Matenda owopsa a fungus omwe amakhudza mbewu ndi zipatso za phwetekere ndi cladosporiosis. Matendawa ndi owopsa kwa nkhaka, kaloti, mabulosi.
Zimayambitsa mapangidwe a bulauni mawanga pamasamba. Amayamba kulimbana ndi matendawa chizindikiro choyambirira cha kuwonongeka. Chifukwa chake ndikotheka kutengera chitukuko cha matenda a fungus. Kuthana ndi njira zaulimi zokulira tomato, njira zodzitetezera zimalepheretsa misa yambiri ya tomato.
Cladosporiosis kapena bulauni mawanga a tomato
Matenda ofala omwe amafala msanga amakhudza masamba a mbewu, maburashi a maluwa, thumba losunga mazira, ndi zipatso zakupsa. Mawonekedwe a bulauni m'malo opatsirana spore. Chifukwa cha iwo, cladosporiosis imatchedwa bulauni la bulauni. Sichikhudzana ndi zimayambira, phwetekere yotayika, imayamba masamba. Mawonekedwe obiriwira obisika osakhazikika pansi amawonekera, kenako amayamba kuda.
Choyamba, kuyambira pansipa, kenako kuda, kofanana ndi dzimbiri, kumawonekera kumtunda kwa pepalalo. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, matendawa amafalikira mwachangu, m'masiku ochepa chomera chimatha kuvekedwa ndi mawanga.
Masamba ayamba kutembenukira chikasu, chitsamba chimataya thumba losunga mazira chifukwa chosowa zakudya. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhudza tomato omwe amakula m'nyumba.
Zosiyanasiyana zamatumbo zosagwirizana ndi cladosporiosis
Ntchito yosankhidwa ikuchitika nthawi zonse kuti ipange mitundu yolimbana ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa cadadosporiosis. Mitundu yabwino kwambiri yoswana ya tomato ya malo otsekeka (greenhouse, greenhouse, malo okhala filimu):
- pinki Paradise Paradise F1;
- Spartak F1 yofiira yapamwamba;
- Opera F1 wokhala ndi zipatso zazing'ono;
- Charisma F1 yosagwira ozizira;
- Kulimbana Kwa Ndimu F1;
- wamtali Marissa F1;
- wodabwitsika, osafuna kuti pakapangidwe chitsamba Bohemia F1 cha hotbed.
Amaberekawa amapanganso mitundu yosakanizidwa yomwe siimakhudzidwa ndi matendawa pakulima kwakunja. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mbewu zosakanizidwa zimatha kukhala zikhalidwe za mitunduyo pamtundu womwe udaziwitsidwa. Pofuna kubereketsa, mbewu zomwe zimagulidwa zimagulidwa chaka chilichonse, chifukwa si onse omwe amalowa ndi mikhalidwe yabwino atasonkhanitsa kunyumba.
Zophatikiza malo otseguka ndi nyengo yaying'ono yophukira:
- kucha kucha: Wofulumira ndi Wokonda F1, Olya F1 wosazizira;
- ochenjera: Msondo Wofiyira Wokhazikika wa F1, Ural F1 wokhala ndi zipatso zambiri;
- Mid-osiyanasiyana: Titanic F1, Space Star F1 yodziwika;
- nyengo yapakatikati: Nasha Masha F1 wosasamala, wachikasu wokhala ndi mavwende a Khrustik F1, wopangidwa ndi Vologda F1.
Pali tomato wosankhidwa angapo momwe mungatolere mbewu kuti mubzale: Chisangalalo cha Paradiso, Giant, Red Comet, Raisa, Eupator, Funtik, Vezha.
Zizindikiro za matenda
Pofuna kuteteza mbewu ya phwetekere, ndikofunikira kuzindikira matenda osokoneza bongo nthawi. Pakakhala masiku otentha, muyenera kuyang'ana mbewuzo nthawi zonse, kulabadira kumbuyo kwa tsamba. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amawonekera pagawo la ntchito yogwira, nthawi yamaluwa. Nthawi zina mawanga amawoneka pa mbande zomwe zakulidwa kunyumba - spores amalowa m'nthaka.
Zizindikiro zake:
- Madontho a imvi amawonekera kumunsi kwa pepalalo, akufanana ndi kuvunda kunjaku, pamwamba pake pamunsi papepala;
- choyamba, gawo lam'munsi la mbewu limakhudzidwa, cladosporiosis imayamba ndikutukuka;
- mawanga amdima, masamba azipindika.
Pamapeto omaliza, mawanga a bulauni akuda gawo lonse la tsamba, kufalikira mpaka zipatso, amakhala ofewa pamasamba lesion.
Zimayambitsa matenda a cladosporiosis
Zigawo za pathogenic zimanyamula ndikutuluka kwa mpweya, madzi. Kuwaza malo ndi chikhalidwe cha nkhaka, kaloti, sitiroberi, mitengo yazipatso. Ndikosatheka kudziteteza kwa iwo mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Zovuta zimatha kukhala pazovala, zida zamaluwa, zida. Pambuyo pofika pa tsamba, chikhalidwe cha fungus chimamera, chimadya pamaselo a mbewu. Conidia amapangika pa tsamba, amakhalabe ochita bwino mpaka miyezi 10, nthawi yozizira.
Mikhalidwe yabwino pakufalikira kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus: chinyezi m'chigawo cha 80%, kutentha pamwamba pa +22 ° C. Mafangayi nthawi zonse amasinthasintha, amatha kupatsirana miyambo yolimbana ndi matenda.
Chithandizo cha tomato kwa cladosporiosis
Chithandizo cha phwetekere chimayamba chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda. Njira zodzitchinjiriza zimasankhidwa kuchokera pamlingo wowonongeka. Choyamba, anthu osagwiritsa ntchito poizoni ndi mankhwala othandizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati chithandizo chotere sichingabweretse zotsatira, yambani kugwiritsa ntchito umagwirira. Asanayambe kukonza, zokolola zimakololedwa, zipatso zamipse zimacha. Pambuyo pa mankhwala, mbewu zimakhalabe poizoni kwa masiku 10.
Mankhwala
Pankhani yavulala kwambiri, chithandizo cha mbewu zomwe zili ndi fungicides yapadziko lonse lapansi ndizothandiza kwambiri, awa ndi Abiga-Peak, Bravo, Kaptan, NeoTek, Polyram, Polychom, Polycarbacin, HOM, kukonzekera kwa Tsineb. Mankhwalawa amathandizira malinga ndi malangizo, mankhwalawa awiri amachitika ndi gawo la sabata. Osanyalanyaza zida zodzitetezera: ndikofunika kuvala magolovu, kupuma. Pazolinga za prophylactic, ma fungicides owopsa sagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tomato yemwe amakula panthaka amapopera mankhwalawa madzulo, nthawi yochepa kwambiri ya njuchi, nyengo yofunda.
Zachilengedwe
Njira zozikidwa pazinthu zomera, mabakiteriya, mavufa a mafangasi sizivulaza tizilombo, sizikhala ndi zoopsa. Pofuna kuthana ndi cladosporiosis: Pseudobacterin-2, Strobi, Trichodermin, Fitolavin 300, Fitosporin, Effekton-O. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita prophylactic pansi pazinthu zabwino pakubweretsa matendawa.
Zithandizo za anthu
Pazolinga zopewera, kupopera mphamvu kwa seramu kumachitika, kumadzipaka ndi madzi 1:10. Kufalikira kwa matendawa kumalepheretsedwa ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nyumba.
Pa nsonga ya mawanga oyera, chithandizo chokhazikika ndi ayodini njira zimathandiza: madontho 15-20 amatsitsidwa m'madzi asanu malita ndi kuphatikiza 500 ml mkaka kuti muzitsatira bwino zamadzimadzi masamba. Pazakudya za foliar, onjezerani 15 mg ya calcium calcium.
Njira ya zamchere ya phulusa la nkhuni imalepheretsa kukula kwa bowa: 300 g imawonjezeredwa ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre, yankho limawiritsa kwa mphindi 10-15. Kuti akonze yankho logwira, madziwo amasinthidwa kukhala malita 10. Njira yothetsera vutoli imalemeretsa mbewu ndi potaziyamu. Njira yothira potaziyamu wa potaziyamu imakhalanso ndi zofananira. Kusanthula kumachitika m'mawa ndi madzulo mpaka zizindikiro za cladosporiosis zimatha kwathunthu.
Kulimidwa kumtunda pambuyo pa matenda
Njira yabwino ndiyokulitsa nthaka pambuyo kuthilira. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu kwa phwetekere, nthaka imakhetsedwa ndi mayankho a mabakiteriya achilengedwe. Phytosporin imagwira mawonekedwe owuma: amapukuta nthaka mozungulira tomato.
A Dachnik adalangiza: njira zopewa matenda a cladosporiosis
Njira yabwino kwambiri yopeweretsera matenda ndi kuphulika kwa kachilomboka. Mukatha kukolola, ndikofunikira kuti wowonjezera kutentha, zida zogwiritsira ntchito, zida, ndi trellis azichitira ndi Bordeaux madzi: yankho la vitriol ndi choko. Mwa njira, vitriol imasungunuka koyamba mu madzi ochepa otentha, kenaka imayikidwa mu yankho logwira ntchito.
Kubzala mbande pogwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha otayika. Zotsalira zonse zimatenthedwa; sizigwiritsidwa ntchito popanga manyowa. Kugwiritsa ntchito pompopompo miyala yopanda kanthu, ma imvi. Utsi umalowa m'malo osafikirika kwambiri.
Ndikofunika kuti muchepetse kutchera. Panthawi yotsanulira, zipatso zimayeretsedwa: zimachotsedwa ku burashi yoyamba, ndipo mbali zachikasu zimadulidwa. Ndikofunikira kutsatira njira zothirira: madzi amamwetsedwa mumtsinje woonda kulowa mumtondo wozungulira, womwe umakamizidwa pang'onopang'ono.
Chinyezi chimawonjezeka pang'ono ndi madzi awa. Mu nyengo yamvula, muyenera kuthirira pang'ono, kumachepetsa. Pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni, masamba ambiri amapangidwa. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayenera kukhala kokulira, koyenera. Pakulima, ndibwino kusankha mitundu yamatomayi yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
