Kolumneya - chisamaliro chakunyumba, kubereka, chithunzi

Columnea (Columnea) - mbewu yobiriwira yobiriwira kuchokera ku banja la Gesneriaceae. Maluwa adawonekera m'malo otentha amvula a Central ndi South America. Nthawi zambiri imamera ngati epiphyte, yomata mitengo ikuluikulu yamitengo, miyala ndi zitsamba zazitali. Nthambi zothimbirira, koma zosalimba, zoyendetsedwa m'mwamba, zimayamba kusefukira pakapita nthawi.

Ma boti kuchokera 30 mpaka 50 cm kutalika amakongoletsedwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono owoneka ndi mtima. Columnae amakula msanga, ndikukula nthambi ndi 0,5 m chaka. kumapeto kwa February ndi koyambirira kwa Marichi, maluwa owala oyambilira amapangidwira, ofanana ndi njenjete kapena nsomba. M'mphepete mwa pamakhala yokutidwa ndi siliva fluff.

Mitundu ina imatha kutulutsa chaka chonse. Kolumneya ndi maluwa osatha, ngati sanayambidwenso ndi nthawi, amatha kukongoletsa.

Zothandiza zimatha Kolumna

Kolumneya limatulutsa zinthu zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe zomwe zimayeretsa mpweya mkati. Malo okhala ndi mpweya wathanzi amakhudza thupi bwino, amawonjezera mphamvu yogwira ntchito komanso kukana nkhawa. Chomera choyambirira chimakongoletsa mkati. Kulingalira kwa chidutswa chamaluwa kumadzutsa malingaliro, kumachepetsa nkhawa.

Kusamalira mzati kunyumba (mwachidule)

Kuti chipilala chiziwamva bwino panyumba, mwini wake wachikondi amadzazolowera zomwe amakonda komanso zomwe akufuna maluwayo.

Mulingo woyenera wa maluwa ungaganizidwe:

Kukula dimba kunyumba, gwiritsani ntchito njira zachikhalidwe zosamalira, koma palinso mawonekedwe a kukula kwa kolamu. Mphukira zingapo nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa mumphika umodzi: Umu ndi momwe mbewu imawonekera bwino kwambiri. Ngati 1 mphukira wabzala, kutsina kuti ulimbikitse mapangidwe ofananira nawo njira.

Nthawi zambiri, colia imadzalidwa ngati chomera chophatikizira m'mabasiketi ophatikizika ndi maluwa. Pambuyo maluwa, mphukira amazidulira, kusamutsira kuchipinda chozizira, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amazolowera kutentha kumapeto kwa dzinja.

Samalira kolumnea kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Duwa la colia limamveka bwino panyumba likaperekedwa ndi chisamaliro chofunikira.

Maluwa akhungu

Masamba a zipatso nthawi yozizira komanso koyambirira kwamasika. Ngati chomera chimasamalidwa bwino, chimatha kuphuka kachiwiri - M'chilimwe. Pali mitundu yomwe imaphuka chaka chonse. Mphukira zazitali zomwe zimatsitsidwa kutalika konseku zimakongoletsedwa ndi masamba obiriwira osazungulira.

Poyerekeza ndi poyambira, mawanga owala amawoneka bwino kwambiri. Kolumney ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha maluwa ake oyamba, omwe amafanizira ndi nsomba zagolide, ma dolphin ovina kapena njenjete. Maluwa a machungwa obiriwira, opaka utoto wonse wofiirira ndi wachikaso, amapangidwa m'matumbo amiyeso yobiriwira masamba angapo, angapo nthawi.

Pamiyendo yonse inayi pamakhala mikwingwirima kapena utoto wa mtundu wosiyanitsa. Mitengo itatu yopapatiza imakutidwa ndi petal yotakata, yofanana ndi nyumba yayikulu. Chipatso cha mbewuyi ndi mabulosi oyera ndi njere zafumbi.

Njira yotentha

Wosamalira nyumbayo amakonda kukhala m'chipinda chofunda, muyenera kuyesetsa kum'pangitsa kukhala wotentha. Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira ndi nthawi yozizira, + 13 - 15 ° C imawonetsedwa ngati kutentha kwambiri: Maluwa amadzala m'malo abwino. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, mbewuyo imasungidwa + 21 - 27 ° C.

Kolumneya amatha kuzolowera kutentha kwambiri ngati mpweya mchipindacho uli wonyowa.

Kuwaza

Kuti mupange mokwanira, chisamaliro chanyumba chimalimbikitsa kuti chizikhala chinyontho kwambiri. Kuwaza ndi madzi ofunda, okhathamira kumayenera kukhala njira yanthawi zonse, makamaka nyengo yotentha. Mukamapopera, onetsetsani kuti madzi samagwa pamaluwa.

Nthawi zina amalimbikitsidwa kuthirira chisoti chachifumu chamadzi ndi tepid madzi osasefa, pambuyo pake ndikofunikira kuyimitsa mbewuyo m'chipinda chamata.

Kuwala

Kolumney amakonda kuwala kowala, koma kuyatsa kuyenera kuyatsidwa. Windows yoyang'ana kumadzulo ndi kummawa ndiyo njira zoyenera kwambiri kuyiyika; apa duwa lidzalandira kuwala kokwanira. Kumpoto kwa chipindacho, Column, akuvutika ndi kusowa kwa kuwala, adzaleka kuphuka.

Koma ngati palibe maluwa m'nyumba, kupatula izi, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa kuwunikira kowonjezereka. Pa zenera lakumwera, mbewuyo iyenera kukhala ndi mthunzi kuti iteteze pakuwotcha ndi dzuwa.

Kuthirira

Kuthirira duwa kumafunikira mosavomerezeka, osadzaza madzi kapena kuthilira dothi kwambiri osavomerezedwa. Kuchokera pazinyontho zochuluka chinyezi kunyumba kumatha kuzika mizu ndikufa. Koma kuthamangitsana dothi kungayambitse matenda azirombo komanso mavuto ena.

M'nyengo yotentha ndi masika, Kolumna amafunika kuthirira pafupipafupi - mpaka katatu pa sabata, nthawi yozizira 1 imakhala yokwanira. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, chifukwa dothi limalungika ndi coconut substrate kapena moss wodulidwa. Madzi abwino ndi madzi ofunda.

Kolumneya samayankha bwino ndikuthirira nthawi zonse ndi madzi oyera, chifukwa chake, 2 kawiri pamwezi madzi amaphatikizidwa ndi mandimu kapena asidi (madontho a 3-5 kapena 0,2 g pa lita imodzi yamadzi).

Mphika wa kolamu

Kukula kwa chomera nthawi zonse kumasankhidwa poganizira mizu yake. Poto wapa kholamu imafunikira kakulidwe kakang'ono, m'lifupi, koma kosaya: chipatso cham'mimba chimapangidwira mosavuta mmenemo.

Pansi pa mphikawo payenera kukhala malo okwanira kutulutsira dongo kapena zidutswa za njerwa zokulirapo, ndipo pansi pake pali bowo lokwirira.

Ground for Kolumney

Primer yoyenera ya kolumna ndi gawo lozungulira, lopepuka la mbewu za epiphytic kapena senpolia. Amadzipaka ndi sphagnum pansi. Mutha kuwerengera nthaka, mutatenga dothi, mchenga ndi humus mofananirana.

Yachiwiriyo: magawo awiri a dothi lamasamba, gawo limodzi la peat, perlite, turf. Nthaka yotereyi ndiyotheka kupuma komanso chonde. Sipayenera kukhala mandimu mu gawo lapansi, colia amakonda nthaka ya asidi pang'ono. Kupititsa patsogolo kukoka, tchipisi ta njerwa timawonjezeranso gawo lapansi.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Kolumneya ndi chomera cholimba, chimafunikanso umuna ndi umuna kuti ukhale wokongoletsa ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chokwanira. Kuyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka pakati pa Okutobala, kamodzi pa masabata awiri mpaka atatu, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wa mchere padziko lonse lapansi pambuyo kuthirira. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kamodzi pakatha masiku 10 pakuvala kwapamwamba (kukhazikika kwa yankho kumachepetsedwa kuti musawotche masamba).

Columnae amakonda zovala zapamwamba zomwe zimakhala ndi phosphorous. Amatha kupatsidwa pafupipafupi, kuphatikiza ndi kuthirira. Kuzungulira kwa yankho kumachepetsedwa ndi 4. Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zimapumira nthawi yozizira ndipo siziphatikiridwa. Koma mitundu yamakhola, omwe amakula mwachangu nthawi yozizira, amafunika kudyetsedwa, ngakhale kangachepe.

Thirani columney

Columnae amazikhazikitsa kumayambiriro kwamasika. Pofuna kuvulaza mizu yokhwima ya mbewuyo, imasinthidwa mosamala osasokoneza dongo. Nthawi yoyamba maluwa ikagulidwa mutagula, ndiye kuti amachita izi ndikofunikira - mizu ikadzaza mtanda wonse.

Pofuna kuti muchepetse kukongoletsa kwa chomera, chikafesedwa, zaka ziwiri zilizonse, chimapangidwanso: 1/3 ya mizu imadulidwa, ndikuwazidwa makala amoto odulidwa pamata odulidwa. Pakuwonjezera, chidebe chosaya koma chokulirapo chokhala ndi mabowo amadzulu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ikani nthaka yachilengedwe kapena ikonzereni nokha kuchokera ku dothi lamchenga, mchenga ndi humus, mutenge gawo lofanana. Mbewuyi imathiriridwa bwino, kuyilowetsedwa ndikusiyidwa kwa masiku angapo m'malo otetezedwa kotero kuti columna imadzaza.

Kudulira

Kudulira kumapangitsanso chomera, kumapereka chidwi ku kukula kwake. Kolumney amayankha bwino kumeta kwa pachaka, komwe mphukira zake zimafupikitsidwa ndi ½ kutalika, masamba owuma ndi maluwa, nthambi zopanda mphamvu zimachotsedwa. Ndondomeko imachitika chaka chilichonse maluwa atabzulidwa.

Columnia kuswana

Kubalana kwa columna kumachitika ndi kuzika mizu ya apulo odulidwa kapena kufesa mbewu.

Kufalitsa mzere ndi kudula

Kufalitsa ndi kudulidwa kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa Marichi.

• Zodulidwa zimadulidwa kuchokera pamwamba pa mphukira, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 10. Payenera kukhala ndi masamba osanu mpaka asanu.
• Malowo odulidwa amawaza ndi makala opera.
• Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa mu chisakanizo cha dothi lapadziko lonse ndi mchenga ndi peat, ndikukula ndikukula kwa 1, 5 cm. Madzi ndi mulch.
• Phimbani ndi kanema komwe kumatseguka komwe kumapangika kuti masamba asadzikundike.
• Pa + 24 ° C ndi kuyatsa kosasinthika, siyani kumera.
• Kanemayo amachotsera mpweya wabwino ndi kuthirira.
• Masamba atsopano akatuluka, phesiyo imasinthidwa kukhala chiwiya china.
• Ndikotheka kuti muzu wodula mumadzi. Madzi amasinthidwa nthawi zambiri, kaboni yodziyambitsa imawonjezeredwa kwa iyo.

Kukula kolamu kuchokera ku mbewu

Kawirikawiri samayeseza kunyumba: mbewu za point point zimamera bwino, mbande zambiri zimafa. Ngati mungaganizire njira imeneyi yobereka, muyenera kukhala oleza mtima. Mbewu zimasungidwa mu njira ya potaziyamu permanganate, kenako yogawidwa panthaka yothinitsidwa, osakuya. Vulani pamwamba ndi gawo lapansi. Phimbani ndigalasi kapena filimu. Zimere ku + 24 ° C. Mbewu zimathandizidwa, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Pakatha milungu itatu, mbande zikaoneka, malo ogona amachotsedwa. Mbande zimamera zikaunikira. Masamba atatu enieni akatuluka, mbande zimadzimbira m'mizimba.

Njira yachulukidwe yolumikizira kolumamu ndiyosavuta, ndipo imasanjidwa mitundu yonse yazomera. Kunyumba, imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Ngati khola sililandira chisamaliro choyenera, matenda amamugwera ndipo tizirombo timayamba kugwira ntchito. Zowononga maluwa zomwe zimakonda kuphatikizira ndi izi:

• Masamba a Column amagwa - chinyezi chambiri, chomera chimazizira (kuchepetsa kuthirira, kusamukira kumalo otentha);
• Column umatheka - hypothermia ya maluwa ndi chinyezi chowonjezera (kuchepetsa kuthirira, kukonzanso m'malo otentha);
• mzere umasiya - mpweya wowuma wamkati (wowazidwa nthawi zonse);
• mzati umakula pang'onopang'ono - kusowa kwa michere (chakudya);
• Column siliphuka - kuwala pang'ono; kukonzanso nyengo yozizira - munthawi yakugona kwa impso - m'malo otentha (konzaninso pamalo owala; nthawi yozizira ikani m'malo ozizira);
• Column imasokonekera - mpweya wowuma, chinyezi pang'ono (kutsanulira, kutsanulira, kuvala pallet yonyowa ndi timiyala tonyowa);
• mawanga a bulauni pamasamba - kuwotcha chifukwa cha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa padzuwa (chotsani masamba owonongeka, kupopera mankhwalawa madzulo, kupewa kuyatsa ndi dzuwa);
• makina oyenda - kuwotcha mizu yochulukirapo feteleza (muzimutsuka mizu ndi madzi ambiri, youma ndi kumuika m'nthaka ina);
• mawanga a bulauni pamasamba - kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira;
• Masamba amasanduka achikasu ndikugwa, phesi limawululidwa - mpweya wouma, kuwala pang'ono, mbewuyo ndi yozizira (kuwaza, kukonzanso m'malo owala, otentha);
• Maluwa a kholingo amatembenukira bulauni ndi kuwonongeka - kupeza madontho akulu amadzi pa iwo kuthirira (modekha madzi, kukweza mphukira);
• Malangizo a masamba a kolamu amawuma ndikasuwira chikaso - mpweya wotentha (utsi);
• mawanga a bulauni pamasamba ndi mphukira amakula mwachangu ndikutidwa ndi fluff - imvi zowola kuchokera ku chinyezi chambiri pamtunda wambiri (zidutswa zowonongeka zimachotsedwa, zigawo zotsalazo zimachiritsidwa ndi fungicide ndikuziika).

Ndi chisamaliro cholakwika, tizirombo timakhudzanso chipilalacho. Nthawi zambiri, kangaude, ma scutellum, aphid, ndi mphukira zimagunda maluwa. Nthawi zina tizilombo timakumana pamavuto omwe samadalira chisamaliro. Koma kusamalidwa moyenera kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda osokoneza bongo kangapo.

Mitundu yamakolo opanga omwe ali ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Pali mitundu 200 yamakholamu, ambiri aiwo atakula bwino panyumba.

Columnia mbiri (Columnea gloriosa)

Mphukira zazitali zazitali (kutalika mpaka 0, 7 m) kupindika kapena kufalikira. Masamba ofiira ofiira kapena obiriwira obiriwira amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Ziphuphu ndizofiyira za carmine zokhala ndi mawanga achikasu m'munsi mwa chubu.

Columnae magazi ofiira (Columnea sanguine)

Mawonedwe otchuka. Mphukira zazitali (zoposa 1 mita) zimafalikira. Masamba a Lanceolate-oval ndiotalika (mpaka 10 cm) ndi kutalika (mpaka 30 cm). Kunja kwa masamba pali masamba ofiira. Maluwa ofiira (ofika 2 cm) ofiira amatengedwa m'magazi m'magulu. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo.

Columnea allenii

Mphukira zowonda kapena zozungulira zikukula msanga. Masamba afupiafupi (mpaka 2 cm) ali moyandikana. Maluwa akuluakulu (mpaka 7 cm) ofiira owala ndi maonekedwe achikasu pamakoma awo amakhala pazitseko za pubescent.

Columnea Krakatau

Mawonedwe otchuka kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amakula ngati epiphyte. Masamba ang'onoang'ono obiriwira a lanceolate ali moyang'anizana ndi mphukira. Maluwa ofiira owala bwino amtunduwu amakhala m'magulu awiri amitundu iliyonse. Maluwa amafanana ndi kuphulika kwa volcano ya dzina lomweli.

Columnae krassulolistnaya (mbale) (Columnea crassifolia)

Zomera zabwino. Pa mphukira zamphamvu zazikulu, zokutidwa masamba (mpaka 10 cm) masamba amakula, yokutidwa ndi kuwala kwa fluff. Maluwa amakhala aatali (mpaka 10 cm). Ma petals ofiira owopsa ataphimbidwa ndi lofiira wofiyira.

Column-Small column (Columnea microphylla)

Kutalika (mpaka 2,5 m) kowonda kumakulira kapena pansi. Zochitikazo ndi bulawuni wa bulauni. Masamba ang'ono (kutalika ndi m'lifupi mpaka 1, 2 cm) amakhala owumbika mtima. Mphukira ndi masamba wokutidwa ndi bronze fluff. Maluwa kumapeto kwa masika ndi maluwa a carmine-lalanje okhala ndi mikwaso yachikaso. Ma Pedicels amafupikitsika.

Kolumneya - maluwa odzichepetsa. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, chomera chodabwitsachi chimakhala chokongoletsera chosangalatsa chamkati. Maluwa oyambilira omwe ali ngati "dolphin" akuvina "ndi" golide "motsutsana ndi masamba azithunzi zakuda amapanga mawonekedwe omasuka m'nyumba, adzaza ndi kutentha kwa uzimu.