Petunia ndi wachikale wochokera ku banja la nightshade. Malo okhala zachilengedwe ndi South. Amereka Komabe, nthawi zambiri imabzalidwa m'minda ya Russia. Kuti maluwa athe bwino, mbewu za mbewu zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zimere mbande.
Madeti obzala mbewu zapamba
Kubzala kumachitika mkati mwa Januware. Mphukira zazing'ono zimafunikira kuwala kwambiri. Itha kuperekedwa ndi phytolamp. Pakakhala kuunikira kofunikira, tchire limakhala loonda komanso lofooka, sangathe kupirira matenda osiyanasiyana.
Ngati sizotheka kukhazikitsa zida zowunikira, dikirani ndikutsitsa mpaka nthawi ya masana ikhale yokwanira (Marichi-Epulo). Ndikofunikira kuti musalimbane ndi iyo kuti mawonekedwe a maluwa sanachedwe. Petunia ayamba kupanga masamba atatha miyezi 2 mpaka 2 mpaka 2.
Kusankhidwa kwa Mbewu za Petunia Zakumera
Sankhani mbewu zapamwamba zokha. Kenako kukonzekera koyambirira sikofunika. Simungagule mbewu kwa ogulitsa odziwika pang'ono.
Mbewu zimagulitsidwa m'njira ziwiri: mwachizolowezi komanso mu granules. Poyamba, ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo chachiwiri sizingamere chifukwa cha chipolopolo (nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika ndi kuthirira kofowoka).
Dothi lofunikira la mbande za petunia
PH yotsika kapena malo osalowerera amafunikira. Gawo laling'ono kuti musankhe madzi otayirira, opatsa thanzi, osunga bwino madzi.
Kusakaniza kwa dothi kungagulidwe ku malo ogulitsira. Mwachitsanzo, konsekonse nthaka Stender. Musanabzale, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera gawo logulidwa (gawo pa theka la ndowa):
- 500 g wa phulusa;
- 250 g perlite;
- 1 tbsp potaziyamu sulfate.
Kusakaniza kwa dothi kumapangidwa modziyimira pawokha. Otsatirawa ali osakanikirana ndi gawo la 2: 2: 1: 2:
- humus;
- turf;
- mchenga;
- peat.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga, dothi laminda, peat gawo (1: 1: 2).
Mukakonza dothi, liyenera kudutsidwa ka 2 nthawi imodzi (poyamba mpaka yayikulu, kenako kudutsa). Musanabzale, tsanulirani Previkur kapena potaziyamu permanganate yophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kusankha kwa kufesa kwa petunias
Ndikofunikira kuti musagwiritseko muli zida zazitali kwambiri. Zotheka kuchita:
- Mapiritsi a Peat ndi abwino komanso othandiza. Mtengo wawo ndi wokwera kwambiri, koma ndi woyenera.
- Ma Cassette - osakhala otsika pamubwino woyamba. Muli magulu osiyanasiyana, chifukwa petunias mainchesi 10 amalimbikitsidwa.
- Zotengera za pulasitiki ndizotengera zotchipa komanso zotchuka.
A Dachnik adalangiza: njira zachinyengo za kumera mbeu za petunia
Mbewuzo ndizochepa, motero wamaluwa abwera ndi njira zosiyanasiyana kuti aphunzitse kufesa. Chinyengo choyamba:
- Thirani dothi losakaniza mumtsuko, kuchokera pamwamba pa 0,5 cm.
- Dzazani danga lotsalira ndi chisanu.
- Fesani mbewu m'mizere, ndikuwona mtunda wa 2 cm.
- Phimbani ndi pulasitiki wokutira.
- Pambuyo kuluma mbande, chotsani pogona.
Njira yachiwiri (ku nkhono):
- Gulani gawo locheperako lamoni (2 mm) m'malo ogulitsa chilichonse.
- Ikani njerezo m'mizere, ndikubwerera kutali ndi 2 cm.
- Phimbani ndi pepala la kuchimbudzi ndikutsanulira kuchokera ku botolo la kutsitsi lopopera.
- Pindani ndi mpukutu, valani ndi ulusi.
- Ikani m'chipinda chofunda.
- Mbewu zikaoneka, mumasuleni chovalacho ndikuthira pansi.
- Pakatha sabata, ikani mabokosi, ndikusiya mtunda wa 7 cm.
Njirayi imakulolani kuti musunge malo ndikupeza mbande zolimba.
Petunia kusamalira mmera
Mphukira zimatha kuwonedwa pambuyo pa masiku 5-6. Pellets imamera masiku 1-2 m'mbuyomu. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe mphukira ikufunika chisamaliro chofunikira, chifukwa ali onenepa komanso ofowoka.
Mulingo woyenera kukula
Mukatsatira malangizowa pansipa, kukula mbande sikungakhale vuto:
Choyimira | Zochitika |
Kuwala | Masiku oyambira 5-6 - kuzungulira koloko. Ndiye okwanira 11-12 maola. Ngati chipindacho chili chakuda, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zounikira. Ayenera kukhazikitsidwa 20 cm pamwamba pa mphukira. Dzuwa dzuwa limatha kuwotcha amadyera. Chifukwa chake, masana, zitsamba zimapanga mthunzi kapena kuchotsa pawindo. |
Kutentha | Mukabzala, makulidwewo ndi + 22 ... +25 ° C. Ndi kuchepa kwake, mbande sizingathenso, ndikachuluka zimayamba kupweteketsa. Mukamaliza kuphukira, muchepetse mpaka + 18 ... +20 ° C (masana), + 14 ... +16 ° C (usiku) kuti muume. Izi zitha kuchitika ndikusunthira miphika kutali ndi zida zamafuta zogwira ntchito, podutsa chipinda. Potsegula mazenera kapena mawindo, petuniayo imayenera kutengedwa kupita kuchipinda china. |
Kuthirira | Masiku 7 kuti utsi ndi njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate (1-2 r. / Day.). Mphukira zomwe zimawoneka zimamwe madzi tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndikosatheka kupitiliza mbande, izi zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi mwendo wakuda. Kupanda chinyezi kudzaphwetsa tchire. Madzi azikhala ofewa, osakhazikika, osachapira, kutentha (makamaka thaw). Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira kotsika. Itha kuthiridwa pamakoma a poto kapena kulowetsedwa ndi syringe pansi pamizu. Masana hydrate imatha kuvulaza tchire tating'ono. Chifukwa chake, mumvula amafunika kuthiriridwa madzi asanadye, komanso kutentha pambuyo. |
Feteleza | Ngati mbande ndi yofooka kwambiri, kuwaza kangapo ndi Epin, Heteroauxin ndi ena otukula kukula msanga musanadutse. Pambuyo pa masiku 6 mpaka 7 kuchokera kuluma mphukira, pangani zosakanikirana za mchere. Bwerezani kudyetsa pambuyo masabata 1.5. |
Kutola mbande za petunia
Kunyumba, mbande zimakhala ndi miyezi ingapo. Munthawi imeneyi, nthangalazi zimamera mwamphamvu, mbewu zimafunikira kumizidwa m'miphapu 200-250 mg. Mabowo okumba amafunikira pansi.
Kutola kumapangidwa pambuyo pakupanga masamba awiri ndi atatu a masamba:
- Kusuntha tchire ndi transshipment. Ndi mizu yomwe muyenera kusamala kwambiri, sangasokonezedwe.
- Dzazani tulo ndi nthaka ndikunyowa.
- Dothi likakhazikika, onjezerani gawo limodzi.
- Mthunzi kuchokera ku cheza cha UV.
- Pakati pa sabata, sungani kutentha kwa + 18 ... +21 ° C.
Zofesedwa m'mapiritsi a peat, mphukira zimasinthidwa ndikuyikidwa muzibetcha chimodzi. Nthawi zina tchire limamera mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo limayenda m'madzi kawiri.
Tsinani mbande za petunia
Zofunika pokonzekera. Tsinani mapepala anayi kapena asanu. Muyeneranso kuthyola pamwamba pa tsinde ndi malo okula. Chifukwa cha kuwongolera kotere, nthambi yatsopano ikayamba kukula kuchokera ku zolakwika zobiriwira, maluwa adzachulukana.
Nthambi mu ampel mitundu ndizofooka. Kutsina sikungathandize kuwapanga kukhala okongola kwambiri, chifukwa chake sikofunikira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta mbande
Monga lamulo, matenda ndi tizilombo timayambitsa mbande za petunia kokha ndi zolakwika posamalira:
Vutoli | Zifukwa | Njira zoyesera |
Chlorosis |
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Spider mite |
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Mwendo wakuda |
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Kukonzekeretsa mbande zonyamula pansi panthaka
Pambuyo pa madzi, tchire limafunikira kulimbitsa. Choyamba tengani kotala la ora, kuwonjezera nthawi tsiku lililonse. Siyani panja usiku wonse musanafike. Kuwongolera kuyenera kupitilizidwa kwa milungu ingapo. Kukhazikika pamalo otseguka kuyenera kuchitidwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe (pamene kuthekera kwa chisanu kukubwerera).