Ehmeya ndi maluwa osatha a nkhalango zotentha kuchokera ku banja la bromeliad, wobadwira ku Central ndi South America. Imamera pamtengo mitengo yakale (epiphyte).
Pali mitundu yachilengedwe yapadziko lapansi. Ojambula maluwa amayamikiridwa chifukwa masamba okongoletsera amapanga fundeni, komanso maluwa osazolowereka. Ndizokhalitsa, kutulutsa kulikonse ndikusakwatiwa.
Kufotokozera za ehmei
Dzinali limatanthawuza nsonga za nsonga, kuchokera ku Greek "aechme". Maluwa okhala ndi zowala nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa pa maluwa awo:
- Tsinde lidafupikitsidwa. Masamba ndi aatali, otentheka mwamphaso kumapeto, amapanga rosette yooneka ngati utoto. Mtundu wawo umatha kukhala wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira, wobiriwira kapena wamizere.
- Ma inflorescence ndi osiyanasiyana: mantha, mutu, kangaude. Broker amakhala ofiira kapena apinki. M'machimo awo muli maluwa ofiira, abuluu kapena ofiirira.
- Muzu sukulitsidwa bwino, gawo lake lalikulu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mbewuyo ili pachithandizo.
Gawani mitundu 280 ya ecmea. Kudziwa malamulo a chisamaliro, iwo amakhala akuluakulu kunyumba.
Mitundu yamkati ehmei
| Mutu | Masamba | Maluwa |
| Zowala | Mtundu wa kumtunda ndi wobiriwira, mbali yakumunsi ndi yofiirira. Chosavuta kusamalira. | Mtundu wamakhola wokhala ndi malire. Inflorescence mantha. |
| Mzere wapawiri | Mtundu wobiriwira, wopapatiza, umapanga rosette yowuluka (m'mimba mwake mpaka 1 mita). | Kujambula kwa Lilac. |
| Bearded (Wotetezedwa) | Wobiriwira wowala, wamphamvu. | Wagolide Inflorescence mantha. Ali ndi mkulu wapamwamba wokhala ndi duwa loyera. |
| Zovala (Fasciata) | Mitengo yayitali yozikopa ndi yoyera yopyapyala. Zinthu zapoizoni zilipo, zimatha kuyambitsa khungu losatetezeka. | Buluu. Mutu waukulu wa inflorescence mpaka 30 cm. |
| Weilbach | Wofewa khungu losalala lokhala ndi tinge ofiira m'munsi. | Blui yokhala ndi malire oyera. |
| Yokhota | Chingwe. Itha kumera ngati epiphyte komanso pansi. | Mutu wa inflorescence umatha kufika 20 cm. |
| Shaggy, kapena Linden | Kutalika, mpaka 1 mita. | Utoto wachikasu. |
| Echmea wa Mfumukazi Mary | Maso osowa. | Ali ndi maluwa omwe amachita amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Ma Hummingbird amapukutidwa mwachilengedwe, machitidwe opangidwa m'nyumba. Kukongola inflorescence mpaka 50 cm. |
Kukula ehmei m'nyumba
| Nyengo / Zinthu | Kasupe | Chilimwe | Wagwa | Zima |
| Malo | Windows yoyang'ana kumadzulo kapena kummawa. Tetezani ku zolemba. | |||
| Kutentha | + 22 ... +28 ºС | + 19 ... +21 ºС | ||
| Kuwala | Kubalalika | Kuonjezera maola masana mpaka maola 14-16 pogwiritsa ntchito phytolamp. Phatikizani masentimita 50 pamwamba pamphika. | ||
| Chinyezi | Spray tsiku lililonse. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda, ofunda. Ikani pa tray ndi miyala yonyowa. | M'mawa, utsi ngati kutentha kumaposa +20 ° C. Ngati m'munsi, tengani madziwo m'madzi. Pukutani fumbi pamasamba ndi nsalu yonyowa. | ||
Zobisika za kubzala ndi kufalitsa ehmei
Kuti mufike bwino, muyenera kudziwa zina zake.
Kwa ehmei ndibwino kusankha lonse, osati mphika wakuya, chifukwa mizu yake ndiyapamwamba. Dzenje lokwanira likufunika.
Chidebe chopangidwa ndi pulasitiki osati ceramic chimakonda. Yotsirizirayi izizizira pang'ono. Duwa lotentha limakonda kutentha. Kukula kwa poto kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu pang'ono kuposa kuchuluka kwa mizu. Kukhazikika ndi kukongola kudzapereka mphika.
Dothi la bromeliad limagulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera.
Ndikothekanso kukonza nthaka nokha. Ndikofunika kuti amasulidwe.
Pali njira zingapo zakapangidwe:
- Khungwa la paini, mchenga wowuma, sphagnum wopindika malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa 1: 1: 1. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera ziwengo za peat ndi nyanga.
- Dothi lapansi, humus, sphagnum (1: 1: 1). Ndikofunika kuwonjezera njerwa zakale zophwanyika.
Kusakaniza kwanyumba kokhazikika kuyenera kuthilitsidwa ndi kuwaza mu uvuni kapena kuthira madzi otentha pamwamba pake.
Kuika kumafunika kamodzi pachaka, mu Marichi.
Thirani zina ndi zina:
- pangani danga lokwanira mu chidebe chokonzedwa, pafupifupi ⅓ mwa voliyumu. Izi ndi chitetezo kuteteza kumadzi;
- kutsanulira 1-2 masentimita osakanikirana ndi dothi;
- chotsani duwa pachidacho, sansani pansi, dulani zouma ndi mizu;
- kuwaza ndi akanadulidwa okhazikika kaboni magawo, youma kwa 2 maola;
- ikani chidebe chatsopano, onjezani dothi osasinja;
- sansani pang'ono pang'ono kugawa nthaka;
- kumapeto kwa Thirani, khalani mumthunzi osathirira kwa masiku atatu, ino ndi nthawi yosinthira mizu.
Kudyetsa ndi kuthirira ehmei
Pa kuthirira gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofewa, okhazikika, otentha nthawi zonse. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, kuthirira nthawi zonse ndi kofunikira kumafunikira, choyamba mu mulingo, kenako ndikuthira pansi. Madzi mu malo ogulitsira azisinthidwa masabata awiri aliwonse, kuti asasokonekere. Mutha kukhetsa madzi owonjezera poyesa mbewuyo, kuigwira mwamphamvu, kapena kuichotsa ndi chopukutira.
M'dzinja-nthawi yozizira, madzi ochepa. Pamatenthedwe otsika +20 ° C ndikofunikira kuti malo azisungunuka.
Kudyetsa ndi feteleza wa bromeliad kuyambira March mpaka Okutobala, milungu iwiri iliyonse, kuphatikiza ndi njira yopanda madzi ndi kuthirira. Pukutira ndi yankho kapena kuthira mu chogwirizira.
Kufalikira kwa ehmei
Echmea imafalikira mwa mbewu ndi njira zamasamba.
Kufesa mbewu ndikulimbikitsidwa mu Epulo mu peat yotayirira. Phimbani mbewuzo ndi filimu (galasi). Ventilate ndikunyowetsa nthaka tsiku lililonse. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusunga kutentha kwamkati + 23 ... +26 ° С ndikuwonetsa zowunikira, koma kuyatsa.
Pomwe masamba awiri awonekera, idumphira m'madzi. Kwa mbande, kutentha kwa +22 ° C ndikoyenera. Pakatha chaka, kuziika ngati chomera chachikale mumphika woyenera. Limamasula patatha zaka pafupifupi 4.
Njira yamasamba sikuvutikira.
Mayiyo, atamaliza maluwa, amapereka moyo zingapo zingapo - ana. Afunika kukula ndikupeza mizu yawo. Zikafika 15-20 cm, zimatha kuziika. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mu Marichi, kuchotsa chomera mosamalitsa mu duwa la maluwa. Tsatirani njira za mwana ndi mizu ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Magawo amathandizidwa ndi kaboni wosweka. Ikani mu miphika mpaka 9 cm.
Gwiritsani ntchito dothi losakaniza ndi tsamba, mchenga ndi peat (2: 1: 1). Valani ana osinthidwa ndi filimu yowonekera ndikusunga m'chipinda chowala, chowala. Ikani mu miphika yokulirapo mutazika mizu. Kodi pachimake mu 1-2 zaka.
A Chilimwe wokhala nawo amalangiza: thandizani ehmey pakupanga maluwa
Ehmeya limamasuka bwino ndi chisamaliro choyenera. Mutha kuthandiza chomera kutulutsa msanga, chifukwa muyenera kuyika apulo kapena malalanje mumphika. Kuphika chilichonse ndi filimu sikungokhala zolimba. Zipatsozi zimatulutsa mpweya wa ethylene, womwe umalimbikitsa maluwa. Calcium carbide imachitanso. Iyenera kuyikidwamo ndi madzi. Akamacheza, chinthu chomwecho - ethylene - chimasulidwa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta esmea
| Tizilombo | Kuwonetsera | Zoyenera kuchita |
| Spider mite | Pali mawanga bulauni pamashamba opangira masamba. Amauma, amagwa. | Chitani ziwalo zonse ndi Fosbecid kapena Decis. Chinyezi chabwino m'nthaka komanso m'mlengalenga ndizofunikira kupewa. |
| Chotchinga | Masamba amatembenukira chikasu, chouma, chomata ndi tizilombo. Chomera chimachepetsa kukula. | Nyowetsani chopukutira m'madzi a sokosi kapena mowa ndikuchotsera tizilombo masamba. Kukonzekera Karbofos ndi Actellik amachita mbali zonse za chomera. |
| Mealybug | Masamba amazirala, makamaka okhala ndi zipatso zambiri, mbewuyo imakula. | Gwiritsani ntchito karbofos. |
| Muzu wa mphutsi | Zimakhudza muzu, kutsogola kuola kwake. Pa mizu pamakhala zotupa zoyera, ngati zofunda za thonje. Kukula kumayambira, masamba amatembenuka, kupindika, youma, kugwa. | Kuchepetsa kuthirira. Chitani ndi Phasalon ndi Karbofos. |
| Zovunda | Masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa chifukwa chinyezi zambiri. | Chotsani ehmey mumphika, muzimutsuka mizu ndi madzi firiji. Chotsani magawo owonongeka, ndikulowetsani m'nthaka yatsopano ndikuthira ndi yankho la Carbendazim. |
Zolakwika posamalira echmea
| Vuto la masamba osati okha | Chifukwa |
| Kwa nthawi yayitali palibe maluwa. | Zomera zamphesa zimatha kusowa chakudya, zina zamitundu mitundu - zopepuka. |
| Kutembenukira chikasu. | Dothi sililola mpweya wokwanira ndi chinyezi kapena kusowa kwa feteleza, kapena tizirombo. |
| Khalani ofunda komanso owuma kuchokera kumalekezero. | Chipinda chozizira. |
| Brown kuchokera pansi. | Chizindikiro cha kuvunda chifukwa chothirira kwambiri m'chipinda chozizira. |
| Fade, chithunzicho chazimiririka. | Dzuwa lotetezedwa ndi dzuwa. |
| Pang'onopang'ono, makwinya amawoneka, owuma pamalangizo. | Kupanda mpweya komanso chinyezi. |
Phindu kapena kuvulaza kwa ehmeya (mphamvu pa chipinda)
Ehmeya bwino bwino, kutsimikiza. Sipangakhale chofunikira kuyika kuchipinda, chifukwa anthu ozindikira amayamba kusowa tulo.
Koma ofesi, desktop ndi malo oyenera. Zimathandizira kukhalabe achimwemwe, mwamphamvu, kumanga ndi kukhazikitsa mapulani m'moyo.
