"Ntchentche" - Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu ya mapulala a Phalaenopsis. Mitundu imeneyi imatchedwa kuti orchid yokhala ndi maluwa oyera komanso osasakaniza maluwa ena. Chomeracho ndi choyenera kwa oyamba ndi odziwa ntchito - ndi wodzichepetsa mu chisamaliro ndi yaitali limamasula. Dziwani bwinoko.
Makhalidwe ndi mbiriyakale ya dzina
Dzina lakuti "phalaenopsis" limamasuliridwa kuti "maonekedwe a njenjete." Izo zimagwirizana ndendende ndi maonekedwe a orchid, ziribe kanthu mtundu wanji. Ili ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri omwe amapanga pulasitiki, choncho ndizochokera kwa iye kuti maluwa a orchid amayamba nthawi zambiri.
Mukudziwa? Vinyola, otchuka ndi okondedwa okometsera ambiri, ndiwo chipatso cha maluwa a orchid banja.
Chomeracho chimakwera kufika 65 cm mu msinkhu, chiri ndi zimayambira ziwiri. Mizu ndi yamphamvu, yaitali, yandiweyani. Masamba amasonkhanitsidwa muzitsulo pamunsi mwa tsinde, ndizosalala komanso zonyezimira. Chomeracho chimamasula kawiri pachaka, ndipo nthawi imeneyi imatha miyezi itatu. Maluwawo ndi aakulu, amafanana ndi gulugufe. Zimayambira mawonekedwe a nyenyezi ndi ozungulira kwambiri.
Chaka chilichonse, zimayambira ndipo, motero, maluwa amaphuka pa iwo akhoza kukhala aakulu. Zimatengera chisamaliro choyenera ndi zikhalidwe za ukaidi. Phalaenopsis amakhala ndi moyo zaka 15. Komabe, ziyenera kunyalidwa m'malingaliro kuti orchid nthawi ndi nthawi imafunika kusinthidwa ndi magawano. 
Momwe mungagulire ndi kukopera maluwa okongola
Pali miphika yambiri ya orchid m'masitolo olima, kotero ndikofunika kusankha chomera chopatsa thanzi komanso chotheka kwambiri.
Fufuzani za mitundu iyi ndi mitundu ya orchid, monga nsapato za venerian, ludizia, cattleya, blilla, phalaenopsis, wanda, celogin, dendrobium, cymbidium, miltonia, cambria, oncidium ndi orchid wakuda.
Kuti muchite izi, tsatirani malangizo awa:
- Timayang'ana pa mizu - ndi zophweka kuchita, chifukwa nthawi zambiri orchid imagulitsidwa miphika yowonekera. Rhizome iyenera kukhala yobiriwira kapena imvi. Izi zimasonyeza thanzi la mbewu. Ndibwino kutenga duwa, momwe nsonga za mizu ya mtundu wobiriwira - chomera muchitetezo cha chitukuko, ndipo ndithudi sichikukhudzidwa ndi matenda. Mizu yomwe ili pamtunda iyenera kukhala yolimba komanso yotanuka.
- Yang'anani masambaI_izo ndi zotanuka, zowirira ndi zobiriwira. Sitiyenera kusokonezeka kumadera, mawanga, mawanga ndi chipika choyera, chifukwa izi zikhoza kusonyeza kuti pali mavitamini.
- Peduncle - Tengani chomeracho ndi masamba osatsegulidwa. Choyamba, mudzasangalala kwambiri ndi maluwa ake. Ndipo kachiwiri, nyumbayo ikhoza kukhumudwitsa maluwa, choncho ikhoza kutaya pakhosi. Mbewu zabwino zimakhala zogwira mtima komanso popanda malo owonjezera.
Sankhani maluwa okoma - iyi ndi theka la nkhondo, chifukwa imayenera kuikidwa bwino. Chitani kokha mudziko losakhala la maluwa.
Ndikofunikira! Orchid yobwera kuchokera ku mayiko ena alibe pasipoti yokhala paokha. Choncho, palibe chomwe chingakutetezeni kugulira chomera. Pofuna kuti abweretse kunyumba maluwa odwala, ayang'anitseni kukhalapo kwa slugs, centipedes, scutes. Nthawi zambiri amafuna kubisala mu rhizome.
Mudzafunika:
- gawo lapadera;
- mphika ndi mabowo pansi;
- mpeni wamphamvu;
- yowonjezera mpweya.
Momwe mungasinthire:
- Lembani chomera molunjika ndi mphika m'madzi kwa mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuchotsa mosavuta kuchoka mu thanki.
Phunzirani momwe mungasankhire choyambira ndi mphika kwa orchid.
- Chotsani mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zili mu mphika, yambani zitsambazo pansi pa madzi ofunda ndikuchotsani malo ovunda ndi owuma. Komanso m'pofunika kuyeretsa rhizomes ya substrate yakale. Pambuyo pake, chokani chomeracho kuti chiume pa thaulo kapena zopukutira.
- Chotsitsimutsa makala amayenera kutambasulidwa bwino ndi kuwawaza pamalo onse omwe mumadula mizu.
- Ikani orchid ndendende mu mphika, mutagwira dzanja limodzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo ndikutsitsa gawolo. Gwiritsani poto pang'onopang'ono kuti pasakhale zotsalira zotsalira mu rhizomes. Onetsetsani kuti orchid imamangiriridwa mwamphamvu osati kugwa.
- Imwani chomera chochepa ndikuyika malo otentha m'nyumba. Musati muike pansi pa dzuwa kapena drafts.
Kusamalira maluwa panyumba
Sungani "mazira a apulosi" ndi abwino chifukwa sizosangalatsa za chisamaliro. Choncho, ndi oyenera kwa iwo amene akufuna kuyamba maluwa a orchid kwa nthawi yoyamba ndipo amaopa kuwononga. Ndipotu, maluwawo ndi otchipa. Choncho, ndikofunika kudziwa malamulo oyang'anira chisamaliro.
Kuunikira
Ikani mphika wa orchid kummawa kapena kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa nyumbayo. Ndibwino kuyika pawindo kuti chomera chikhale ndi kuwala kokwanira. Koma khalani mu malingaliro, dzuwa limatentha dzuwa lingathe kuliwononga. Choncho, sankhani mthunzi wobalalika kapena gwiritsani ntchito khungu.
Ndikofunikira! Chomeracho ndi mawonekedwe ake chidzakuuzani za chomwe chikusowa. Ngati kuwala, masamba adzakhala mdima. Koma masamba a chikasu ndi ofiira - ichi ndi chizindikiro chochepetsera dzuwa. Ndi kusowa kwa chinyezi masamba adzapiringa.
Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kuwala, orchid imangokhala yophukira. Choncho, muzipinda zakuda kapena m'malo ovuta, muyenera kupanga nyali yapadera yokonzekera, maola 10-12 pa tsiku. 
Kutentha
Phalaenopsis amamva bwino pa 17-27 ° C. Madontho otentha a mwadzidzidzi osachepera 4 ° C akhoza kukhumudwitsa maluwa, kotero (makamaka m'nyengo yozizira), yongolani orchid kuchokera pawindo lazenera musanathamangire chipinda. Ndipo ndi bwino kumupeza malo osatha kumene simukusowa kusokoneza.
Chinyezi ndi kuthirira
Chinyezi chiyenera kukhala kuyambira 40 mpaka 70%. Ngati palibe osowa, yesetsani kupopera masamba ndi masamba nthawi zambiri. Koma musati muwatsanulire mu rosette ya masamba, mwinamwake tsinde liyamba kuvunda. Madzi osaposa 1 nthawi pa sabata.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge za momwe mungamwetse orchid.
Yang'anani mmene nthaka imakhalira, mukhoza kuwonjezera madzi. Koma zindikirani kuti utchinga wamwamba umakula mofulumira. Choncho, ndibwino kuti muone ngati chiwerengero cha rhizome ndi nthaka mumphika. Ndi zophweka kuchita izi ngati ziri zomveka. Kutentha kumasonyeza kukhalapo kwa chinyezi mkati, koma zouma zitseko - kusowa. 
Feteleza
Kawirikawiri pachaka m'pofunika kuwonjezera kavalidwe wapadera ku mphika wa orchid. Mankhwalawa amagulitsidwa m'masitolo. Muyenera kuzisunga, kutsatira mosamala malangizo.
Kuswana
Ndi bwino kubzala maluwa kumapeto - idzakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zothandizira. Njira ya zamasamba ndi yokhayo yabwino ndi yolondola kwa orchid yoyera.
Zingakhale zothandiza kuti muwerenge za momwe mungayambire orchid kunyumba.
Palinso mitundu yake: kugawidwa kwa ana, kusonkhanitsa, kulekanitsa mphukira zakumtunda, mababu obereketsa ndi peduncles.
Video: Kubeleka kwa orchid powagawanitsa chitsamba Kugawanika kwa masamba a orchid woyera ndikobwino kuchita izi:
- Chotsani chomera mosamala m'phika ndikuchotsani gawo lapansi ku mizu.
- Dulani mizu m'magawo awiri kuti aliyense akhale ndi mababu awiri.
- Gwiritsani ntchito malo osokoneza bongo ndi osokoneza.
- Bzalani gawo lililonse la maluwa mu miphika yambiri.
Kubereka kwa ana:
- Mphukira imatha kuwonekera pa tsinde, peduncle kapena pazu. Amenewa ndiwo ana, omwe tidzakhala nawo nthawi yayitali kuposa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuchokera pamene iwo akuoneka. Ndiye ali ndi mizu ingapo njira ndi masamba.
- Dulani ndondomekoyi ndikuisiya kwa maola angapo kuti mugone pansi. Ikani chodula pa mayi chomera ndi makala.
- Khalani mwana mu gawo lokonzekera lonyowa. Nthawi yoyamba chinthu chachikulu sichiyenera kudzaza - madzi samangoyamba nthawi yomweyo.
Nthawi yopumula
Nthaŵi yotsalayo ndi mkhalidwe wa chomera pamene imachepetsanso njira za kukula ndi kuchepa kwa thupi. Mu ma orchid oyera, nthawi yoteroyo ikhoza kuchitika pambuyo pa maluwa aatali. Mkhalidwe wa chikhalidwe umakhudza izi kawirikawiri. Phalaenopsis nthawi zambiri alibe nthawi yopumula. Komabe, m'nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kuti musamuvutitse kwambiri, osati kuti azisokoneza, ndipo palibe njira iliyonse yobweretsera.
Kudulira
Pambuyo maluwa, chomera chiyenera kudulidwa. Izi zimachitika nthawi zonse kapena kugona kwa duwa, pamene palibe masamba kapena maluwa. Nthaŵi yoyenera kudulira mitengo ndi October ndi November.
Werengani zambiri za ngati n'zotheka kubwezeretsanso orchid, ngati mizu yavunda, kupanga maluwa amaluwa, komanso momwe angasamalire orchid yomwe yatha.
Mtundu uliwonse wa orchid uli ndi malamulo ake odulira mitengo. Phalaenopsis amayamba kudula pamene maluwa amafota, koma sagwera kuchokera ku zimayambira pano. Gwiritsani ntchito shears kapena lumo lakuthwa kwambiri. Sakanizani mankhwalawa ndi njira yothetsera madzi.
Video: kudulira orchid pambuyo maluwa Dulani zimayambira pomwe maluwa anali. Kuchokera muzu kumasiyidwa ku masentimita 1. Komanso yang'anani mizu, ngati ili mdima ndi yowopsya, ili bwino kwambiri. Ikani magawo omwe amachiritsidwa ndi malasha.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Orchid amadwala kawirikawiri chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera. Chimodzimodzinso ndi tizirombo zomwe zimawoneka ngati sizikutsatira malamulo a kusamalira mbewu.
Werengani zambiri za zomwe mungachite ngati masamba a orchid akutembenukira chikasu kapena kugwa, komanso chifukwa chake pali madontho othamanga.
Tizilombo tosiyanasiyana:
- thrips - tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timasiya madontho wakuda pa masamba ndi njira zasiliva za golide;
- ulonda ndi chishango chabodza - pa masamba akuwoneka ngati osceptible kakang'ono;
- mealybug - zoyera, zochepa, tizilombo timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timayambira pamagulu a masamba ndi mu basal;
- whitefly - tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi mapiko;
- zovuta - achoke m'mapiri ndi mabowo pamasamba;
- nematodes - zamoyo zam'madzi zomwe zimadya masamba komanso zimachokera mkati.
Mukudziwa? Orchid inkaoneka zaka zoposa 145 miliyoni zapitazo. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mabanja akale kwambiri omwe amamera.
Choncho, mtundu wa orchid woyera "Maluwa a Apple" adzakhala wokongoletsera zenera lililonse chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake. Ndipo kudzichepetsa posiya kumalola kuti chomera ichi chifike ngakhale kumayambiriro wamaluwa. Chinthu chachikulu - musayambe kuzungulira orchid ndikuyiyika pamalo otalala.
