Anthu anayamba kumanga nkhunda kwa nthawi yaitali. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, oyamba a njiwa anawonekera patali zaka 3000 BC. Masiku ano pali mitundu yambiri ya njiwa, zina mwazinthu zomwe zinapangidwa ndi asayansi monga mitundu yokongola ya mbalame.
Nkhunda ya peacock ndiyo mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongola ya mbalame, yomwe imadziwika ndi kukongola kodabwitsa komanso nthenga za mchira. M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za momwe tingamangire nyumba za mbalame zoterozo, zomwe tiyenera kuzidyetsa, momwe tingakhalire.
Kufotokozera mwachidule ndi zochitika za mtunduwu
Nkhunda za nkhumba zimatchedwa mayina chifukwa cha mchira wosachilendo komanso wachikuta, womwe umakhala ngati mchira wa peacock. Mbalamezi zimadziwika ndi kukongola ndi chisomo chawo, ndipo zimakhala ndi zozizwitsa. Komanso, nkhunda za nkhumba - mbalamezo ndi zoyera komanso zokoma, zomwe nthawi zonse zimadziwonetsera okha mu ulemerero wawo: zimaponyera mitu yawo, ikani mitu yawo patsogolo, yongolani nthenga pa mchira ndikuima.
Mukudziwa? Chiyambi chenicheni cha njiwa za peaco sichidziwikiratu, koma kutchulidwa koyamba kwa iwo kunapezeka mu zolemba za ku India.
Mtundu uwu wa nkhunda zosayenera kwa ndege zazikulu. Kwa miyoyo yawo yambiri, amayenda pansi, nthenga zambiri zowamba mchira. Ena golubevody amayesa kuphunzitsa mbalame zawo kupanga ndege zochepa. Nthawi zina amachita, mbalame zoterezi zimatha kuwonetsedwa pamakonzedwe osiyanasiyana. 
Nkhundazi zimakhala ndi mutu wawung'ono wopanda zizindikiro, maso aakulu akuda. Miyendo yawo ndi yaing'ono, yofiira kapena yofiira. Mtunduwu umakhala wozungulira ndipo umagwirizanitsa, ndi kumbuyo komweko. Nadhvoste ndi zovala (mtolo) zimakhala ndi nthenga zambiri, mochulukitsa, mbalameyo imawoneka bwino.
Nkhunda yoyera ya nkhunda imakhala ndi mazenera amphamvu ndi amphamvu, omwe ali osiyana kwambiri. Ma paws ndi ofiira. Mtundu wa nthenga umasiyana ndi buluu-imvi mpaka woyera.
Awerengenso za mitundu ya nkhuku, kuswana ndi kudyetsa.
Chiwerengero cha nthenga pa mchira chimadalira mtundu wa "chiyero" cha mbalameyi, mu njiwa "yoyera" ya njiwa nambala ya nthenga pa mchira imasiyana ndi 30 mpaka 35. Nkhunda za pichesi zimakhala zovuta kuphunzitsa. Mitundu yambiri ya golubovody imatcha mbalame zaulesi, zomwe zingatheke - zimangoyendetsa malo awo okhala.
Momwe mungasankhire awiri abwino pakagula
Nthawi yabwino yogula mawiri a nkhunda idzakhala kumayambiriro kasupe kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Panthawi imeneyi, mukhoza kuyesa bwino makhalidwe onse ndi kukongoletsa kwa mbalame. M'chaka, njiwa zimagulitsidwa pamtengo wapamwamba kusiyana ndi kugwa, koma atangotha kugula amatha kupereka ana.
Kugula mbalame kuchokera kwa anthu osadziwika pamsika, wina akhoza kulowa muzithunzi za "zonyansa" za chibadwa, chiopsezo chopeza njiwa yoteroyo ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Gulani zinthu zokwera mtengo zokhaamene mwini wake ali ndi ana awo. Ngati palibe wachibadwa, ndipo mtengo uli wochepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti pafupifupi 100% chitsimikizo chakuti njiwa ya peacock yayamba mobwerezabwereza njira zowasinthika.
Ndi bwino kugula mbalame kuchokera kwa obereketsa nkhunda omwe akhala akugwira ntchito yawo kwa zaka zoposa khumi ndi ziwiri. Ngati golubevody adapereka miyoyo yawo ku bizinesi imeneyi, aziphunzitsa mbalame zawo nthawi zonse, ayang'anenso zomwe zilipo, ndiye mutha kugula nkhunda kuchokera kwa anthu oterewa. Komanso, akhoza kukupatsani zithunzi zoyambira ndi zojambula zosiyana siyana zomwe zimatsimikiziranso za nkhanga za nkhanga. 
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti pamene kugula nkhuku pamsika muyenera kukhala mosamala phunzirani thanzi lawo. Bweretsani nkhwangwa la njiwa kapena veterinarian ku msika, ndipo ngati mulibe mwayi wotero, sankhani mbalame molingana ndi makhalidwe omwe tawafotokozera pamwambapa.
Asanapite ku msika, yang'anani mosamala zithunzi zambiri zomwe muli nkhanga-nkhunda. Mungathe kudziwa ngati njiwa ikudwala kapena yathanzi, motere: gwiritsani khola ndi dzanja kapena chitsime, ngati mbalameyi ikuthwa ndipo ikuyenda bwino, zikutanthawuza kuti zonse ziri bwino, ngati simukugwirizana ndi kugogoda, ndibwino kuti musagule chonchi.
Kukonzekera kunyumba kwa njiwa
Kwa njiwa za nkhuku, malo ozungulira pansi adzakhala malo abwino kwambiri okhalamo. Mukhoza kumanga pa matekinoloje osiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a zithunzithunzi, zonse zimadalira malingaliro a womanga. Ambiri oweta nkhunda amamanga mbalame ngati nkhuku.
Phunzirani momwe mungamangirire dovecote nokha.
Kusankha malo panja ndikuphimba ndi ma waya. Mukhozanso kumanga khola mu chipinda, mwachitsanzo, mu nkhokwe (ngati ndi yaikulu). Komabe, nkhunda zimakhala bwino mu dzuwa, ndi malo ambiri a mbalame. 
Mukasankha kumanga khola m'nyumba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito plywood kapena bolodi lopangidwira. Mazenera oyenera kutsekedwa ndi slate, omwe angachotsedwe nthawi iliyonse kuti njiwa iziwuluke (ngati muwaphunzitsa izi). Slate idzateteza mbalame kutentha komanso kumvula.
M'nyengo yozizira, njiwa za nkhuku zimakhazikika bwino malo otenthachoncho khola lotseguka m'magazi lingakhale lofunikira ngakhale mutamanga pogona pa nkhunda poyera. M'madera omwe nyengo imakhala yotentha ndipo nyengo yozizira ya tsiku ndi tsiku siigwera pansi -5 ° C, njiwa zikhoza kutuluka kunja.
Ndikofunikira! Nkhunda za nkhumba zimatha kudwala matenda ochepetsa magazi m'thupi. Zikatero, mutatha kuyankhulana ndi veterinarian, calcium chloride, B mavitamini ndi zida zachitsulo zimayikidwa.
Ndege yesetsani kukonzekera kuti mbalameyo ikhale yaikulu, ngati kuti ilibe khola, koma kuthengo. Nthawi zonse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Talingalirani zowona kuti nkhumba za nkhanga ziyenera kukhala ndi chipinda pakhomo. Adzatha kulepheretsa mbalame kuthawa kupyola khola. Ndipo kumbukirani kuti pamene mbalame zotere zimakhala zazikulu, zimakhala zokongola komanso zokongola kwambiri. 
Omudzi ndi mitundu ina ya njiwa
Kusamalira nkhumba zokongoletsera (zomwe ndi nkhuku za nkhuku) ndi ntchito yovuta, chifukwa mbalame zoterozo zimakhala zovuta ku matenda osiyanasiyana ngati sizibzalidwe pasadakhale. Kuti nkhanga zikhale zopweteka kwambiri komanso zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mitundu ina ya nkhunda mu khola lawo.
Kawirikawiri, ndi bwino pamene abambo ndi akazi adzakhala amodzi, khola losiyana. Ngati muli ndi njiwa za mitundu ina, ndiye kuti akufunika kumanga zipinda zina, makamaka ngati njiwa zamasewera (zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri).
Mukudziwa? Pa nyengo yoswana, njiwa za pichesi m'munsi mwa thupi zimapanga malo otchedwa "malo". Dera limeneli limaperekedwa ndi magazi ndipo limakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu, komwe kumathandiza kutentha anapiye.
Kusamalira ndi kuyeretsa
Ntchito yaikulu ya mtundu uliwonse wa nkhunda ndi kupeweratu malo a mbalame. Malingaliro akuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timafera pamtunda kapena kutentha kumakhala kolakwika. Ena a iwo amafa kwenikweni, koma kagawo kakang'ono chabe, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda oopsa kwambiri sitiwopa nyengo yathu. 
Choncho, kuti muwawononge, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana za mankhwala. Zina mwa izo ndi chlorocresol (2%), chloramine (3-4%), paraform (2%), xylonaph (3-4%), hydrated laimu (3%) ndi ena. Posankha mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, m'pofunika kuganizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana: kuopsa kwa thanzi la nkhuku, kupambana kwa kukonzekera, kudziwika pa malo enieni a matenda.
Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana:
- Poyendetsedwe ndi nthomba, hydrated laimu kapena chlorocresol imagwiritsidwa ntchito;
- ndi chinyengo-chloramine, caustic sodium kapena bleach;
- sparatif - slaked laimu, xylonaf kapena formalin;
- scoccidiosis - chlorocresol;
- Staxoplasmosis - bleach kapena formalin.
Disinfection monga prophylaxis iyenera kuchitika mwezi uliwonse. Panthawi imodzimodziyo chotsani zinthu zonse zosafunikira kuchokera pazitseko ndi kuziwotcha. Makoma (ngati ali waya) ayenera kuchitidwa ndi blowtorch, kotero tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tonse tidzafa. 
Gwiritsani ntchito yankho la mankhwala ndi burashi kuti muwononge bwinobwino malo onse ofikirika ndi ovuta kufika pa aviary. Pambuyo poyeretsa kwathunthu nkhunda zoyamwitsa ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi zatsopano. Ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amachitidwa pazifukwa zosadziwika chifukwa chodziwika ndi mtundu wina wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndiye kuti chithandizo chiyenera kuchitika mwezi wonse masiku onse 4-7.
Ngati pansi pa nyerere ya njiwa ili ndi chigawo cha dziko lapansi, ndiye kofunikira Tengani zithunzi chaka chilichonse (osachepera pa bayonet) ndipo m'malo mwake. Pansi pa nthaka (nkhuni ndi konkire) ndibwino kwambiri kuwaza utuchi ndi kuzibwezeretsa masiku onse 4-7. Kotero mungathe kuchotsa mlungu ndi mlungu kuchokera ku aviary chiwerengero cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chomwe chidzakhazikika mu utuchi.
Onetsetsani kuti madzi mu nkhunda nthawi zonse amasintha, chifukwa akhoza kutenga kachilombo kosiyana. Ndipo musaiwale za kuyeretsa zitsekozo kuchokera ku zinyalala. Muyenera kuchita izi kuyeretsa masiku awiri, kotero mutachepetsa kwambiri matenda a nkhuku nkhunda.
Nkhuku zokongoletsa, mandarin, bulu, mbalame ndi mbalame zili ndi makhalidwe okongola kwambiri.
Zimene mungadye
Njira yodyetsera nkhunda ndi yovuta, imafuna kukhala omvera komanso mtima wabwino. Nthawi zosiyana, kudyetsa mbalame zokongoletsera ziyenera kukhala zosiyana. M'nyengo yozizira, m'nyengo ya chilimwe, panthawi yopuma, nthawi ya molting, munthu aliyense amafuna zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Chakudya choyenera chimakhudza zinthu zambiri mu moyo wamba wa nkhunda za nkhuku. 
M'nyengo yozizira, nkhunda ziyenera kulandira chakudya chamagulu, zomwe zidzabweretsanso nkhokwe zamagetsi m'thupi. Zima zamasamba zimakhala kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa December kufika pakati pa mapeto a February. Panthawi imeneyi simuyenera kudyetsa nkhunda ndi nyemba kapena nyemba zamasamba. Balere ndi tirigu muchuluka cha 60% mpaka 40% adzakhala malo abwino odyera panthawi yamvula yozizira.
Ndikofunikira! M'nyengo yozizira yachisanu, mbalame iyenera kulandira chakudya chapamwamba chokhala ndi kalori, chomwe chimakhala chotalika ndi thupi kulowa mu mphamvu. Ngati mumadyetsa nkhanga nkhuku zotsika puloteni, zimatha kufa ndi kufa.
Pamapeto a February nkhunda nkhunda kuyamba njira kukonzekera kukonzekera. Panthawiyi, amafunikira zakudya zamapuloteni (mtundu wa hemp ndi fulakesi, nyemba). Kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha mapuloteni mu chakudya chonsecho chiyenera kukhala 20%. Kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, mbalame sizifunikanso kudumphadumpha, chifukwa chiopsezo chimatha. Zakudya zamapuloteni zidzathandiza nkhunda kuti zikhale bwino ndikupanga mazira abwino. 
Kumayambiriro-pakati pa mwezi wa March, kumera kwa mbeu kumayambira nkhunda za nkhuku. Panthawiyi, mbalame zonse (kuphatikizapo achinyamata) ziyenera kulandira zowonjezera zakudya (macro-micronutrients, mavitamini). Monga chakudya kumapeto kwa kasupe, mungagwiritse ntchito: osokoneza, mapira, oats, mbewu za hemp, mtanda, tirigu.
Mu chakudya cha njiwa ayenera kuwonjezera maulendo osiyanasiyana ndi mineralized zakudya zina. M'chaka, nthenda ya njiwa imafuna tocopherol (vitamini E) ndi zowonjezera mavitamini a potassium; mukhoza kuzipeza kuchipatala chilichonse.
Gawo lofunika popatsa nkhanga ndi molting nthawi. Zimatha (pansi pa chikhalidwe) kuyambira August mpaka Oktoba. Panthawiyi, mbalame zimafunika kudyetsedwa kwambiri, zimathandiza kuti nkhuku zatsopano zizikula, pangani njiwa kukonzekera chisanu. Nkhunda za nkhanga, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya njiwa, imakhala ndi milomo yaing'ono, kotero muyenera kudyetsa iwo ndi nyemba zosweka ndi tirigu.
Phunzirani momwe mungadyetse nkhuku, nkhuku, nkhuku, ducklings, hawks, goslings, quails.
Kukonzekera chisa
Ntchito yokonzekera nkhunda za nkhuku za nyerere ndi zovuta kwambiri, zimafuna khama, zomwe zingapangitse kuti mbalamezi zizikhala bwino kwambiri ngati zomwe zimadzipangira okha. Musanayambe kukonzekera mbalame kuti zisawonongeke, m'pofunika kuti mukhale ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuti mumange zisa, muyenera kumanga mabokosi apadera a chisa. 
Inu mukhoza kudzipanga nokha, pamene mukutsatira kwa oterowo zikhalidwe zamakono:
- Mabokosi amapangidwa ndi matabwa opukutidwa.
- Iwo sayenera kukhala ndi mipata ndi kukhala omasuka ndi osangalatsa ngati n'kotheka.
- Kutalika kwa mabokosi ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 40-50 masentimita, m'lifupi - 40-50 cm, kutalika - 50-60 masentimita.
- Bokosi limamangidwa pa makoma atatu, mbali imodzi palibe khoma. Chimake chimapangidwa kumeneko (chomwe chingachotsedwe nthawi iliyonse) ndi kutalika kwa 6-9 masentimita.
- Mchenga kapena utuchi umagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa bokosi. Kutalika kwa wosanjikiza kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira 6 mpaka 10 cm (nkhunda zimapanga chisa pawokha).
- Mabokosiwa ayenera kumangidwa ndi khoma, ndiko kuti, kuyika wina pa mzake.
Zizindikiro za kukula kwachinyamata
Kubzala nkhunda nkhunda sizinthu zovuta kwambiri. Njiwa zimenezi zimasamalira bwino ana awo. 
Nkhunda zamphanga nthawi zonse zimadyetsa ndi kuteteza ana awo ku zoopseza zosiyanasiyana ku miyoyo yawo. Ambiri golubevody amanena kuti mwezi woyamba pambuyo kubadwa kwa njiwa kuwasamalira sikofunika, mkazi amadzichita yekha. Koma mavoti ndi osiyana, ndibwino kuti izi zitheke.
Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti amayi nthawi zonse amadyetsa anapiye, chifukwa ngati atsala opanda chakudya kwa maola atatu, adzafa. Ngati mupeza kuti mkazi samadyetsa ana ndi mkaka, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kudyetsa iwo zidutswa.
Mukudziwa? Kale, njiwa zinkachita nawo miyambo yosiyanasiyana yachipembedzo, choncho, anthu ena ankaganiza ngati nkhunda kukhala zolengedwa pafupi ndi milungu.
Kudyetsa nkhuku za mlungu ndi mlungu kumafunikira kokha ndi pipette. Chakudya chabwino kwambiri chidzakhala mkaka ndi nkhuku yosakanizidwa ya nkhuku, mungagwiritsenso ntchito zakudya zovuta za mwana. Palibe chifukwa choti mupereke ana a nkhuku omwe amathyola masamba ndi tirigu, chakudyacho chimaloledwa kuyambira mwezi umodzi. 
Malangizo othandiza oyamba kumene
Ngati muli watsopano kwa ulimi wamunda wa njiwa, simunamvepo za njira yosungira ndi kuswana nkhunda nkhunda, ndikugwiritsa ntchito Malangizo kwa oyambitsa golubevodov:
- Gulani awiri a njiwa ndi comrades odziwa zambiri kapena ndi veterinarian, mwinamwake pamakhala vuto lalikulu kugula mbalame zodwala.
- Poyambira, musagule mitundu yambiri ya njiwa za peacock. Yambani ndi anthu awiri ndipo kenako mudzawona ngati ntchitoyi ikukukhudzani kapena ayi.
- Ngati muzisunga njiwa pafupi ndi nkhalango, ndiye kuti muyambe kuyendetsa ndegeyo kuti zinyama zisawonongeke.
- Sungani mankhwala a aviary nthawi zonse ndikupempha veterinarian kuti ayese nkhunda nkhunda.
- Mangani zisa zosiyana pazimayi zomwe zimabereka ana.
- Perekani nkhunda za nkhanga nthawi yochuluka, yesetsani kuwapangitsa kukhala "otayika", sayenera kuchita mantha ndi mwini wawo.
