Maphikidwe a kukula kwa tomato atatha kusankha, kuthekera kwa mavuto ndi njira zothetsera mavuto

Ngakhale kuti njoka yoipa ikulimbana ndi kasupe kakang'ono kuti apeze ufulu wawo, mawindo a wamaluwa ali kale ndi zobiriwira ndi mphukira zazing'ono.

Mphukira yamtengo wapatali imakonzedwa ku kuwala, miphika, nthaka, feteleza zakonzedwa. Ziphuphu zamtsogolo. M'nkhaniyi, tiyesera kukuuzani momveka bwino komanso mwatsatanetsatane za momwe izi zikusinthira.

Mudzaphunzira momwe mungasamalire tomato aang'ono mutatha kusankha, ndi mavuto ati omwe mungakumane nawo, komanso, momwe mungathetsere.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pamapiko atasambira?

Kuti tiyankhe funso ili ndikumvetsetsa mtundu wa chisamaliro chomwe zomera zimenezi zimafuna, tiyeni tiwone zomwe amasankha?

Thandizo. Kuwombera mbande kuchokera ku zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitsuko imodzi kapena kuchokera ku chidebe chazing'ono kumatchedwa pick.

Malingana ndi wamaluwa, kuthamanga kumathandizira pa chitukuko cha mizu. Pambuyo pochita ndondomeko yoyenera, tomato amamva bwino, koma akulimbikitsidwa. Ena mwa malo atsopano sangakhale mizu. Zomera zimakhala ndi mizu yofooka, ndipo kusankha kumachitidwa mosamala kwambiri. Kuwonongeka kwazing'ono kwa mizu kumatsogolera ku imfa ya kamera kakang'ono.

Choncho, nthawi yosankha kubzala pansi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mbande, kuwapatsa mphamvu kuti ikule ndikupanga njira zothana ndi matenda a zikhalidwe za phwetekere.

Kukula ndi kusamalidwa mutatha kuika

Mwamsanga mutatha kuika, mbande ayenera kuthirira madzi., kuti nthaka idalande mizu, ndi kuchotsa mbande m'malo osungira mthunzi kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu. Iyi ndi nthawi ya kusintha kwa mbeu kumalo atsopano.

Chinsinsi cha phwetekere mbande ndi kulemekeza kutentha ndi kuwala kwake, panthaŵi yake ndi okwanira kuthirira, kudyetsa ndi kuumitsa.

• Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukula mbande ndi 16 - 18 ° C masana; usiku 14 mpaka 15 ° С.
• Kuunikira kumaphatikizidwa bwino ndi phytolamps, makamaka nthawi yamvula. Tsiku lowala pa mbande liyenera kukhala maola 12-14. Nyali ziyenera kukhala pamwamba pa kuyera yunifolomu ya mbande zonse. Pofuna kuteteza mbande kuti zisatuluke masana, ndikofunikira kufotokozera mbali zosiyanasiyana za mbande ku dzuwa.
• Ndi bwino kudyetsa mbande katatu:
  1. Nthawi yoyamba siinali yambiri kuposa sabata - ziwiri mutatha kusankha. Ngati dothi lidawongolera palokha, ndiye kuti limamera ndi phulusa. Ngati mbandezo zidakonzedwa mu nthaka yokonzedwa bwino, ndiye kuti poyamba zimaperekedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Panthawiyi, mbande zimayamba kukula masamba, ndipo amafunikira zakudya zina ndi nitrogen ndi phosphorous (Superphosphate). Ngati mphukira ikhale yochuluka, ndiye kuti nayitrojeni iyenera kuchotsedwa.
  2. Chachiwiri chimadyetsa masabata awiri kuchokera koyamba feteleza (manyowa, manyowa, nkhuku, ndowe).
  3. Kuvala kachitatu kumapangidwa masabata awiri asanabzala pansi kapena wowonjezera kutentha ndi feteleza mchere. Chenjezo liyenera kulipidwa ku potaziyamu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapangidwe a maluwa omanga thupi apangidwe.

  Pofuna kupewa, mukhoza kuthirira mbewu osati madzi wamba, koma ndi mphamvu yofooka. Supuni imodzi ya mankhwalayo imasakaniza ndi madzi owira pang'ono. Unyinji umapindikizidwa ndi malita awiri a madzi. Izi zikhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Kuthira madzi okwanira 100ml kuchepetsedwa m'madzi imodzi, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi.

• Kupweteka kwa zomera kumachitika mutatha kudyetsa masabata awiri musanadzalemo pansi. Mbewu zimayikidwa choyamba ku galasi lokha, kumene kuli kozizira madigiri angapo. Patapita masiku angapo mutsegule zotsegula. Ndipo pa siteji yachitatu amakatengera kubwalo loyamba kwa maola awiri ndiyeno tsiku lonse.

Kenaka mukhoza kuyang'ana kanema pa momwe mungasamalire mbande mutatha kusankha:

Mavuto angakhalepo

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timayambitsa matenda a tomato, titha kukhala m'nthaka, kapena tipeze mbande kuchokera ku zomera zina zamkati.

Nchifukwa chiyani amatha?

Kusintha

Kuyambira pamene akunyamula zomera zovuta, ndiye masamba otsala pang'ono mu masiku angapo adzapeza mawonekedwe awo oyambirira. Panthawiyi, akhoza kutsanulidwa ndi njira yowonjezera yowonjezereka yothandizira komanso yothandizidwa ndi masamba a Epin.

Kutsika kapena kutentha kwakukulu, ma drafts

Tomato - thermophilic chikhalidwe. Choncho, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kusintha kwa kutentha. Kutentha kokwanira ndi 18 ° C masana ndi madigiri angapo otsika usiku. Mbande imatuluka pafupi ndiwindo la galasi, komwe nthawizonse imakhala yozizira.

Tomato musalole kuti drafts, kotero musanamweke mbande pawindo, sungani mipata yonse mu mafelemu. Ngati masamba afota ndi kupota, zimasonyeza kuti tomato amatha kutaya kwambiri. Mizu, pokhala ndi malo ochepa, sangathe kudyetsa masamba onse kutentha. Ndipo pamene mukuzizira, mizu sichikuthandizani kufufuza zinthu kuchokera m'nthaka.

Nthaka yosasamala

Ngati masamba a mbande akhale osaya ndi achikasu, ndipo mitsempha imakhalabe yobiriwira, ndiye chomeracho sichikhala ndi nayitrogeni. Sizowonjezeka kudyetsa ndi nitrojeni imodzi kuti tipewe nyemba. Kudyetsa ayenera kukhala mchere wambiri. Kuchuluka kwa mchere kumabweretsa kutentha kwa muzu komanso kupanga mapangidwe a nthaka. Izi zimalepheretsa kupeza mpweya ku mizu. Ndikofunika kuchotsa kutsetsereka koyambitsa ndikutsanulira njira yothetsera.

Kupanda kapena kuwonjezera kuwala

Poyera, photosynthesis imasiya.. Chomeracho chimawomba ndi kutembenukira chikasu. Tikulimbikitsidwa kukonzekera zomera kuti tipeze kulumikiza kwa mmera uliwonse wa masana, ndi kuwonjezera kuunikira kwina.

Kuwonjezera kwa kuwala kumachititsa tsamba kutentha, chikasu ndi kuphulika. Kupezeka kwa zakudya za m'nthaka kumachitika mumdima. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusintha mawonekedwe a kuwala.

Kuthirira kolakwika

Mbande zokhwima pamtunda wotsika ndi gawo lapansi zimatengera ku matenda ngati kuvunda. Mbande zodwala sizikhoza kupulumutsidwa. Masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndi kugwa, mmera ndi kugwa. Muyenera kufalitsa mwamsanga mbande zabwino ku nthaka yatsopano.. Musanayambe kuika, pangani mizu ndi potaziyamu permanganate.

Chipinda chadothi chodetsedwa chimayambanso kuuma kwa mbewu.

Nthaka iyenera kukhala yothira mkati, ndipo malo osanjikiza ayenera kukhala ndi nthawi yowuma. Ndiponso Ndiyenela kuonetsetsa ngati mabowo akusungidwa.

Fusarium

Ngati dothi silinayambe kutayika musanatenge, chifukwa cha mbeuyi ndi fusarium - matenda opweteka omwe amakhudza mitsempha ya zomera.

Lembani masamba achikasu, ndiye mmera wonse. Ngati chomeracho sichiri chachikasu, chimaikidwa m'nthaka yosasamalidwa.. Ngati zilizonse, ndiye zimachotsedwa kuti zisapatsire mbewu zina zonse.

Bwanji osakulira?

Kusambira kolakwika

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimachititsa kuti phwetekere zisamalire. Kuwonongeka kwa mizu ya chomera panthawi yopatsa, kuchotsa mizu kapena kupindika kwake, komanso maonekedwe a mpweya wozungulira mizu kumathandiza kuti mizu ikhale mizu ndikukhala pamalo atsopano. Ndibwino kuti mudye chakudya.

Malo osakonzekera

Dothi lakuda la acidic limayambitsa kudodometsa. Mbande ziyenera kuikidwa mu nthaka yoyenera. Kupezeka kwa chinthu choterocho monga chitsulo kumachepetsanso kukula kwa mbande. Kuthira ndi microelements kumafunika.

Mavuto otentha

Poyamba, kutentha kwa nthaka sikulola kuti munthu adye chakudya kuchokera m'nthaka, zomwe zimawombera kumangidwa.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Kangaude, kufalikira kuchokera ku zomera zina zamkati, zimatha kuchepetsa kukula kwa mbande. Polimbana nalo, yambani chomeracho ndi karbofos, aktellik ndi fitoverm.

Muzu kapena zowola zowononga zidzasiya kukula kwa mbande, ngati chomera sichimaikidwa m'nthaŵi, kudula mzere wa mbewuyo mu njira ya manganese.

Pa mavuto alionse, matenda a tomato, komanso njira zothandizira, gwiritsani ntchito njira yothetsera ulimi wothirira.

Chifukwa chotani chikugwa?

Kuwala kosauka

Kulephera kwa kuwala m'mizere yambiri ya mbande, komanso kuunika kosafanana (kokha kumbali imodzi) kumapangitsa kuti zomera zifufuze kuwala, ziyamba kutambasula. Phesi imakhala yochepa kwambiri ndipo mbande imakhala pansi pa kulemera kwa masamba. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kuwala ndi koyendetsera zomera.. N'zotheka kukhazikitsa zojambulajambula pamaso pawindo.

Malo osasamala

Mitengo yodzaza ndi nayitrogeni imapanga kukula, ndipo imatulutsidwa kwambiri.

Matenda

Osavuta matenda a phwetekere mbande - mwendo wakuda. Tsinde limayamba kutembenuza wakuda, woonda, zomera ndikugwa.

Chenjerani! Matendawa ndi ofunda, omwe angathe kupha mbewu zonse mufupikitsa.

Mitengo yodwala imachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Nthaka imathiridwa ndi pinki yothetsera potassium permanganate, Fitosporin, Alirin. Pambuyo pake, tomato sayenera kuthiriridwa kwa sabata, nthaka iyenera kuuma.

Monga mukuonera, kukonzekera bwino ndi kukonzekera kolondola kukupulumutsani mphamvu zambiri, mitsempha ndi nthawi m'tsogolomu ndipo mumasangalala kusonkhanitsa zipatso za ntchito yanu. Zida zothandizira kupewa matenda ndi imfa ya mbande. Samalani ndi mbeu. Ndipamwamba kwambiri mbewu zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti ndizokolola zambiri.