Dzuŵa limatchedwa mfumukazi ya maluwa, ndipo kukongola kwake kakang'ono kumakula pang'onopang'ono pawindo. Mitundu yosiyana siyana ndi kukoma kwake kosangalatsa sikusiya aliyense. Ndi ubwino wake wonse, pali drawback imodzi. Maluwa mu miphika ndi opricious. Chinsinsi chomwe chingakuthandizeni kukula chitsamba chabwino, ndi maluwa okongola, kudyetsa nthawi yake.
Nchifukwa chiyani duwa mu mphika imasowa feteleza?
Panthawi yomwe masamba amaikidwa, duwa limafuna zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kudyetsa bwino komanso kwakanthaŵi yake kumafunika, chifukwa kumadalira kukula kwa masamba, chiwerengero cha maluwa komanso kukula kwa chitsamba. Zotsatira zabwino ndizophatikizapo zowonjezera ndi zowonjezera mavitamini.
Nthawi zambiri mungawonjezere kunyumba?
Mutangotenga maluwa, musafulumire kudyetsa. Duwa limafuna kusintha. Poyamba, rosette imakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira chomwe chili kale mu nthaka. Patatha mwezi umodzi, chomeracho chimapereka chakudya choyamba. Manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakapita masiku khumi ndi anai, kusinthasintha pakati pa mchere ndi makompyuta.
Kudyetsa kumabwerezedwa patapita masabata awiri, malinga ndi zosowa za zomera. Pamaso pa feteleza, maluwa ayenera kuthiriridwa.
Khwerero ndi Ndondomeko Malangizo Opanga Zakudya Zakudya Zakudya
Kodi njira yabwino kwambiri yodyetsera duwa m'chaka, chilimwe ndi yophukira?
Momwe mungameretse maluwa zimadalira makamaka zosowa za duwa lokha. Chofunika kwambiri pa kukula kwa maluwa - nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi zina.
- Asitrogeni. Chifukwa cha nayitrogeni, chomeracho chimawonjezera mtundu wake wobiriwira ndipo chimapanga mphukira zamphamvu. Manyowa a nayitrogeni angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyambira March mpaka July.
- Potaziyamu. Potaziyamu ikufunika kuti nthawi yowonjezera ikhale yochepa komanso kuti maluwa asagwe. Iye ali ndi udindo wa mkhalidwe wonse wa chitsamba ndipo amapereka gawoli kuyambira June mpaka October.
- Phosphorus. Phosphorous ndi amene amapanga mizu yatsopano, imakhudza kukula kwa masamba ndi nambala yawo. Ngati chomeracho chikusowa phosphorous, ndiye kuti maluwa sangathe kuchitika. Kudyetsa phosphorous kungatheke kuyambira May mpaka Oktoba.
Kuti mudziwe kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimafunika maluwa, muyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi yambiri imakhala yotani.
| Kudyetsa nthawi | Feteleza |
| Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, zaka khumi zoyambirira za March | Poyambitsa kudya, mchere wabwino kwambiri wa feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni wambiri (ammofoska, nitrophoska kapena feteleza wapadera). Manyowa amadzipukutira m'madzi ndipo zomera zimathiriridwa ndi njira yothetsera. |
| March-April | Yachiwiri kudya imapangidwa 2-3 masabata mutatha, pamene masamba akuwonekera. Mukhoza kudyetsa feteleza, monga yisiti kapena malonda omwe ali nawo malonda. Kuvala kachitatu kumapangidwa ndi feteleza yofanana ya roses, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito yoyamba kuvala. Ndikofunika kusinthana pakati pa mchere ndi zowonjezera mavitamini. Nkofunikanso kuti nthawi zonse muzidyetsa foliar (spray plant). Pachifukwa ichi, kuyamwa kwa zinthu zothandiza ndi 2 nthawi mofulumira. |
| May-June | Kuyambira May, rosi imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza okhala ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Mwachitsanzo, potaziyamu sulphate, superphosphate kapena wapadera kwa maluwa. Manyowawa akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi kapena padera. Kudyetsa kumabwereza milungu iwiri iliyonse. |
| July | Pitirizani kudyetsa chomera ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Mu July, ndifunikanso nthawi zonse kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. |
| August-September | Mu August, nayitrogeni fetereza imaletsedwa. Chomeracho chimadyetsedwa ndi feteleza zokha, zomwe zimakhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. |
| October-November | Malo okhala okonzeka m'nyengo yozizira. Mankhwalawa amapangidwa ndi phosphorous. Kupaka zovala kumabweretsa 1 nthawi mu masabata awiri ndikuyamba pang'onopang'ono kusiya. |
Kugwiritsa ntchito maonekedwe okonzeka
Kawirikawiri popanga chakudya chokonzekera bwino, osakaniza osakaniza, makamaka opangidwa kuti azitha maluwa. Mukhoza kuzigula m'masitolo apadera. Manyowa otsirizidwa ali ndi zinthu zonse zofunika mu mawonekedwe oyikira. ndipo musanagwiritse ntchito liyenera kuchepetsedwa m'madzi.
Mitundu ina ya zosakaniza imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga kudya kwa foliar. Potaziyamu sulphate ndi imodzi mwa mchere wambiri wamchere, woyenera mitundu yonse ya m'nyumba zamaluwa. Izi ndi zovuta za zigawo za potashi ndi phosphorous, zomwe zimaperekedwa mwa njira yoyenera. Zonse zomaliza zimakhala ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito.
Kodi ndikuti zingagulitsidwe kuti?
Manyowa ovuta angagulidwe m'masitolo apadera kwa wamaluwa. Iwo ali granular, madzi kapena mawonekedwe a ufa. Njira zamadzimadzi zimakhala zodula kwambiri kuposa zowonjezera.
Mwachitsanzo:
- Ku St. Petersburg, m'modzi mwa masitolo, chimbudzi cholemera masekeli 30 chimadya 30 rubles, komanso feteleza yosakaniza ndi madzi okwanira 500ml. Zimatenga 324 ruble.
- Chikhalidwe chomwecho chikuwonetsedwa m'masitolo akuluakulu. Choncho thumba la ufa wouma, lolemera magalamu 25 limatenga mabala 25 okha, ndi botolo lomwe liri ndi yankho la 330 ml. adagulitsidwa ndi ruble 145.
Feteleza wopangidwa ndiwekha
Nthaŵi zambiri, mavitamini omwe amadzipereka okhawo amakhala ochiritsira. Manyowawa amathandiza kwambiri nthaka. Amadzaza ndi nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu. Phosphorous, sulfuri, magnesium, calcium ndi zinthu zina zilipo muzinthu zofunikira. Zotchuka kwambiri ndi malo a phulusa, khofi, yisiti ndi ena ambiri.
Banana peel
Manyowa opangidwa kuchokera ku banana peel ndi othandizira kuti apite kunyumba.
Njira yophika:
- Mabala a tizilombo (3 zidutswa) amathiridwa mu mtsuko wa lita imodzi, kuwonjezera supuni 2 za shuga ndi kutsanulira m'madzi ofunda.
- Limbikirani masiku 2-3, nthawi zina kugwedeza.
Kuthirira ndi njira yothetsera vuto lirilonse milungu iwiri.
Kuchokera ku yisiti
Kuti mupange feteleza, izi ndi chida chosavuta kupanga.
Njira yophika:
- 50 magalamu atsopano kapena 1 gramu ya yisiti yowumitsa imadzipiritsa mu lita imodzi ya madzi ofunda ndi kuwonjezera supuni 1 ya shuga.
- Zotsatirazi zimayikidwa m'malo otentha kwa maola awiri.
Kutaya masamba kamodzi pa masabata awiri. Pakati pa maluwa, kudya kwa foliar sikuchitika..
Zolakwa zingatheke pamene mukudya ndi zotsatira zake
Kusefukira
Alimi ambiri amaganiza kuti fetereza imakhala yabwino kwambiri. Musamawerenge malangizo oti mugwiritse ntchito kapena "kutsanulira ndi diso." Izi zimabweretsa zotsatira zowawa. Kulephera kugwirizana ndi nthawi kapena feteleza kumabweretsa matenda, ndipo nthawi zambiri mpaka imfa ya maluwa wokondedwa.
- Kudyetsa ndi nitrojeni kudzachititsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yathanzi komanso yokonzekera bwino, koma sipadzakhala maluwa kapena maluwa ochepa.
- Mukamapitirira phosphorous masamba kutembenukira chikasu ndikugwa.
- Kuchuluka kwa feteleza mu mphika kumatsogolera ku kuwotcha kwa mizu ndi zomera zimamwalira.
Kutaya mphamvu
Kuperewera kwa zakudya zimakhudzanso chikhalidwe cha maluwa.
- Kukula kwa chitsamba chotero kumachepetsanso, masamba apansi amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa.
- Zimayambira zimakhala zoonda, ndipo maluwa amakhala ochepa kapena ayi.
- Phosphorous akuwombera, ndipo masamba amakhala ofiira.
Sankhani zinthu zomwe zikusowa, zotheka ndi maonekedwe a duwa. Masambawa ali ndi madontho ofiira pamene mbewuyo ilibe nayitrogeni, ndipo kusowa kwa magnesium kumabweretsa mdima wa pakati pa tsamba, lomwe kenako limatha.
Kusintha maganizo
Ngati chomeracho chiri ndi zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa micronutrient. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- mdima wa tsamba;
- kukhudzidwa ndi matenda;
- kugwa kwa masamba.
Izi zimapanga chakudya chowonjezera. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mizu komanso kudyetsa foliar.
Pamene mukudyetsanso zomera, kusintha kofulumira ku nthaka yatsopano ndikofunikira.. Palinso njira yowonjezera yowonjezereka. Izi ndizomwe zimapangidwira feteleza kuchokera ku nthaka mothandizidwa ndi madzi. Njirayi imangokhala ngati nyumba ili yotentha. Phika ndi chomera chimamizidwa mu chidebe ndi madzi ofunda kwa maola 6-8. Kenaka perekani madzi kuti abwerere ndikubwezeretsanso maluwa kumalo ake oyambirira.
Kusamalira bwino komanso kudyetsa nthawi zonse kumathandiza kukula maluwa abwino kwambiri. Chinthu chachikulu ndikutsatira ndondomekoyi komanso chipinda chimadzayamika mwiniyo ndi mawonekedwe okongola.
