Kwa zaka mazana awiri zapitazi, duwa petunia amakopa chidwi cha alimi a maluwa ndi obereketsa. Pali zifukwa zambiri za izi. Choyamba, amamukonda chifukwa cha kukongola kodabwitsa kwa maluwa: zowala, zazikulu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe. Chachiwiri, ili ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri ya maluwa. Chachitatu, petunia ndi imodzi mwa zomera zochepa zomwe zimagwirizana bwino ndi mbewu zina za m'munda. Ndipo chachinayi, ndi kudzichepetsa pa kulima ndi kusamalira.
Mukudziwa? Petunia dzina lake ndi "petun" - dzina la fodya ku Brazil, kumene maluwa amenewa amachokera. Pansi pa dzina limeneli, katswiri wina wa sayansi ya sayansi ya ku France dzina lake Jean Baptiste Lamarck poyamba anafotokoza petunia.
Petunia (Petunia) Ndilo mtundu wa herbaceous perennials wa banja la nightshade. Ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi 40, yomwe ili ndi zaka. Duwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsera minda, mabedi mumzinda, mipanda, ndi zipinda, mipanda, nyumba.
M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana zambiri za kukula kwa kapu kapena ampelous petunias.
Zochitika za petunias ndi zozizwitsa zakupha
Cascade petunia inalembedwa m'zaka za zana la makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu khumi ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu (9) chifukwa cha kusakanizidwa kwa selo. Kuchokera ku mitundu ina yonse ya ampelous kapena "kupachika" petunia imasiyana ndi kutalika ndi kusinthasintha kwa zimayambira zomwe zimamera pansi, ngati kutuluka. Imakula mwamsanga, imakula bwino. Kawirikawiri phokoso la petunias limapangidwira mumapopu omangirira pazenera, mafelemu a mawindo, masitepe, gazebos, lampposts.
Potsirizira pake amawombera pamadzi petunias kufika 1-2.5 mamita. Kukula, mtundu wa maluwa, kutalika kwa maluwa ndi njira zoberekera zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa mbewu. Mbali yaikulu ya petunias yonse yowonongeka ndi kukana kuzizira ndi nyengo yovuta.
Mwa njira, nthawi zina amatsitsimutsa petunia ndi kupha petunia amasiyanitsidwa mu mitundu yosiyana, ngakhale kuti palibe kusiyana kwakukulu mu mawonekedwe awo kapena mu chisamaliro chawo.
Mitundu yowonjezereka ya mapiko a petunias
Tanena kale kuti obereketsa alibe chidwi ndi petunias. Umboni weniyeni wa izi ndi mitundu yambiri ndi hybrids ya duwa ili.
Mitundu yonse ndi yanyamale ya petunias yothamanga ingagawidwe m'magulu atatu:
- ndi zowonongeka, zowonongeka zimayambira pansi;
- ndi zimayambira zomwe zikukula mmwamba ndi kugwa pamene zikufika kutalika;
- Kupwetekedwa kwafupikitsa ndi kuthamangitsidwa kwakanthawi (kupopera petunia).
Ponena za mitundu yodziwika bwino, m'pofunika kunena kuti petunia yotereyi imatuluka. Zosangalatsa - Ichi ndi kulima kwa petunia-flowered petunia, omwe amapanga mosalekeza maluwa cascades a lalikulu lalikulu (12 masentimita awiri) maluwa. Amadziwika ndi oyambirira komanso othawa maluwa. Mafomu osaliatali kwambiri, koma nthambi zambiri zimapsa. Mndandanda umenewu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala mabokosi a khonde, mabala a maluwa, madengu.
Chikondi chotani chimayambitsa petunias
Popeza petunia poyamba anali wokhala m'mayiko otentha ndi ozizira, amakonda kwambiri kutentha, madzi ambiri komanso tsiku lowala. Komabe, pokonzekera chisankho, hybrids zinapangidwa kuti zikhale zovuta chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zinthu izi. Petunia amawononga ndi mitundu yake basi ndi ya mtundu wa nyengo kugonjetsedwa. Komabe, monga zomera zonse, zikadzakula, zimafuna kutsatira malamulo ena a agrotechnical.
Kusankha malo otsetsereka: kodi kuyatsa, chinyezi ndi kutentha ziyenera kukhala zotani?
Popeza kuti petunias onse ndi ofunda komanso okonda, ngati mumabzala m'mundamo, ndibwino kuti musamalire kumalo otseguka. Mu mthunzi mphukira imatambasula, masamba amakhala akulu, ndipo maluwawo ndi ofooka. Ngati mumabzala pawindo kapena zipinda, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti muchite kuchokera kumwera kumadzulo kapena kumwera.
Petunia ikulimbana ndi chilala ndi chinyezi chochulukira, koma silingalole madzi ochulukirapo. Chomeracho chimatha kupirira kutentha kufika pa -10 ° C. Zosamveka kutentha.
Kawirikawiri, petunia mosavuta amalekerera zoipa nyengo, komabe, mphukira ndi maluwa zingawonongedwe ndi mvula ndi mphepo. Choncho, ngati maluŵa amakula miphika, mu nyengo zotere amatha kusamukira kumalo otetezeka kapena kuganizira mofulumira.
Miphika ya kukula kwa petunias
Posankha chophimba cha chomera ichi, chiyenera kukumbukira kuti sikuvomerezeka kudzala maluwa oposa oposa asanu. Apo ayi, kumenyera malo padzuwa, iwo adzasokonezana ndi kutaya zotsatira zawo zokongoletsera. Mu miphika yayikuru ndi kukula kwa 10-14 malita awiri kapena atatu zomera akhoza kugwirizana. Pankhani ya kubzala petunias mu miphika, m'pofunika kulingalira kuti mtunda pakati pa zimayambira za zomera ziyenera kukhala osachepera 15-20 masentimita.
Mukudziwa? Ku Ulaya, si mwambo wakulima m'miphika ya monoculture - nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito 2-3 mitundu ya zomera. Timapereka malangizo omwe petunias ndi omwe maluwa akubzala m'miphika amakhala bwino pamodzi. Zolembazo zidzakhala zokongola kwambiri: kupha petunia - bidens - ipomoea; Petunia - Calibrahoa - Bacopa; Colius - kutuluka petunia - Allisum, verbena - yonyamula petunia - Calibrahoa, ndi zina zotero.
Mu miphika yomwe ili ndi masentimita 28, 3-5 mamita awiri a petunias ndi 5-7 wamba wamba akhoza kubzalidwa.
Momwe mungabzalitsire mvula yam'madzi ndi yapamwamba
Pofuna kukwaniritsa mitsinje yabwino kuchokera ku petunia ndi maluwa obiriwira, nkofunikira kutsata malingaliro angapo pa chisamaliro chake ndi kulima. Zimagwirizana ndi zofunikira za nthaka, kubzala ndi kuthirira luso lamakono, feteleza ndi kupuma.
Zosowa za nthaka
Mavuto a petunias amakhala bwino mu dothi lachonde, komabe amakonda loamy ndi mchenga loam koposa. Nthaka ikhale yotayirira, yonyowa, yowala komanso yopanda ndale mu acidity.
Chifukwa chodzala miphika, mungagwiritse ntchito mapangidwe a nthaka otsatirawa:
- nthaka yachitsulo (2);
- nthaka yamera (2);
- peat (1);
- mchenga wambiri wa mtsinje (1).
- nthaka (1);
- peat (1);
- humus (1);
- mchenga (1).
Ndikofunikira! Pansi pa mphika ayenera kuthiridwa ndi dothi lopangira dothi kuti lisunge chinyezi m'nthaka, komanso musaiwale kuti pansi ayenera kukhala ndi mabowo kuchotsa madzi owonjezera.
Katswiri wamakono opanga petunias (kumera mbeu).
Zambiri zimadalira ubwino wokhala ndi zokolola - ndibwino kuti muleke kusankha pa mbeu zomwe zatulutsidwa. Ndipo onetsetsani kuti mumawagula okha m'masitolo apadera ovomerezeka.
Nthawi yabwino yofesa ndi February. Kunyumba - kumapeto kwa March. Pankhaniyi, maluwa amayenera kuyembekezera mu May ndi June.
Pofesa, m'pofunika kutenga chidebe chakuya ndi dzenje lazitsulo, lidzazeni ndi gawo lapansi, osatenge masentimita 1-1.5 kumapeto. Petunias amafesedwa pamwamba pa nthaka, osati phulusa ndi nthaka, mwinamwake iwo sangathe kumera. Pofuna kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwerengera, amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira mano.
Mukudziwa? Popeza mbeu ya petunia ndi yaing'ono kwambiri ndipo ikadzala ndi zovuta kuona momwe zimayikidwa pansi, mukhoza kuzibzala pa chisanu. Ndi kosavuta kugawaniza pa chipale chofewa choyera.
Mbeu zofesedwa ziyenera kukonzedwa ndi madzi ophimbidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena magalasi, mapepala, ndi matenda. (Ena a petunia obereketsa amalangiza mbeu kubzala ndi zids.)
Chipinda chimene mbewu zimamera ziyenera kuyatsa bwino, ndikofunika kuti kutentha kusakhale kochepa kuposa 20 ° С (mulingo woyenera - + 23 ° С). Popeza zomera zambiri zimasowa kuwala, zingakhale bwino kukonzekera kuwonjezera kwa maola 14-20. Kunyumba, mungagwiritse ntchito nyali ya fulorosenti.
Nthaŵi ndi nthawi mbewu zimayenera kuwonekera (kwa mphindi 10-15), komanso kuyang'ana chinyezi.
Kuwombera kumawonekera mkati mwa masabata awiri kapena awiri. Ngati patatha nthawiyi sinawonekere, sikuyenera kudikirira - kaya ziphuphu sizidzakhalapo konse, kapena zomera zomwe zimachokera zidzatuluka zofooka ndi zosayenera.
Kusamalira bwino mbande, kudyetsa petunias (kutchera pamalo otseguka kapena potsulo)
Pamene mapeto a timapepala timakhudza chivindikiro kapena galasi, chidebecho chiyenera kutsegulidwa. Kuyambira tsopano, ndi kofunika kwambiri kuti muteteze nthaka chinyezi - ndikofunika kuti musamawerenge kapena kuwatsanulira. Kuthirira kumachitika mu poto kapena pansi pazu.
Mbewu zikangotengedwa ndi zala zanu (kapena maonekedwe a masamba atatu), zimayenera kusankhidwa - zimabzalidwa m'magawo osiyana.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati, chifukwa chake, mukufuna kupeza maluwa abwino okhala ndi mizu yabwino, mungayambe kubzala mbande m'zitsulo zing'onozing'ono, koma patapita mwezi ayenera kusamukira ku chidebe chachikulu. Mitengo yotereyi imakhala yosavuta kusintha.
Pofuna kuti maluwawo azikhala ndi mbali yabwino komanso osatambasula kwambiri, panthawiyi ayenera kukonza kutentha kwapakati pa 18-20 ° C, usiku - + 15 ° C. Mulimonsemo palibe chifukwa choyenera kuthirira masamba.
Patangotha sabata umodzi, zomera zimayenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza yovuta kwambiri. Ngati mbande zafooka, zitha kuthandizidwa ndi feteleza zamchere.
Potsata malangizidwe onse ndi mphukira zabwino, mbande zidzakhala zokonzeka kuziyika mu bedi lamkati pakati pa mwezi wa May - kumayambiriro kwa June. Ngati nyengo imakhala yabwino nthawi yomweyo, mbande ingabzalidwe mabokosi a khonde kapena miphika yopachikidwa.
Momwe mungasamalire chomera chachikulu
Pamene petunia yanu ikukula, muyenera kupitiriza kulamulira zinthu ziwiri: chinyezi cha nthaka ndi kukhalapo kwa zakudya m'thupi. Kuwonjezera apo, kuti petunia akhale ndi mawonekedwe okongola ndi pachimake magnificently, muyenera kuchotsa pamwamba mphukira ndi zina inflorescences. Izi zimachitidwa ndi kusindikiza. Ngati mukuganiza ngati mukufunika kupukuta petunia, timayamikira kwambiri, popeza njirayi ndi yofunika kuti ipange bwino ndikukula.
Kuphimbidwa kwakukulu kumapangidwa pamene chitsamba chimalowa mu gawo la kukula kwachangu ndipo mphukira imatha kutalika kwa masentimita 5-7. Panthawiyi, tsamba lokula pamwamba pa tsamba lachisanu likuchotsedwa. Izi zidzalola kuti mbaliyo ikhale ikukula. Kuchokera pa chifuwa cha tsamba lirilonse limakula mphukira yatsopano. Chitani izi mwa mwezi uliwonse.
Amagwiritsanso ntchito phalasitiki ya petunias mlungu uliwonse, kuchotsa masamba owonjezera pamodzi ndi nyemba za mbewu. Kotero inu muthandiza chomera kuti chiphuphu kwambiri, chifukwa kuchotsedwa kwa ovary kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa maluwa atsopano.
Mbali za kuthirira petunias
Ndikofunika kuthirira petunia tsiku ndi tsiku, panthawi youma - kawiri pa tsiku. Madzi ayenera kulowa m'nthaka yonse, kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi, monga umboni wodumpha m'mayenje. Komanso zomera zimakondwera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse. Ndibwino kuyika miphika sabata iliyonse mu chidebe ndi madzi ozizira. Poyamba kuzizira, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kwafupika.
Chomera chomera ndi feteleza
Chinsinsi cha kukula bwino ndi maluwa ndi kudya kwake nthawi zonse. Pakati pa maluwa kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse, petunia ayenera kumera ndi feteleza yochuluka ya maluwa, makamaka ndi potaziyamu ndi magnesium.
Njira zoberekera zopangira petunias komanso zowonongeka
Kuwonjezera pa njira ya mbewu, kutuluka kwa petunia kungachulukitsire vegetatively. Kuchita izi mu kugwa ayenera kusankha zomera zathanzi, zomwe zakhazikika pambuyo pake. Vuto lalikulu la kubereka mwanjira iyi ndilo kuonetsetsa kuti malo abwino a kusungidwa kwa maselo a mfumukazi - kuyera kwa nthawi yaitali ndi ulamuliro wa kutentha wa 12-15 ° C. Zidutswazo zimachitika mu February-March. Pakuti cuttings ntchito kumtunda kwa mphukira ndi kutalika kwa 4-6 masentimita. Nthawi yomweyo amafesedwa mu gawo lapansi ndipo amawonetsedwa ndi filimu kapena lutrasil.
Kuti mizu ipangidwe, kutentha kwa + 20-22 ° C ndi koyenera. Muzochitika zachibadwa, mizu imapangidwa masiku 6-10. Pambuyo pake masiku khumi ndi awiri, timadontho timene timadzalitsa m'miphika, titatha kumangiriza mapiko awo kuti apange mapangidwe a petunias.
Choncho, tapenda mwatsatanetsatane momwe kuli kofunikira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tchire tomwe tifunikira kukula. Potsata malangizidwewa, ndithudi mudzatha kukula mitsinje yabwino kuchokera maluwa omwe adzakusangalatseni ndi maluwa awo m'nyengo yozizira.
