Marjoram Kuyambira kale, anthu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito ngati zonunkhira, kupereka zonunkhira zokoma ndi zonunkhiritsa ku zakudya zambiri, komanso chitsamba chamankhwala, chomwe chimachepetsa dongosolo la mantha ndi kulimbitsa mtima wabwino. Choncho, kulima marjoram m'minda yakhala yotchuka lero.
Marjoram: kufotokoza za zomera za herbaceous
Maluwa marjoram (Orīganum majorāna) - Ndizitsamba zosatha, shrub, koma zimalimidwa chaka ndi chaka. Zambiri nthambi za mapesi a marjoram 30-50 cm kutalika kupanga shrub pafupi theka mita mita. Masamba ndi ochepa (1-2 masentimita), akhale ndi mawonekedwe ochepa. Ma inflorescences a marjoram amawotchedwa, shaggy, tuft, aang'ono ndi oblong. Zipatso za marjoramu ndizosalala, zosabala, zowawa ngati mazira.
Dziko lawo la marjoram limatengedwa kuti ndi Mediterranean ndi Asia Minor, koma lero zitsamba zikulima kulikonse. Asayansi ambiri amaganiza kuti marjoram ndi chomera chofanana cha oregano (oregano), chomwe chimachokera nthawi zambiri. Komabe, masamba obiriwira a marjoramu ali ndi kukoma kokoma komanso kosavuta kuposa ka oregano.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lakuti "marjoram" limatanthauza "zopanda malire" potembenuza kuchokera ku chinenero cha Chiarabu.
Kusankha malo otsetserekera kwa marjoram
Marjoram - chomera chowala kwambiri. Chifukwa chokhazikika kwake amasankha malo otetezedwa ku mphepo yamphamvu, dzuwa ndi kutentha bwino. Mthunzi ndi kulima marjoram kumtunda wotsetsereka kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa zokolola za mtengo wolimba ndi kuwonongeka kwa ubwino wa mafuta oyenera a marjoram.
Zosowa za nthaka
Chomeracho chimakonda kuwala, kutayirira, nthaka yokonzedwa bwino ndi laimu. Mchenga wa Sandy kapena loamy ndi oyenera, chifukwa dothi limeneli limapsa mtima kwambiri ndi dzuwa. Ndi bwino kudzala marjoramu pamalo omwe ankakhala ndi mbatata. Musanabzala, nthaka imamasulidwa kangapo ndipo gawo lapansi likuwonjezeredwa. Pachifukwachi, mungagwiritse ntchito humus kapena kompositi yokhazikika ndi urea ndi potassium sulphate (20 g aliyense), ndi 30-40 g wa superphosphate.
Kukula marjoram
Kukula marjoram sikovuta kwa aliyense wamaluwa, chifukwa chomera chiri chovuta kwambiri pa chinthu chilichonse. Choncho, munthu ayenera kuphunzira mosamalitsa zipangizo zamakono za marjoram ndikuzisunga mosamala. Masiku ano, mitundu iwiri ya marjoram imakula makamaka: masamba ndi masamba. Leaf marjoram ndi chomera champhamvu kwambiri chokhala ndi tsinde la nthambi zambiri komanso masamba olemera. Maluwa ali ndi tsinde lopanda chitukuko komanso maluwa ambiri.
Kukula marjoram ku mbewu
Marjoram amafalitsa zonse mu mbewu ndi mbande. Iyo imabzalidwa nthaka ikawomba bwino kwambiri. Kuti mukule bwino ndi kukolola, muyenera kukumba bedi kwa masentimita 20 masabata awiri musanadzale ndi kuwonjezera hafu ya chidebe cha gawo lapansi pa mita iliyonse ya nthaka. Pofuna kudzala marjoram, muyenera kusakaniza mbeu ndi mchenga wouma ndi kuzifesa mozama masentimita 1-1.5. M'lifupi pakati pa mizera ikhale 70 cm.
Zipatso zidzawonekera pa tsiku la 15-18 mutabzala.
Kukula mbande za marjoram
Mbewu ya Marjoram imabzalidwa mochuluka wothira nthaka, yomwe inayamba kuwonjezera gawo lapansi kwa chitsime chilichonse, komanso pobzala mbewu. Atapanga nyemba pamodzi ndi dothi lapansi, agone ndi nthaka, yaying'ono ndi madzi. Mbande zibzalidwa pamtunda wa 15-20 masentimita kwa wina ndi mzake, ndipo pafupifupi 50 masentimita achoka pakati pa mizere. Mbande imayamba mizu mu masabata 2-3.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji mbewu za marjoram?
Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa marjoram: mosamala kumasula nthaka pakati pa mizere, kuthirira madzi ndi kupalira. Mbeu itangotengedwa bwino (pafupi masiku 14-18 mutabzala), imodzi ya irrigations imaphatikizidwa ndi kuvala pamwamba. Pofuna kukonzekera kuvala pamwamba, muyenera kupukuta 15 g wa saltpeter mu 10 malita a madzi, ndalamazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mita imodzi imodzi ya bedi. Komanso amalangizidwa ngati feteleza chisakanizo cha urea ndi potaziyamu mchere wa 10 g ndi 20 g wa superphosphate.
Kololani marjoram
Kukolola kumachitika nthawi ya maluwa mu July ndi August. Gwiritsani ntchito mpeni kuti muzitha kudula masamba obiriwira, ndikusiya makoswe pa masentimita 1-1.5 Kuti mugwiritse ntchito mosungirako, marjoram imadulidwa pamagawo ngati mukufunikira. Pofuna kukonzekera marjoram zouma, dera lonselo limagwedezeka panthawi yomweyo.
Masamba osungunuka amasankhidwa ndi kuumitsidwa m'malo opumitsa mpweya kapena kumangiriridwa m'magulu ndi kupachikidwa mumthunzi. Pambuyo kuyanika, zipangizozo zimasankhidwa, kutaya masamba achikasu ndi oonongeka, ophwanyika, oikidwa m'makina okhala ndi zibokosi zolimba ndi kusungidwa m'malo amdima. Dry maram akhoza kusungidwa mu zotengera zosindikizidwa zaka zambiri, popanda kutaya zakudya ndi kukoma.
Ndikofunikira! N'zosatheka kuchoka ku Marjoram ku dzuwa kwa nthawi yayitali - izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta ofunikira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito marjoram
Chomera cha marjoram chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuphika monga zokometsera makamaka chifukwa chakutha kuwononga mafuta ndikuthandizira kutaya zakudya zazikulu.. Kuonjezera apo, chomera ichi ndi mbali ya mankhwala ena ogwiritsidwa ntchito mu cosmetology ndi mankhwala achipatala.
Zipatso za Marjoram zili ndi mafuta oyenera (kuyambira 1 mpaka 3.5%), zomwe zimakhala ndi fungo lokhazika mtima pansi, lofanana ndi tsabola, timbewu tonunkhira, cardamom ndi chamomile. Kuphatikizapo marjoramu ndi mavitamini a magulu A, B, D, vitamini C, lutein, folates, phytoncides, phenols, organic acids ndi mchere, zomwe zimayambitsa zothandiza zambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito marjoram pophika
Marjoram ikhoza kutchedwa kuti kupeza chophika, ndizopadera zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati zonunkhira. Ma masamba ake ndi maluwa amaikidwa mu mawonekedwe atsopano ndi owuma pafupifupi kudya iliyonse, iwo amadya okazinga. Kunyumba pakhomo, marjoramu imayanjidwa ndi nyama, supu, saladi, ndi zakumwa.
Zimathandiza kukoma kwa kuzifutsa nkhaka, tomato, sikwashi ndi zukini. Masamba obiriwira a marjoram amaikidwa mu saladi ndi supu, vinyo wosasa umatengedwanso pamasamba ndipo amakhala ndi saladi. Pafupifupi dziko lililonse lili ndi mbale zake zachikhalidwe, zomwe ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi marjoram. Mwachitsanzo, ku France ndi hare hare; ku Czech Republic - nyama ya nkhumba msuzi, mbatata ndi supu za bowa, ku Italy - ng'ombe ndi mpunga wa mpunga. Ku Germany, palibe mankhwala amodzi omwe angapange popanda marjoram, pomwe ku Armenia ndi zonunkhira zofunika, zomwe zimasankhidwa patebulo lililonse, monga tsabola wakuda ndi mchere.
Marjoram wouma amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga soseji m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya ndi ku United States. Chifukwa cha malo ake kuti apititse patsogolo chimbudzi, marjoram ndizophatikizapo zakudya zolemera ndi zonenepa. Ku Germany, imatchedwanso "wurstkraut", "udzu wa soseji", monga zonunkhira izi zimathandiza kukumba mafuta a sausages.
Marjoram imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa zakudya zamasamba zambiri, makamaka zimalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi masamba olemera - mbatata, kabichi ndi nyemba. Marjoramu imaphatikizidwa ku kirimu wowawasa ndi tomato sauces, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mowa, vinyo, zakumwa zofewa. Komanso, zokometsetsa izi ndi malo amchere kwa anthu omwe ali ndi shuga.
Mukudziwa? Kalekale amakhulupirira kuti Majoram adagonjetsedwa ndi mulungu wamkazi wachigriki wachikondi ndi kukongola Aphrodite, kotero iwo anakonza vinyo wapadera wochokera kwa iwo, omwe anali ndi chisangalalo ndi kukonzekera kukondana.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa marjoram kwa zolinga zamankhwala
Marjoram imakhala ndi mitsempha, ya analgesic, antibacterial ndi yolimbikitsa katundu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha kusowa tulo, kupsinjika maganizo ndi kupweteka mutu, chifukwa cha matenda a mpweya wopuma, mphumu. Zimathandiza ndi chimfine, komanso chimfine, kupopera ndi kupuma.
Mafuta ofunika a Marjoram ali ndi antiseptic, antioxidant, absorbable, diaphoretic, expectorant, kuchiritsa thupi la munthu. Mafuta amapangidwa kuchokera ku marjoram, omwe amathandiza bwino pamphuno, kupopera, kupweteka kwa minofu, ndi kusokoneza.
Marjoram mafuta ofunikira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa madokotala ndi zokongoletsa. Amalimbikitsa machiritso, mavu, mabala, kuthetsa zida, zithupsa komanso kuchepa kwa khungu. Pochiza matenda a mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi chimfine, amamwa tiyi kuchokera ku marjoram kapena kusamba, kuwonjezera madontho pang'ono a mafuta oyenera a marjoram.
Mukudziwa? Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito mafuta ndi tiyi ku marjoram kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa marjoram nthawi yaitali muyezo waukulu kumachepetsa dongosolo lamanjenje ndipo limayambitsa migraines.
