Mbatata ndizitsamba zosatha za banja la Solanaceae. Kwawo - South America. Makhalidwe oterewa sangathe kufotokoza kukula kwa zomwe mumakonda kwambiri. Belarus, mwachitsanzo, akugwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji ndi izi zabwino tuber. Mbatata imalimidwa kwa zaka zambiri, kotero kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yake. Holland ndi mmodzi mwa atsogoleri ozindikiritsidwa m'dziko lobeleta, ndi malo ochepa omwe ali malo a mbatata ya Picasso, yomwe idzakambidwe.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Mbatata mitundu "Picasso" - Kutseka mochedwa, kucha kucha kumene kumachitika 115-130 masiku atatha mphukira yoyamba. Maina otchuka - "Ivan-da-Marya", "Lemon", "Lyska" ndi ena. Mitengo ya malonda imakhala yolemera 80-150 g. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu-pinki, chifukwa cha mtundu uwu izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi dzina lake. Zimasungidwa bwino, zimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri, pafupifupi matani 20 pa ha 1, ndipo nthawi zina - 2-2.5 nthawi zambiri. Wamtali wakuda chitsamba ndi maluwa oyera ndi mdima wobiriwira.
Mukudziwa? Chaka chilichonse padziko lonse lapansi timadya matani oposa 7 miliyoni a fries.Mtengo wochuluka wokhutira mumatope okhwima (mpaka 12%) umapangitsa Picasso mbatata kukhala chakudya chamtundu uliwonse, ngati lingaliroli limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwalawa. Zizindikiro zoterezi zimaphatikizapo kutchuka: zabwino kwambiri kukoma, mwayi wautali yosungirako (mbatata yogula m'dzinja sizingamere pakati pa nyengo yozizira), kusintha kwa nyengo yathu komanso yabwino transportability. Zili bwino kunena kuti zosiyanasiyanazi zakhala zikuchokera kwa ife oyamikira kwambiri ndipo ziri ndi ndemanga zabwino kwambiri pazokha.
Zotsatira zam'kalasi
Ponena za mitundu ya mbatata "Picasso" ndi bwino kupewera mavairasi A ndi YN mitundu, Colorado mbatata kachilomboka, nematode, ndi kuchepa kochedwa ndi nkhanambo. Zivomerezani, pamakhalidwe abwino otere a alimi omwe ali ndi kalasi ndi mabungwe azaulimi sakanakhoza koma kumvetsera. Kuwonjezera pa izi, kulekerera kwatsatanetsatane kwa nyengo yowonongeka, kudzichepetsa kwa nthaka, kuyenda bwino kwa kayendetsedwe ka katundu, kusunga khalidwe ndi kuchepa kwazing'ono panthawi yosungirako, ndipo mukhoza kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake Picasso ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya mbatata.
Mitundu ya mbatata ngati "Luck", "Kiwi", "Impala", "Lorch", "Zhuravinka", "Ilyinsky" ndi "Irbitsky" ndi yotchuka kwambiri.
Tikufika
Chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwake ndi makhalidwe okaniza matenda, Picasso mbatata ali ndi ndemanga zabwino kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyanazi zimapezeka pafupifupi ku Ulaya konse. Pali malamulo ochepa omwe mukufuna kudziwa. Pafupifupi masiku 30-45 musanadzalemo, m'pofunika kuti muyambe kuyang'anitsitsa zokololazo, kuchotsani zida zowonongeka.
Mukudziwa? Conquistador Pedro Cieza wa Lyon sanali oyamba ku Ulaya kufotokoza mbatata mu ntchito yake "Mbiri ya Peru", komanso anaperekanso muzu masamba ku Ulaya.Zida zoyenera kubzala ziyenera kutengedwa kumalo ozizira ndi kutentha kwa mpweya osapitirira + 10 ° C, ndipo ndibwino kuposa +15 ° C. Izi ndi zofunika kwa chisanadze kumera kwa tubers. Pafupifupi masabata awiri adzayamba kuwonekera, ndipo kuchokera kwa iwo mizu idzadutsa. Pa tuber imodzi imamera pafupifupi 6-8 maso mpaka kutalika kwa 20 mm. Musanadzalemo, ndizofunikira kuti muzitha kuchiza tubers ndi kulikonse komwe kulikukula (Zircon, Appin, Poteytin, Mikon). Kuwonjezera pa ntchito yake yowonjezera, ndalama izi zidzathandiza kuti tubers zisinthe nthaka yomwe imapanga feteleza mchere komanso idzateteza zowonongeka.
Ndikofunikira! Simungabzalitse mbatata m'nthaka kumene idapanga eggplants, tsabola, nkhaka, tomato ndi mbatata nyengo yotsiriza!Nthaŵi yowonetsera nthawi ndi nthawi yamasika. Pali njira yodabwitsa yowerengera nthawi yobzala - ino ndiyo nthawi yomwe tsamba limakula pa birch. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha kuyambika kwa nthawi yobzala ndi nthaka chinyezi. Dothi "lolemetsa", lozama kwambiri ndiloweta chifukwa chodzala. Pofuna kupewa nkhanambo, sikutheka kufota nthaka ndi manyowa kapena mandimu musanadzalemo. Maulendo omwe amaloledwa kutuluka ndi awa:
- Mtunda pakati pa mizera - 0.7 mamita;
- Mtunda pakati pa tchire - 0,4 mamita;
- kuya kwake ndi 0.1m (ngakhale chiwerengero ichi, monga tanenera pamwambapa, chimadalira nthaka).
Chisamaliro
Mafotokozedwe a mitundu ya mbatata "Picasso" sidzakhala yangwiro, ngati sitingathe kutchula chiganizo chotere: ndikofunikira kwambiri pa nthaka yaeration, kuthirira ndi kudyetsa. Kuwonjezera apo, pazigawo zosiyanasiyana njirazi ziyenera kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
- Pamaso pa maonekedwe a masamba. Kuthirira - 1 nthawi pa sabata (10 malita / sq mita). Mlungu umodzi mutabzala - kumasula, kukwera katatu. Kupaka pamwamba ndi manyowa (gawo limodzi la manyowa pa mbali 15 za madzi).
- Kuthamanga ndi maluwa. Kuthirira - 1 nthawi pa sabata (20-30 malita / sq mita). Mapiri otsiriza amatha kusanayambe, kutalika - masentimita 20. Sichidzaletsa mulching pakati pa mizera. Kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, kuvala pamwamba ndi phulusa ndi superphosphate (supuni 2-3 pa chidebe cha madzi, kumwa - 1 litre pa 1 mamita).
- Pambuyo maluwa, timadziletsa okha kuthirira 2 pa mwezi (mita imodzi / mita mita).
Mukhoza kudzala adyo pafupi ndi mbatata, fungo lake liwopsyeze tizirombo. Chilomboka cha mbatata cha Colorado - mliri wa zosiyanasiyana mbatata, "Picasso" ndi zosiyana!Ndikofunikira! N'zotheka kupopera mbatata ku Colorado mbatata kachilomboka chisanafike chomera chisanafike pachimake!Musaiwale zakumenyana kotere ndi kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata, monga chowunikira. Mutha kupopera pamwamba pa mbatata ndi phulusa pamtunda wa 10-15 makilogalamu a phulusa pa zana limodzi.
Kukolola
Kusonkhanitsa nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa September. Masiku 150 mutabzala mbatata nsonga zonse kufa. Pasanapite nthawi, mutatha kuuma ndikusanduka chikasu, mukhoza kuyamba kukolola. Kuti mutenge nthawi yokolola, muyenera kusonkhanitsa nyengo yowuma. Ndikofunika kulingalira pa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku - + 10 ... +15 ° C. Musatenge tchire ndi nsonga zobiriwira, ndi_chizindikiro chakuti tubers akadali kucha. Ngati mukufuna kusonkhanitsa zidebe zowonjezera, musathamangitse, zitsamba kuthengo. Ngakhale chizindikiro chofunika - nyengo! Amaluwa ambiri amathamangira nthawi yokolola mvula isanafike.
Mukudziwa? Solanine - alkaloid yomwe imapezeka mu zipatso za mbatata, ndi yachilengedwe ya fungicide ndi tizilombo.Kumunda kumeneku, kukumba ma tubers kumatsalira kuti usadye kwa maola angapo. Kenaka mosamala, kuti musasokoneze pamwamba, nkofunika kuyeretsa tubers kuchokera pansi ndikukana kuwonongeka. Koma kuti muchite nthawi yomweyo sichitha kugwira ntchito. Nkofunika kuti mbeu ikhale m'malo owuma, ozizira kwa sabata, kenaka tipewe ma tubers omwe angasokoneze mbeu yonse. Malo abwino oti musunge mbatata ndi chipinda chapansi kapena chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, kumene kutentha kwa mpweya sikudutsa +4 ° C. Ngati mutasunga mbatata zambiri, ndibwino kuti kutalika sikudutsa mita imodzi. Koma ndi bwino komanso kosavuta kusungira m'matumba kapena makoka, makamaka pamene pali zochepa zokolola. Ndibwino kuganizira za kubzala zakuthupi chaka chotsatira pomwepo. Mitundu ya tubers yomwe idachoka pazifukwa izi sizimafunika kuchotsedwa pansi, imayenera kukhala yotsalira kuti ikhale yobiriwira.
Masamba amatsitsa ndi solanine - mankhwala oopsa omwe ali ndi zipatso (osati kusokonezeka ndi tubers!) Mbatata. Ndi poizoni wachilengedwe kwa makoswe ndi chitetezo chabwino chomwe chingakuthandizeni kubzala kwanu kuti mufike bwino mmawa wotsatira. Kotero, tsopano muli ndi chithunzi chokwanira cha makhalidwe, ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko za kukula, kukolola ndi kusunga mitundu ya Picasso. Mitundu imeneyi idadziwika kwa anthu ambiri kwa nthawi yaitali ndi mayina ena. "Ivan da Maryu" wakhala akufunsidwa m'misika kwa nthawi yaitali komanso nthawi zambiri pofuna kukoma kwake. Mutatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi, mukudziwa chomwe chinayambitsa kutchuka. Ngati muli ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, tikuyembekeza kuti uphungu wathu ndi ndondomeko zidzakuthandizani panyumba yanu yachilimwe.
