Ficus ndi chomera chobiriwira nthawi zonse kumalo otentha. Woimira banja la Mulberry wakula ngati duwa lamkati padziko lonse lapansi. Ficus wofala kwambiri chifukwa cha kusazindikira kwake komanso kukongoletsa kwake.
Ficus: Kufotokozera kwamitundu
Mitundu yambiri ndi ma epiphytes akupanga mizu ya mlengalenga, yomwe, ikatsikira mu dothi, imapereka chomera chatsopano. Maonekedwe a tsamba lamasamba ndi osiyanasiyana: ndi m'mphepete mwa seva, chowulungika, cholumikizira, xiphoid kapena malembedwe. Ficuses imakhala ndi madzi oyera oyera - milky, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, koma ngati ikhudzana ndi khungu, mitundu ina ya zonyansa imakhumudwitsa. Ma inflorescence nawonso ndi osiyana, amasankha gulu kapena kukula mosiyana, kuyimira mpira wandiweyani, kumtunda komwe kuli bowo. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amawonekera mkati mwa gawo. Kunyumba, ziphuphu zimamera pachimake kwambiri, chifukwa tizilombo tifunika kupukutidwa. Zipatsozi zili ngati mtedza waung'ono wokhala ndi zamkati ndi mbewu zambiri.
Gulu la Ficus
Mpaka pano, obereketsa abereka mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe. Amagawika m'magulu atatu, gulu lirilonse lomwe limakhala ndi zake, zosamalira ndi zina zakunja:
- ngati mtengo
- opambana
- shrubby.
Wonga mtengo
Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala mbewu zazikulu zamabatani zomwe zimatalika mamita 2-5. Choyambirira chachikulu ndicho thunthu lolimba lomwe limasunga mphukira modalirika. Mawonekedwe a masamba amtunduwu ndi osiyana: pali oimira omwe ali ndi mbale zazing'ono za ovate kapena zazitali, zokutira ndi sera wamasamba.
Mtunduwu umakula mwachangu ndi okonda maluwa amkati chifukwa chakuzindikira kwawo komanso kukula msanga.
Ampelic
Mtundu wokongoletsa kwambiri, womwe umaphatikizapo mitundu yazing'ono komanso yaying'ono yokhala ndi mphukira zazitali zopachika. Masamba amakhala ozunguliridwa, zobiriwira zakuda, nthawi zambiri amakula mosiyana. Mapazi ndi okonda mthunzi, akhonza kukula ngakhale poyera.
Zimayambira zimayimiridwa ndi zophukira za lianoid zomwe sizikufuna zothandizira zina. Zimafalikiridwa ndi zigawo ndi impso. Zidutswa zamtunduwu zimazika mizu mofulumira ndikupanga mizu yatsopano pakatha masiku.
Shrubby
Mu chilengedwe, oyimira payekha amtunduwu amatha kufikira 60-70 mamita kutalika, komabe, mitundu yaying'ono idapangidwa kuti izisunga m'nyumba zomwe ndizoyenera kuzisamalira. Zimayambira ndi wandiweyani, nthawi zambiri ndimatumbo, mumakhala madzi oyera, omwe akakwiya ndi mucous nembanemba angayambitse mkwiyo.
Masamba ovundikira okhala ndi nsonga yosongoka, utoto wobiriwira. Sichifalikira, timaluwa tating'ono tating'ono tomwe sitimayimira zokongoletsera timene timapezeka pamabowo. Zitsamba za Shrub zimasowa kuwala kowala ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse.
Zithunzi zojambula zojambulajambula zotchuka kwambiri zokhala ndi mayina:
Ficuses odziwika kwambiri
Zoweta panyumba, obereketsa apanga mitundu yapadera ndi mitundu yomwe imadziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa, chifukwa cha masamba ophuka, mphukira zambiri ndikukula msanga.
Microcarpa
Yofesedwa ficus-yopatsa chidwi ndi nthambi zambiri zopulasitiki kumtunda, zomwe zimayenera kukonzedwa pafupipafupi. Pesi ndi lokuda, lamtchire, limakula mpaka 50 cm, ndipo mulifupi mwake pafupifupi 10-15 cm.
Masamba ndi ochepa, amabiriwira. Imalekerera ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizira ndikudula. Osalemekeza, kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda opatsirana. Kodi sikuti pachimake.
Werengani zambiri apa.
Benjamina
Mtundu wotchuka womwe umaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri: wamtali komanso wamtali. Maonekedwe a tsamba latsamba ndi osiyana: pali oimilira okhala ndi ovoid, xiphoid kapena ofanana ndi tsamba la mapulo okhala ndi konsekonse, pali lopindika.
Tsinde ndi lamtundu wamitundu yobiriwira. Zipatsozo ndizochepa, zikuwoneka ngati mtedza wawong'ono pang'ono. Zofunikira zazikulu za chisamaliro ndizofika mwachindunji ku kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikusungitsa kutentha kwa kutentha mkati mwa +18 ... +23 ° ะก, kuthirira ndi kupopera nthawi zonse, makamaka nyengo yotentha.
Zambiri za Benjamin Ficus zalembedwa pano.
Katemera wa mphira
Lalikulu ndi masamba akuluakulu owoneka bwino amtundu wakuda wobiriwira, wokutidwa ndi sera wamasamba. Ficus amakula mokulira komanso mwachangu, mizu yake ndi yokhazikika, imatenga malo ambiri, kotero mtunduwu umafunikira zozama ndikuzisintha nthawi zonse kuti mbewuyo isadzazidwe.
Ma sheet amayenera kutsanulidwa nthawi zonse ndikusesedwa ndi chinkhupule kapena nsalu. Dzinalo limapezeka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amapezeka mumipaka, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale popanga mphira.
Werengani zambiri za chisamaliro cha mphira pano
Benedict
Kunyumba, imakula ndi 50-60 masentimita, m'chilengedwe imatha kupitirira mamitala 20. Masamba amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka: otalika, okhala ndi nsonga yolunjika (acutifoliate), kuwala kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena kuwala kwamtundu umodzi. Pesi ndiyowongoka, yokhazikika, kumtunda iyo imaphukira ndipo imatulutsa mphukira zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka.
Zimafunikira kusunga kutentha kwa chipinda ndi kuwala kozungulira, ndikololera mthunzi, ndikakonzedwa pafupipafupi kumadwala ndipo kumatha kufa. Imalekerera kudulira ndipo imafunika kudya pafupipafupi.
Chibengali
Chowoneka ndi mawonekedwe ndi mphukira zambiri za airy zomwe zimatsika kolona wa chimeracho ndikuzu mu dothi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ulimi ukhale kunyumba. Kutalika kwa ficus m'nyumba ndi 3-5 m, pomwe m'mimba mwake ndi wokulirapo kangapo. Masamba a masamba ndiotakata, amtundu, wobiriwira wakuda wokhala ndi mitsempha yoyera.
Thunthu lake limakhala lamanjenje, loonda. Chomera chimafuna mphika waukulu ndikudulira nthawi zonse. Oimira ndi osasunthika pakuchoka ndikukula bwino m'magawo, komanso m'malo abwino.
Komanso werengani nkhani yabwino kwambiri ku Bengal ficus.
Dubolistny (phiri)
Ficker wicker wokhala ndi masamba osazolowereka, akhakula komanso ofanana ndi thundu.
Mphukira zake ndi nthambi, zobiriwira.
Ginseg
Chomera chapadera chokhala ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka: thunthu lalikulu lakuthwa ndi korona yaying'ono wokhala ndi masamba ambiri ang'ono (masamba ang'ono-ang'ono). Mizu imayimiriridwa ndi nthambi zam'mwamba komanso zapansi, pomwe yoyambayo imakhala yolimba ndipo imakhala ndi utoto wofanana ndi tsinde.
Ficus salekerera dzuwa mwachindunji ndipo amatha kusintha masamba posintha malo. Komabe, nyamazo sizifunikira chisamaliro, zimalekerera kutentha pang'ono ndipo zimayamba kugwira ntchito ngakhale nthawi yozizira.
Montana
Shrub yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira omwe masamba obiriwira obiriwira omwe amakhala ndi malekezero akulu amakula, mpaka pafupifupi 8 cm. Ili ndi zipatso zazing'ono, chifukwa zimakhwima, kusintha mtundu kuchokera ku chikasu kukhala chofiira.
Woimira bwino kukongoletsa, yemwe ali woyenera kukula m'kuwala kulikonse. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchera malo, ngakhale imaganiziridwa ngati udzu kudziko lakwawo. Wokonda kutentha, safuna chisamaliro chapadera.
Moklame
Wamtali ndi korona wozungulira. Phesi laling'ono, pamwamba pomwe limamera masamba akuluakulu owala amtundu wowala. Ndikofunikira kusankha malo oyenera, popeza mmera sukulola kusanja, kutentha kwambiri ndi kuwongolera dzuwa, ndiye kuti mphikawo suyenera kuyikidwa pawindo kapena pafupi ndi mabatire.
Mphepo yotentha imakhudza mkhalidwe wa duwa. Ficus yotsalayi ndiyosazindikira komanso yolimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Carika
Choyimira chamtengo chamaluwa, popeza zipatso zokoma - nkhuyu zimamera. Chikhalidwe chokhazikitsidwa kunyumba chimatha kukhala mpaka zaka 15-17 mosamalitsa. Chomera chimataya masamba nthawi zonse, m'malo momwe chatsopano chimawonekera.
Ficus amafunika kupatsidwa nthawi zonse ndikudulidwa kuti thupi likhale lamphamvu. Tsinde ndi lofiirira, lolimba, lokhala ndi nthambi zambiri. Masamba ndi akulu, obiriwira okhala ndi mitsempha yoyera.
Melanie
Kukula kumachitika m'njira yachilendo: poyambira, mizu ya mpweya pamimba yopanda kanthu, yomwe imatsikira m'nthaka, ndikupanga mitengo ya banyan (mitundu ya moyo ndi thunthu). Masamba a masamba ndi gloss, sera wokutira, wobiriwira wakuda wokhala ndi malekezero.
Zipatsozo zimakhala ndi poizoni, msuzi wa mmera umayambitsa kukwiya pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba. Siloleza mpweya wotentha ndikusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha. M'dziko lakwawo ku Indonesia, mtunduwu umagawidwa ngati mbewu yopatulika.
Parcel
Imakhala ndi nthambi komanso masamba owoneka bwino. Maonekedwe okongoletsera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa malowa ndi opanda ulemu ndipo amatha kudzalidwa pang'ono.
Imakula ndipo imakula mwachangu, ndikupanga nthambi zambiri. M'chilimwe, limakulidwanso m'malo otetemera, safuna feteleza wowonjezera, ndipo amalimbana ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Ivy
Nthambi za Lianoid zimafika m'miyeso yayikulu, motero pamafunika malo ambiri kuti mbewu zikule ndi kukula. Imakhwitsidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana, m'nyumba komanso m'malo obisika.
Sichosankha za kapangidwe ka dothi komanso kuyatsa, koma samalolera kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha. Masamba ndiwobiriwira, obiriwira okhala ndi nsonga yosaloledwa. Sichifunika thandizo lina; imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima khwatsi.
Amstel
Fikini yachilendo ndi mawonekedwe apadera okhala ndi phesi lolimba. Pamwamba pali korona wamkulu wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira pang'ono obiriwira pang'ono obiriwira pang'ono.
Imatha kukula ngakhale pakuwala kwadzuwa, choncho m'chilimwe sikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera pamenepo mthunzi popanda chosowa chapadera. Kuthirira kumayenera kukhala kwachizolowezi, koma osati pafupipafupi, chifukwa kusayenda kwamadzi pansi kungayambitse imfa.
Pumila White
Lianiform yokhala ndi nthambi zazitali zazitali. Masamba ndi apakatikati, oolumikizika mawonekedwe ndi mbali yakumapeto, mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mphukira zimatha kufika pamtunda pafupifupi masentimita 5, kulekerera chiwonongeko ndikuthira bwino.
Ili ndi mizu yambiri ya mlengalenga yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka. Kukula mwachangu komanso kukula kulikonse. Sifunika chisamaliro chowonjezera; kuthirira nthawi zonse ndi mpweya wonyowa kumafunikira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa maluwawa ndi feteleza wachilengedwe.
Zopanda
Imafika kutalika pafupifupi 1-1.5 m ndipo, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, imapanga nthambi zambiri. Pesi ndi lamtundu, wowonda, komanso la bulauni. Chofunikira kwambiri pa fikayi ndi masamba ake osazolowereka: amatha kukula m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, pamtengo umodzi ndi wozungulira, wowoneka wamtima, ozungulira ndi xiphoid.
Mtundu wawo ndi wobiriwira wakuda ndi utoto wonyezimira. Zipatsozo ndizochepa, zamafuta, zofanana ndi azitona, koma sizidyedwa, chifukwa zimakhala ndi poyizoni.
Tsamba lalikulu
M'chilengedwe chimatha kufikira 60 m kapena kupitilira, pakhomo chimakula ndi 3-5 mamita. Tsinde ndilolimba, lamphamvu, lolimba, lopanda nthambi zambiri. Mphukira zambiri ziyenera kukonzedwa pafupipafupi kuti fikesiyo ikhale yabwino kwambiri ndikukula.
Masamba ndiotakata, owala, akulu, samatchedwa tsamba lalikulu, adakutidwa ndi sera tambiri, chifukwa chake amalimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Mtunduwu umadziwika kuti ndi umodzi wakale kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Retuza
Mtengo wopindika ndi mizu yolimba bwino. Dzina lina ndi mtengo wa Laurel. Masamba amakhala ochepa kukula ndi fungo labwino. Pa thunthu pali njira zambiri zazing'ono, zomwe zimafanana ndi zofiira, zomwe kudzera mumlengalenga zimachitika.
Nthambi zimasinthasintha, zimalekerera kudulira bwino. Mphepo yowuma ndi yamoto imasokoneza duwa, chifukwa chake fikayi imayenera kuyikidwa kutali ndi mabatire ndi zotenthetsa. Kupopera mankhwalawa kumafunikira.
Lirata
Chomera chobadwa ku Africa chakhala chachikulu ngati duwa la malo aofesi, chifukwa chosabereka. Imatha kufikira zazikulu zazikulu, chifukwa chake, imafunikira kudulira pafupipafupi, apo ayi imataya kukongoletsa kwake.
Thunthu lake ndi lakuda, masamba ndi akulu, mulifupi, amatumphukira mpaka kumapeto, akhakula. Simalola kuti dzuwa lizichoka mwachindunji komanso kuti madzi azisokonekera m'nthaka. Kukana tizirombo ndi matenda opatsirana. Amayamba kukula pang'ono.
Rubiginosa
Kukula kwapakatikati ndi mtundu wamtundu wa masamba: m'munsi mumakhala nthenga za lalanje zakuda zomwe zimafanana ndi dzimbiri, motero dzina lina la mbewuyo ndi tsamba la Rusty. Amakula mothandizidwa ndi mizu yambiri ya mlengalenga ndi kuyala. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala zofiira. Zabwino kuswana.
Ndiwosasamala mu chisamaliro, koma samakula bwino mzipinda zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi chochepa. Zowonjezera zazowona za mchere zimafunika.
Chithunzi Woyera (Religiosis)
Tsinde limasinthasintha, limakhala louma, limakhazikika m'munsi. Masamba amaumbidwa ndi mtima womaliza. Ili ndi malo apadera: m'mene mafunde amlengalenga amasintha, duwa limayamba "kulira".
Kumapeto kwa masamba, masamba amadzimadzi akuwoneka akungoyenda m'nthaka. Kuunikira bwino kosakanikirana ndi chinyezi chachikulu ndizofunikira. Kwa Abuda, ficus iyi imawonedwa kuti ndi yopatulika.
Komanso werengani nkhani yokhudza ficus yopatulika.
Makani atatu
Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera atatu amizere, omwe ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda. Chomera cha Shrub chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyumba komanso maofesi.
Amakula bwino m mderalo komanso m'malo owala bwino. Sililekerera kukonzekera komanso kugwa kwamphamvu kutentha. Kunyumba, sikufuna pachimake. Thunthu lake ndi lopindika pang'ono, laimvi.
Zokwawa
Lianiform yokhala ndi nthambi zazitali, pomwe masamba ang'onoang'ono osiyanasiyana Imatha kufikira zazikulu zazikulu, kotero kukhalapo kwa chithandizo ndikofunikira. Mphukira imasinthasintha, kulekerera kudulira bwino.
Hardy, imatha kukula pamtunda wotsika, kulekerera kutentha ndi mpweya wouma, koma kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ziyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa organic kasupe aliyense, koma osati kawirikawiri, apo ayi mbewuyo imayamba kutaya masamba.
Operewera
Wofanana ndi mtengo waukulu, womwe umakhala waukulu tsinde lalifupi ndi korona wokona. Masamba ndi odera, obiriwira opepuka, okhala ndi malekezero. Ili ndi mizu yolimba pansi panthaka komanso yoyala.
Zofunikira zowunikira mwachindunji, zowonjezera monga ma phytolamp zimafunikira nthawi yozizira. Imalekerera kukonzekera bwino, kutentha nthawi zonse kumakhalabe kutentha kwa chipinda. Maonekedwe okongoletsera awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa nyumba ndi nyumba zobiriwira.
Ampelic
Chomera chofanana ndi mphukira zokwawa. Masamba a masamba ndi ochepa, pali oimira omwe ali ndi motley komanso mtundu wowonekera. Kuti chitukuko chikule, ficus amafunika dothi losakanikirana, zomwe zimapangidwa pafupi kwambiri ndi zachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewuyo imafunikira kutentha ndi chinyezi china, zomwe zimasokoneza kwambiri kubzala kwa mtunduwu kunyumba.
Mtengowo umapweteka kwambiri, ndipo ngati ungamwetsedwe moyenerera, umayambukiridwa ndi zowola mizu.Komabe, poganizira zobisika zonse zochoka, mutha kubereka fikeli zochulukirapo m'malo obisika.
Varietis
Kukula kwapakatikati ndi masamba okhazikika ndi zitsinde zolimba. Ndikofunikira kupereka zowunikira zowonongeka ndi chinyezi chachikulu.
Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, koma kuthirira pafupipafupi kumatha kuwononga duwa. Amasinthitsa bwino malo ndikusintha kwa dothi latsopano.
Reed
Mwachilengedwe, ndi mtengo wokhala ndi masamba ang'ono. Mu chipinda chikhalidwe chokhazikika pazothandizidwa. Zojambula modekha. Kutentha kwamoto, kutentha kwa okhutira + 17 ... +22 ° C.
Amakonda kuthirira pang'ono komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi owira otentha. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa dzinja mpaka chirimwe, kudulira kumachitika ndi kukula kwamasamba.
