa ambiri osalala. Nthawi zambiri mivi ingapo imawonekera pachitsamba kamodzi. Gulu lachiwonetsero ngati silimatulutsa, ndikofunikira kusintha chisamaliro. Onetsetsani kuti mwapereka nthawi yopuma ndi zinthu zabwino. Nthawi yonseyi mufunika kuyatsa kwambiri. Muvi wa maluwa utawonekera, musasinthe zikhalidwe zomwe wamangidwa ndikusunthira mbewu, apo ayi masamba atha kugwa popanda kuphulika. Kukulitsa kukula kwa duwa la maluwa ndi maluwa zimathandizira mwachangu kuwonjezera kutentha kwa madzi kuthirira.
Nthawi zina mkhalidwe wopsinjika umathandizira kukulitsa mawonekedwe a maluwa. Duwa limayikidwa m'chipinda chamdima komanso chozizira kwa masiku angapo. Ngakhale maluwa onse atapendekera, kuthirira ndi kuvala pamwamba kumapitirira mpaka kumapeto kwa chirimwe. Zotsatira zake, maluwa amatha kubwereza.
