Hippeastrum ndi duwa la banja la Amaryllis. Madera ogawirako - madera otentha ndi otentha ku America, chigwa cha mtsinje wa Amazon. Mtengowo udawoneka koyamba ku Europe m'zaka za zana la 16.
Kufotokozera
Maluwa amawerengedwa ngati maluwa osatha. Chipolopolo chili ndi mawonekedwe a chulu, chili ndi tsinde lalifupi lokhazikika ndi mamba otsekeka. Kukula kwake kumatengera mtundu wa mbewu ndipo imatha kuchokera 50 mpaka 100 mm.
Masamba ake amakhala amizeremizere kutalika kwake, 50-70 cm, atayikidwa moyang'anizana, m'mizere iwiri. Mtundu wake ndiwobiliwira, koma pali mitundu ina yokhala ndi masamba ofiira. Ma inflorescence ali ndi mawonekedwe ambulera ndipo amakhala ndi maluwa awiri kapena asanu ndi awiri a akazi onse.
Maluwa ali mu mawonekedwe a chubu kapena malata, utoto kuchokera kufiyira mpaka kutuwa. Zipatsozo ndi bokosi la tricuspid pomwe mbewu ya m'chiuno limapsa, pafupifupi 100% kumera kumadziwika.
Kuyerekezera kwa Hippeastrum ndi Amaryllis
Oyamba maluwa nthawi zambiri samawona kusiyana pakati pa hippeastrum ndi amaryllis, kapenanso kuona maluwa ngati mtengo umodzi. Oimira maluwa ndi abale enieni ndipo amapatsidwa banja limodzi, koma ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Ngakhale maluwa amenewa amafanana, mbewu izi zimasiyana siyana:
| Feature | Hippeastrum | Amaryllis |
| Nthawi yopuma | Kuyambira Seputembala mpaka kumapeto kwa dzinja. | Kuyambira Juni mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. |
| Maluwa | February-Marichi. | Yophukira (mutakula kunyumba - pafupi ndi chiyambi cha dzinja). |
| Kuswana | Ana akamakula m'nyumba, ana samapangidwa. | Makanda atsopano amapangidwa chaka chilichonse. |
| Maonekedwe a peduncle | Palibe. | Zopatsa. |
| Chiwerengero cha maluwa mu inflorescence | 2 mpaka 6. | 8 mpaka 12 |
| Fungo | Sanamve. | Yodzikongoletsa. |
| Mapangidwe a Peduncle | Pambuyo pakupanga kwa pepala lachinayi pepala kapena kufanana ndi izo. | Poyamba, duwa limapangidwa, ndipo kumapeto kwa nyengo yakula - masamba. |
| Moyo Wazungulira Mzere | Amaloledwa kutumiza mosakonzekera kuti apumule nthawi iliyonse pachaka, komanso kupititsa patsogolo maluwa pang'onopang'ono. | Kuzungulira kwa moyo sikungasinthike. |
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya m'chiuno
Mtengowu umaphatikizapo mitundu makumi asanu ndi anayi ndi mitundu pafupifupi 2000, koma hippeastrum hybrida (wosakanizidwa) umamera nthawi zambiri pansi. Potengera kukula ndi mawonekedwe a chomeracho, gulu lina lidapangidwa ku Russia lomwe limagawa mitundu yonse ya maluwa m'magulu 9:
| Gululi | Zosiyanasiyana |
| Zachikulu zazikulu |
|
| Maluwa apakatikati |
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| Maluwa ochepa |
|
| Tambala yayikulu |
|
| Terry-wamaluwa oyenda |
|
| Terry wamaluwa yaying'ono |
|
| Sibistr |
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| Orchid |
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| Tubular |
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Kusamalira pakhomo nthawi zosiyanasiyana za maluwa
Mukamasamalira duwa kunyumba, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzisamalira nthawi ya chaka:
| Nyengo ndi nthawi ya chitukuko | Njira yotentha | Kuwala ndi malo | Chinyezi |
| Mid Seputembala - kumapeto kwa Januware (gawo lowala) | + 10 ... + 12 ° C. | Sifunika kuyatsa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyiyika pamalo owuma, amdima. | Kutsetsereka kumachitika kamodzi masiku 7 alionse. |
| Kumapeto kwa Januwale - kumayambiriro kwa February (masamba opanga masamba) | + 25 ... + 30 ° C. | Choyimira pang'ono, mukulangizeni kuyika chipinda chamdima. | Kutsirira pang'ono (dothi lakhala louma) |
| Kuyamba kwa mwezi wa febru (kupanga kwa muvi wamaluwa) | Osapitirira + 20 ° C, kukulitsa kwa peduncle kumathandizira kwambiri, osachepera + 18 ° C njirayi imachepetsa. | Kuwala kosokoneza bwino, chomera chimayikidwa pawindo. | Chinyezi chikukula pang'onopang'ono, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono. |
| Mapeto a February - pakati pa Marichi (masamba) | + 16 ... + 20 ° C. | Kuwala kowala bwino, mbewuyo ili pawindo lakumwera kwa nyumbayo. Nthawi ndi nthawi, muyenera kuzungulira duwa kuzungulira nkhwangwa kuti pasapunduke. | Kutsirira pafupipafupi. |
| Pakati pa Marichi - Novembala (masamba owoneka) | + 18 ... + 22 ° C. | Kuwala kowala kumalimbikitsidwa kuti ayikidwe mumsewu, pamalo pomwe sipangachitike dzuwa. | Mlingo wa chinyezi umagwira pang'onopang'ono mpaka umayima kwathunthu. |
Kuthirira
Madzi okwanira chomera chimangofunika pokhapokha maluwa, pomwe kusefukira kwamadzi sikuyenera kuloledwa. Pamene nthawi yodutsayo ikuyandikira, pafupipafupi kuthirira kuli bwino kuchepetsa, ndipo kumwalira masamba onse kumachitika, siyani. Amaloledwa kutsanulira madzi ochepa okha mu chotumphu kuti mizu ikhalebe yabwino.
Pamalo omata, nthaka yomwe duwa limamera limayenera kukhala louma, chifukwa chinyezi chambiri chimatha kuyambitsa mawonekedwe a masamba, zomwe zingasokoneze mkhalidwe wamaluwa.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kudyetsa chomera kumalangizidwa nthawi yomweyo kuzimiririka. Kupanga feteleza ndikofunika kuti pakhale mphamvu chaka chamawa. Maluwa atatsirizika, kukula kwa masamba amawonedwa, mapangidwe a mamba ochulukitsa, omwe pambuyo pake amathandizira kuonekera kwa masamba atsopano. Pakadali pano, akulangizidwa kuti utenge maluwo kumweya watsopano.
Mukukula kwa masamba, chomeracho chimayenera kudyetsedwa kamodzi masiku khumi, yankho la mullein limawerengedwa ngati feteleza wabwino (1 lita imodzi ya chinthucho imadziwitsidwa mu malita 10 a madzi oyera).
Thirani
Kuika maluwa kumayenera kuchitika chaka chilichonse, pokhapokha ngati izi zakwaniritsidwa, mbewuyo imawoneka yopambana. Nthawi zabwino kwambiri zosinthira anthu zimawerengedwa kuti ndi:
- isanafike pakupuma;
- atatha "hibernation";
- pamaso maluwa;
- maluwa atatha (ngati amangokhudza chomera chomwe mwapeza).
Kusankha nthawi yoyenera ndikusankha kugulitsa, muyenera kuchita zingapo:
- miyeso yakufa imachotsedwa mosamala ku bulb;
- rhizome imawunika, ngati kuli kotheka, madera okhala ndi mizu yakufa kapena yovunda amadulidwapo, madera odulidwa amathandizidwa ndi fungicides.
Nthaka yodzala m'chiuno mwake imayenera kusankhidwa kuti ikhale yotakasuka, yopepuka, yokhala ndi acidity yambiri komanso yambiri mchere ndi mchere wamamineral. Pogula malo, ndikofunikira kuyimitsa chisankho pamtunda wa mbewu zamankhwala, pambuyo pake zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga kapena vermiculite.
Ndi kudzikonzekeretsa kwa dziko lapansi, sakanizani dothi la pepala (magawo atatu) ndi humus (gawo limodzi).
Kukula m'chiuno, poto yokhala ndi makhoma ndiyoyenera, yomwe imakhala patali pafupifupi 3 cm kuchokera ku babu. Danga lamadzi limakhala pansi pa chidebe.
Mukabzala bulb, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kuti yambiri ili pamwamba.
Kuswana
Njira yosavuta kwambiri yofalitsira maluwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito ana, koma olima minda akuchulukirachulukira.
Pa magawo apamwamba kwambiri, ndikofunikira kukonzekera babu wamphamvu wathanzi, yemwe amawedula m'magulu awiri kuti pamagawo awiri onsewo mulinso gawo limodzi la pansi ndi sikelo. Malo odulawo amawazidwa makala ndi makala kapena kaboni yodziyambitsa. Kenako, lobule libzalidwe losakanizika ndi peat.
Pakatha pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, makanda atsopano amapanga thupi. Masika ikadzafika, adzafunika kuilowetsa mumphika.
Mtengowo umaloledwa kufalitsa mothandizidwa ndi mbewu, koma kuti mupeze maluwa, ndikofunikira kupukutira mwanjira. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti m'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira mmera sukhala pachimake, ndipo mulibe zizindikiro za amayi.
Zilakwitsa
Mukamasamalira hippeastrum, alimi a novice amatha kulakwitsa zingapo:
| Zilakwitsa | Zizindikiro | Kuthetsa |
| Palibe nthawi yopumula (kutentha kuposa + 18 ° C, kuthirira kapena feteleza sikutha). | Palibe mapangidwe a masamba motero maluwa. | M'pofunika kusunga malamulo akathirira, kuwongolera kutentha ndi chinyezi pa gawo lililonse la moyo wa chomera. |
| Kutentha kosayenera pa nthawi ya maluwa (ochepera + 17 ° C). | ||
| Kuwala kosakwanira m'nthawi yamasamba. | ||
| Kulephera kutsatira malamulo a umuna ndi kuthirira. | ||
| Kuchuluka kwamagetsi. | Chomera mwadzidzidzi chimasiya kukula, mababu amawola, tizirombo touluka. | Bulb iyenera kukumbidwa, kutsukidwa ndi dothi ndikuyang'ana kuti iwononge. Ikani maluwa kukhala dziko latsopano. |
| Kutentha kocheperako kapena kutentha kwambiri. | Chiwopsezo chakuda. | Chotsani masamba omwe anakhudzidwa, kusunthira m'chiuno m'chipinda chofunda komanso chowuma. |
| Kuperewera kwa potaziyamu kapena kukonza mbewu munyengo yomwe ikukula mu chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wouma. | Malangizo a masamba ake amakhala bulauni. | Manyowa ndikusintha dongosolo lakudya, nyowetsani mpweya. |
| Kuwala kwamphamvu. | Maluwa amatembenukira. | Ikani mbewuyo pamalo pomwe pali kuwala, komwe kulibe chiwopsezo chowonekera. |
Matenda ndi chithandizo
Chimodzi mwazinthu zoopsa kwambiri za m'chiuno ndi kuwotcha kwa babu. Ngati iwulula mabala kapena masamba a mtunduwo, zotupazo zimayenera kudulidwa nthawi yomweyo. Masamba onse okhudzidwa ndi mizu yakufa amachotsedwa. Madera onse azisamba amathandizidwa ndi Fundazol, Maxim kapena Fitosporin. Bulb yochapidwa imayesedwa kwa sabata limodzi, kenako ndikuyang'ananso kupezeka kwa zotupa, ngati palibe, ndiye babuyo amabzalidwa mumphika watsopano.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbewuyo imatha kudwala fusarium kapena anthracnose. Mankhwalawa ndi ofanana ndi matenda akale. Onetsetsani kuti mwachotsa madera onse omwe akhudzidwa, kenako malo omwe ali ndi zigawozo amathandizidwa ndi zida zomwe zimathandizira kupititsa patsogolo kuchira.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti matenda amapangidwa chifukwa cha dothi losankhidwa bwino, kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, osagwirizana ndi maulamuliro othirira, komanso kusowa kwounikira.
Ngati zonsezi zimakwaniritsidwa molondola, ndiye kuti mbewuyo idzakondweretsa eni ake kwa nthawi yayitali ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso maluwa.
