Munthu aliyense ayenera kudya mphesa, chifukwa zipatsozi sizokoma, komanso zothandiza kwambiri. Ngati mukufuna kulima mphesa nokha, muyenera kuphunzira mosamala mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kwa okonda mphesa "classics", mutha kulimbikitsa gome la californian mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa zakuda Cardinal, yomwe imapereka zokolola zoyambirira kwambiri.
Mbiri yakulima mphesa za Cardinal
Kadinolo Zosiyanasiyana zidawonekera kalekale - pakati pa zaka zapitazi. Wojambulidwa ndi obereketsa ku California E. Snyder ndi F. Harmon pamtunda wowoloka mitundu ya Mfumukazi ya minda yamphesa ndi Alfons Lavalle. Mitundu yatsopanoyo pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono idafikira ku Italy, Yugoslavia, Greece, France ndi maiko ena aku Europe.
Mu 1958, Kadinala adabwera ku Soviet Russia kuchokera ku France (Montpellier Nursery), kuyambira 1965 adayamba kuyesa mayeso osiyanasiyana, ndipo kuyambira 1974 mitunduyo idalembetsedwera ku State Register of Selection Achievements. Yolembedwa kumpoto kwa Caucasus, ndipo kuyambira 2004 - m'dera Lower Volga.
Mphesa Kadinala ndi mitundu yake pazithunzi
- Khadi la Anapa lotengedwa ndi obereketsa aku Russia ndipo amalimbana kwambiri ndi chisanu
- Zipatso zama Cardinal zimaphimbidwa ndi mawonekedwe osuta a sera
- Cardinal zosagwirizana zimasiyana ndi "kholo" lawo pakulimbana kwakukulu ndi matenda
Kadinolo adakhala maziko a mitundu ina yambiri ya mphesa. Makamaka, pali mitundu ya Anapa Cardinal yomwe idapezedwa ku Russia, ndi khola la Moldovan Cardinal, lomwe limapezeka podutsa Cardinal ndi mphesa za Moldavian ku Criuleni.
Kufotokozera kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana Cardinal
Kadinala ndi tebulo losiyanasiyana lokhala ndi nthawi yakucha kwambiri - masiku 105-110 akutsatira kuyambira chiyambi cha nyengo yolima mpaka kusinthika kwa maburashi oyamba.
Tchire ndizodziwika kuti zimakula kwambiri, mpaka kutalika kwa mamita 3. Zokolola zimatha kukhala zazikuru kwambiri, chifukwa mpaka 70 mphukira zophukira zimapangidwa pachomera chilichonse, pamtunda uliwonse womwe mabrashi 1-2 amapangidwa pafupifupi. Mipesa imacha 1/2 mpaka 2/3 ya kutalika. Madyerawo ndi wandiweyani, masamba ndi akulu, odala, opanda pubescence, ali ndi mano opindika atatu m'mphepete. Maluwa amadzipukuta okha.
Magulu a mawonekedwe a cylindrical-conical (nthawi zina okhala ndi mapiko), okulirapo, koma otayirira. Ndi chifukwa cha kufupika kwa burashi ndi kutalika kwa 25-30 cm kumakhala ndi 300-600 g.
Kadinala imakhala ndi zipatso zazikuluzikulu.
Zipatso zopitilira muyeso kapena zozungulira ndizazikulu kwambiri (kulemera kwa 5-7 g). Chodziwika ndi zipatso ndi zipatso pamtunda. Khungu lowala limapakidwa utoto wofiirira wakuda ndi zokutira utsi. Mtundu wa timadzi totsekemera, owoneka pang'ono pang'ono ndi yoyera. Mbewu 3-4 zibisika zamkati. Zipatsozi zimakoma kwambiri, zotsekemera-zotsekemera, komanso fungo labwino la muscat. Zomwe zili ndi shuga mu zipatso sizokwanira kwambiri - 16-18%, kuchuluka kwa asidi kumafikira 7-8 g / l.
Mphesa Kadinala pavidiyo
Makhalidwe Osiyanasiyana
Mitundu ya Cardinal ili ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zake.
Ubwino:
- kupsa koyambirira;
- zokolola zambiri (mpaka 20-25 makilogalamu kuchokera ku 1 chitsamba);
- Itha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali osataya mtundu;
- kulekerera chilala;
- Lawani zabwino.
Zoyipa:
- samalekerera bwino kugwa kwamtenthete nyengo yakula (kukhetsa kwa ovary ndi maluwa kumachitika, zipatsozo ndizochepa);
- zokolola sizokhazikika;
- kusapsa kwofanana munthawi yomweyo zipatso masango;
- kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira;
- kukana matenda ndi tizirombo;
- kutsimikizika kwadothi labwino ndikusiya (zokolola zimatha kusintha).
Mawonekedwe obzala ndi kukula
Mtundu wa mbewu zamtsogolo zimakhazikitsidwa makamaka ndi kubzala bwino.
Mukamasankha Kadinala malo, muyenera kukumbukira kuti amawakonda kwambiri kuzizira. Chifukwa chake, iyenera kuwunikira malo otenthedwa bwino, otetezedwa ndi mphepo yozizira. Nthaka zoyenera kwambiri zamtunduwu ndi chernozem kapena loams.
Njira zofalitsira mphesa
Njira zabwino zofalitsira Cardinal zosiyanasiyana ndikumalumikiza ma cutplake pa nkhokwe wamkulu, wopambana onse pa Shasla X Berlandieri kapena Berlandieri X Riparia, omwe ali osagwirizana ndi zovuta. Kudula kumafunika kukonzekera bwino. Nthawi zambiri amatuta mu kugwa, nthawi yomwe akudulira mphesa nthawi yachisanu. Ndikofunika kutenga tsinde kuchokera pakatikati pa mphukira yazipatso ndi mulifupi mwake wa 7-10 mm, ndi kutalika kwa Internode pafupifupi masentimita 8. Masamba, mphukira zamtsogolo, mapindikirowa amachotsedwa pa tsinde. Payenera kukhala impso zosachepera 4. Popeza zodulidwa ziyenera kusungidwa mpaka kuphukira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuphimba odulidwa ndi paraffin ndikulowetsa zodulidwazo pang'onopang'ono kwa firiji.
Kuti muteteze odulidwa nthawi yosungirako, zodulidwa zimafunika kumizidwa mu parafini yosungunuka
Nthawi yabwino yopereka katemera ndi masika, kuyambira zaka khumi zapitazi za Epulo mpaka woyamba wa Meyi.
Chitsamba chakale chimachotsedwa, ndikusiya chitsa chaching'ono. Pamwamba pa chitsa chimatsukidwa kuti chikhale chofewa. Katundu ayenera kudulidwa pakati, osamala, pogwiritsa ntchito chipewa chakuthwa ndi nyundo. Mukugawika mbali yakumunsi ya chogwirira, kudula mbali mbali ziwiri.
Katemera ayenera kukokedwa mwamphamvu momwe angathere
Zotetezazo ziyenera kukokedwa mwamphamvu ndikumangirira ndi nsalu yolimba ndikukulira ndi dongo. Chitsamba chosemedwachi chimathirira ndi zidebe za madzi 3-4 ndikuyika mulch dothi kuzungulira chitsamba ndi peat kapena utuchi.
Katemera wa mphesa mu shtamb - kanema
Njira yodalirika yodzala Kadinala ndikukubzala mbewu. Zodulidwa ziyenera kukhala zathanzi, zamphamvu. Kuchuluka kwa maso kuyenera kukhala osachepera 2-3. Zodulidwa zimatha kumera m'madzi mpaka mizu ipite. Ndikofunika kuwaviika mu chopukutira chokula (sodium humate) musanabzike. Wodula wobzalidwa m'nthaka yokonzekeratu, umuna ndi potaziyamu-phosphorous kukonzekera ndi organics. Choyipa cha njirayi ndikufunika kosinthira kutentha. Kutentha kwa dothi kuyenera kukhala osachepera +10 zaC, ndi mpweya - osachepera +15 zaC, apo ayi kudula sikungazike mizu.
Kuti apange mizu, zidutswazo zimamizidwa m'madzi
Malamulo a Kusamalira Mphesa
Kupanga kardinal kumadalira kwambiri mtundu wa chisamaliro. Mukakhala kuti zinthu sizikukula bwino, mtundu ndi kuwola kwa ovary, komanso kupindika kwa zipatso kumayamba.
Zosiyanasiyana zimakonda chinyezi ngakhale kuti zimalekerera chilala. Chinyezi chadothi chizikhala choperewera, koma mosalekeza: ndi chinyezi chowonjezera, zipatsozo zimasweka ndikuvunda. Pamaso pa madzi osasunthika, ndikofunikira kupanga ngalande. Mu nthaka yabwino, mphesa zimafunikira kuthiriridwa katatu pachaka. Chinyezi ndikofunikira makamaka ku tchire nthawi ya budding ndi nthawi yamapangidwe a ovary. Pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse, ndikofunikira kuthira ndowa za madzi 1-2, makamaka kutentha.
Kuti tisunge chinyontho m'nthaka, tikulimbikitsidwa kutseka thunthu ndi mulch kuchokera ku udzu wosenda kapena utuchi.
Kulowetsa dothi ndi udzu kumathandiza kuti nthaka ikhale chinyezi
Tchire la mpesa limafunika kudulira. M'madera otentha akum'mwera, mutha kukulitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Cardinal mwa mtengo wokhala ndi tsinde lalitali - pamenepa, mphesa zimapereka zokolola zambiri, ndipo masango amasiyanasiyana kukula ndi mawonekedwe okongola.
M'madera ozizira, tchire nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ngati chimphona kapena chingwe cholumikizira mbali ziwiri.
Kuti mupeze colon, mipesa yayikulu iwiri imapangidwa pachitsamba cha mpesa, chomwe chimatumizidwa molunjika mbali zosiyanasiyana pa trellis. Pa mipesa yayikulu, mphukira zonse zimachotsedwa, kupatula zina zokhazikika, zomwe zimayikidwa pafupipafupi ndikukhazikika pa trellis.
Chithunzi cha mapangidwe a mphesa mu mawonekedwe a chingwe cha manja-awiri - kanema
Pamene kudulira kwamtchire kuthengo, sikuyenera kupitirira 13-14 zipatso, ndipo chiwerengero chonse cha maso chizikhala 25-30. M'chaka choyamba, gawo wamba limayikidwa, lachiwiri - "manja" anayi kapena kuposerapo (nthambi zamalopa) zimapangidwa, pomwe mphukira za zipatso zimayikidwa kumayambiriro kwa chaka chachitatu.
Kupanga kwa zimatenga zaka zitatu
Kuphatikiza pa kuthirira ndi kudulira, Cardinal amafunikanso kuvala pafupipafupi. Zamoyo monga manyowa kapena humus zimayambitsidwa mu kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira mwa kuluka tchire ndi feteleza wandiweyani (5-8 cm).
Kuphatikiza pazachilengedwe, ndikofunikira kudyetsa mphesa ndi mchere (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wovuta). Izi zimachitika katatu pakulima: masamba amawonekera, masamba asanatseguke, mtundu utatha ndikuyamba kukolola.
Kuwaza ndi kuthana ndi yankho la sulfate yachitsulo kumathandizira kuthetsa chimodzi mwazoyipa za mitunduyo - kucha kosaphatikizika kwa zipatso.
Popeza Khadinala ndiosakhazikika pamatenda, ndikofunikira kuchitira chithandizo chanthawi yake munthawi yake. Popeza Cardinal makamaka ali ndi matenda a fungus, mpesa umathandizidwa makamaka ndi fungicides. Kukonzekera monga colloidal sulfure kapena Ridomil kumatha kusungunuka m'madzi ndikuthira timadzi ndi timbewu, kuyesera kupopera mbali zonse za masamba, komanso makungwa a mphukira.
Kuteteza mphesa ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga - kanema
Zilombo zazikulu za mphesa ndi mavu ndi mbalame. Ndipo kwa iwo, komanso kwa ena, mutha kudziteteza mwa kumanga burashi iliyonse mchikwama cha gauze kapena minofu yopyapyala. Zachidziwikire, njirayi imafunikira nthawi yambiri ndikugwira ntchito, koma chitetezo ndichotsimikizika.
M'nyengo yozizira, baka la Cardinal amayenera kuphimbidwa (kupatula kum'mwera). Kuti muchite izi, ikadulira m'dzinja, mipesa imamangirizidwa m'mitolo ndikukutira pansi, kenako ndikumangirizidwa ndi udzu kapena yokutidwa ndi filimu kapena dothi.
Mpesa wokutidwa mu kanema ukhoza kuwazidwa mbali ndi dziko lapansi ndikuphwanyidwa ndi miyala kuti utetezedwe bwino.
Kututa, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu
Mutha kuyamba kukolola mphesa za Cardinal mu theka loyamba la Ogasiti. Maburashi amadulidwa ndi secateurs, ndikusiya mwendo 4-5 cm. Poyendetsa, mabasiketi osaya kapena mabokosi amatabwa ndioyenera kwambiri, momwe ndikofunikira kuyika mphesa mwamphamvu.
Kadinala amasungidwa kwanthawi yayitali - pafupifupi miyezi itatu m'chipinda chozizira chinyezi chambiri.
Ngakhale cholinga cha tebulo, chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zoumba, juwisi, compote, ndi kusunga.
Kuyambira mphesa mutha kuphika compote wokoma
Ndemanga zamaluwa
Khadinali wanga, wapakatikati, amakula pa loam, yemwe adapezeka ku Botanical Garden mu 2006, samabweretsa mavuto ndi matenda omwe ali ndi chithandizo cha 2-3, zipatso ndi zokulirapo, koma, kwenikweni, osati Talisman, masango ndi akulu - 0,8-1.2 kg. Gulu lalikulu kwambiri la mitundu yanga linangokulira pa Kadinala - 2.2 kg. Kununkhira ndikodabwitsa, kununkhira ndikodabwitsa. Kodi kucha. Ndipo imakhwima kumapeto kwa Seputembala kapena koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Ndimayesetsa kuti ndisamadzaze. Malinga ndi ndemanga zina zakomweko, kusintha kwa nthawi yakupsa ndi chithunzi chochitika cha zosiyanasiyana ku Saratov.
Vic, Saratov//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=569720
Chaka chino, ma Cardinal osiyanasiyana sanakhwime koyambirira, anali atatha kale kumapeto kwa Julayi .. Nthawi zambiri amapsa m'masiku oyambira Ogasiti, panthawiyi zonse zomwe zili nazo ndizabwino komanso zowawa.
mpainiya 2//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=569720
Ndipo Kadinala wanga samadwala, ngakhale kuti pali kufupika kwa BCR komwe kumakula pafupi ndipo mipesa yake imamera nthawi zina, koma Kadinala satenga kachilomboka (ngakhale idalandiridwa kangapo nthawi yachilimwe popewa kuteteza) Kukula ndi kwamphamvu kwambiri 4-5 m ndipo kucha ndi kwabwino .Kukoma ndi chozizwitsa chabe, ndimakomedwe a nutmeg ndi zolemba zamaluwa ndi zipatso (sindingathe kufotokoza ndendende). Pazambiri, ndizokoma kwambiri, sindinayandikire pafupi ndi Khadinali wogulitsidwayo, ngakhale masango siabwino komanso ang'ono. Inde, sindine kuthamangitsa misanje yayikulu. Ndimalima mphesa za ine ndi abale anga. Ndinaonanso kuti kukoma kwake kudakhala kowonjezereka bwino ndi kukula kwa nkhuni zosatha. Ndikukonzekera kuchotsa BSR yotsatira ndikukhazikitsa mpesawo pamalo ake pa trellis. Ndimaliphimba ndi dziko lapansi chaka chilichonse .. Tsopano pali matalala osakwanira 20 madigiri. wopanda matalala, ngakhale atakhala oundana motani, zosanjikiza za dziko lapansi sizili zokuyira.
Kalinovka//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-1846-p-2.html
Mitundu ya mphesa za Kardinal. Mutha kunena zapamwamba
mpainiya 2//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=359.0
Mphesa Kadinala - osati mitundu yosavuta kukula. Komabe, ngati muli okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yanu kuisamalira ndikuiteteza ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, mtunduwu wachikhalidwe chapamwamba ungakusangalatseni ndi zokolola zambiri za zipatso zazikuluzikulu zokhala ndi fungo la nati. Mwa kukoma, akatswiri ambiri amati mitundu iyi ndi mphesa zapamwamba.
