Zinyama zambiri zimavutika ndi kulowa m'matumbo awo.
Ngakhalenso nkhuku zitha kukhala chonyamulira cha tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda oopsa. Kwa matenda ngati amenewo, akatswiri amaphatikizapo kokha chabe.
Prostogonymoz ndi matenda a trematode omwe amapezeka mu mbalame zonse zakutchire, koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu nkhuku.
Mu oviduct, mbalame zimayamba kuthetsa nyongolotsi za parasitic, zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa.
Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa amachitilidwa bwino, koma mwapamwamba kwambiri, nthawi zambiri imakhala chifukwa cha imfa ya nkhuku.
Kodi nkhuku zokha ndi zotani?
Zotsatira zoipa za tizilombo pazinthu za nkhuku zinaphunziridwa kale kwambiri.
Odyetsa mbalame anayamba kuzindikira kuti nkhuku zawo zimachepa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa chachinthu china chake ndipo zimafa mwezi umodzi.
Kufa kwadzidzidzi sikungathandize koma kufunsa mafunso pakati pa akatswiri, choncho mitembo imeneyi inafufuzidwa bwino.
Phunziro lawo, zinaonekeratu kuti mphutsi za parasitic zinakhazikitsidwa mu oviduct mbalame, zomwe zinayambitsa imfa yawo.
Trematodes sichimayambitsa imfa. Nkhuku zowononga nkhuku zinawonetsa mankhwala kuchokera ku ntchito yofunikira, yomwe imayamba kuvunda mu oviduct, pang'onopang'ono kumatsogolera ku kutupa.
Izi zimathandiza mlimi kuzindikira nthawiyi ndikuchiritsa, mpaka nthawi yayitali kwambiri.
Apo ayi, famuyo ikhoza kuwonongeka, chifukwa nkhuku silingathenso kunyamula mazira, kenako imafa mwamsanga.
Amayambitsa matendawa
Prostogonimosis imayambitsidwa ndi mphutsi ya parasitic trematodes, yomwe ili ya mtundu wa Prosthogonimus.
Mwa izi, nyongolotsi zowopsya komanso zofala kwambiri ndi Prostogonimus ovatus ndi Prostogonimus cuneatus kuchokera m'banja Plagiorchidae.
Amakhala mu thumba la chikwama ndi mbalame oviduct, zomwe zimayambitsa moto.
Mphutsi zokha zimakhala ndi thupi lophwima ndi lokhala ndi peyala.. Kutalika kwake kumafikira 3-6 mm, ndipo m'lifupi - 1-2 mm. Miyeso imeneyi imawalola kuti izindikiridwe ngakhale pothandizidwa ndi galasi lokulitsa pofufuza ziwalo za mkati mwa mbalame yakugwa.
Mitundu ya Trematodes, yomwe imayambitsa matendawa, imayika mazira m'thupi la nkhuku zodwala. Pang'onopang'ono, mazira awo amamasulidwa ku chilengedwe kudzera mu cloaca.
Monga lamulo, mazira awo amatsiriza "kucha" m'madzi. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, malingana ndi kutentha kwa madzi, trematode mazira amalowa mollusks, kumene mapangidwe a mphutsi amatha.
Kuchokera m'thupi la mollusk, mphutsi za trematode zimalowa m'matumbo a mphutsi za dragonfly, madzi amoyo, kumene amasandulika kukhala mawonekedwe apakati.
Mukamadya dragonflies, nkhuku imatenga kachilomboka. Mu oviduct, mphutsi za mphutsi mu 1-2 masabata zimakhala anthu akuluakulu, kupitiriza kuika mazira ndi kudyetsa phindu la wolandira.
Nkhuku Fireball ikhoza kukhala chitsimikizo chabwino kwambiri cha nyama kwa inu, kupatulapo, iwo ndi odzichepetsa ku zamoyo.Kuti mudziwe za matenda monga mbalame paratyphoid, dinani apa ndi kuwerenga nkhaniyo.
Zochitika ndi zizindikiro
Prostogonimoz pang'onopang'ono imadutsa nthawi zingapo za chitukuko.
Pa nthawi yoyamba, nkhuku zimawoneka bwino, koma zimakhala ndi "kuyaka" mazira.
Matendawa amatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, kenako mkhalidwe wa nkhuku umayamba kuwonongeka kwambiri.
Nkhumba zodwala zimakhala zovuta, nthawi zonse kukhala pamalo amodzi kapena kugwiritsira ntchito nthawi yawo yonse, osayesa kuyesera dzira.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, nkhuku zimadya bwino kwambiri, zimakana kudya chakudya chilichonse, nthenga zawo zimadetsedwa komanso zonyansa. Mutu wa anthu ofookawo ndi owopsa, mimba yamimba imalepheretsa. Gawo ili la matendali likhoza kukhala kwa masiku 7.
Gawo lotsiriza la prostagonymose limadziwika ndi kutentha kwa thupi, kutsika kwakukulu kwa mphamvu. Kumbuyo kwa thupi la nkhuku kumatulutsidwa kunja kwa mawonekedwe a mbiya, zomwe zimalepheretsa nkhuku kuyenda bwinobwino.
Pa kulumpha kwa mimba, nkhuku imayamba kugwedezeka, zomwe zimapweteka kwambiri. Patadutsa masiku atatu, mbalame yotero imamwalira.
Trematodes amayamba kulengeza mwatsatanetsatane kumbuyo kwa oviduct, ndipo pambuyo pake m'kati mwa mapuloteni. Ndi ma spikes awo, omwe amagwiritsira ntchito kuti agwirizane ndi makoma a ziwalo za mkati, mphutsi zimavulaza oviduct ya mbalame, zomwe zimachititsa kutupa.
Pambuyo pake, ntchito yonse ya nkhuku ya mapuloteni ndi gland, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti "mazira" aziponyedwe, zimakhumudwitsidwa.
Zosokoneza
Kufufuza kwa prostonogony kumakhazikitsidwa pa kufufuza kwa zizindikiro za matenda, matenda a epizootological, ovoscopic ndi helminthological studies.
Ngati pakhomo nkhuku zambiri zimayamba "kutsanulira" mazira, kenako zimasiya kuika mazira, zizindikiro za kutupa kwa oviduct zimaonekera, ndipo matenda omwewo amapezeka, ndiye akatswiri ali ndi zifukwa zomveka zoti mbalame zimakhala ndi gonoma yosavuta.
Matendawa angatsimikizire kukhalapo pafupi ndi nkhuku ya nkhuku komwe angakhalemo mphutsi za dragonfly.
Kufufuza molondola kungapangidwe chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa mbalame zakugwa. Kuti muchite izi, kudula kumachitika ndi mucous membrane ya oviduct, ndiyeno katswiri amafufuza zinthu zowonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi kapena microscope.
Chithandizo
Kuchiza mankhwala ophweka carbon tetrachloride.
Pachifukwa ichi, mlingo wa mankhwalawa umasiyana ndi 2 mpaka 5 ml pa mbalame, malingana ndi msinkhu wake komanso chikhalidwe chake.
Mbalame imalandira mankhwalawa kudzera m'kamwa kamene kali ndi sirinji ndi chubu yampira. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muyambe kumwa mankhwalawa mwachindunji mu goiter ya matenda.
Komabe, musanayambe kulandira chithandizo cha mbalame, mankhwalawa ayenera kuyesedwa pa zigawo 20. Ngati amalekerera mankhwala moyenera, ndiye angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mbalame zina. Pakuti kuledzera ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayamba kufa.
Pambuyo pa chithandizo chotero, nkhuku zofooka zimasungidwa muzipinda zapadera kwa masiku asanu. Palibe chifukwa chake mbalame iyenera kuloledwa kupita kwinakwake ndikuyenda m'madzi. Pamene mbalameyo ikukhala mu aviary yatsopano, mlimi ayenera kupanga kukonzanso kwathunthu kwa zinyalala kuti asapezekanso.
Kupambana kwa chithandizo cha minofu yosavuta kumadalira nthawi yomwe matendawa amayamba.
Ngati nkhuku zimayamba kulandira mankhwala panthawi yoyamba ya matendawa, ndiye patangopita masiku ochepa ubweya wa eggshell umabwezeretsedwa, ndipo nkhuku imayamba kuyamba kupeza mphamvu. Ngati chithandizochi chinayambika m'gawo lachiwiri, mazirawo akhoza kubwezeretsedwa kokha pambuyo pa masiku khumi ndi awiri.
Ponena za msinkhu wa matendawa, mbalameyi ndi yosatheka kuchiza, ndipo imafa.
Njira zothandizira
Musanayambe ulimi wa nkhuku, nkhuku yobala nkhuku ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti palibe zinyama ndi madzi omwe ali pafupi.
Ngati palibe malo ena pa famu, ndiye kuti izi ziyenera kuchitidwa.
Zigawo zopanda phindu za matendawa palibe chifukwa chomasula nkhuku m'nyumba mwamsanga mvulakomanso mu maola angapo oyamba mvula itatha.
Pa nthawiyi, zida zonsezi zimakhala pansi, kotero mbalame zimatha kuzipeza ndikudya. Nthawi yotentha ya tsikuli amayesa kuthawa, kotero zimakhala zosavuta ku nkhuku.
Pankhani iyi, zinyalala zilizonse sizingangowataya. Iyenera kukhala yotetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kutsiliza
Prostogonimoz ndi matenda owopsa oika nkhuku za mtundu uliwonse. Mafinya amayamba chifukwa cha kutupa mu oviduct, zomwe zimalepheretsa nkhuku kusenza mazira apamwamba.
Matendawa amawonetseratu mwamsanga ndalama zomwe zimapezeka m'munda wa nkhuku, choncho mwiniwake wa ziweto amayenera kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga kuti adziwe kuti matendawa ndi oyamba kuti athe kuchepetsa dzira komanso kufa kwa mbalame.
