Mwa mitundu yambiri ya alimi a beet omwe amadziwika pakati pa wamaluwa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotchedwa "Aigupto flat" ndi yotchuka kwambiri.
Zosiyanazi ndi gome, ndiko kuti, cholinga chake chachikulu chimaonedwa ngati chakudya. Wamaluwa amasankha mtunduwu chifukwa cha kukolola kwakukulu, zokoma zokoma za mchere komanso kukana zovuta.
Nkhaniyi idzapereka zothandiza zonse zokhudza izi. Mudzaphunzira zomwe masamba awa amawoneka, ubwino wake ndi kuipa kwake, malamulo odzala izi zosiyanasiyana ndi zina zambiri.
Kufotokozera Maonekedwe
Nkhono yachitsulo ya shrub yaung'ono imakhala ndi masamba a mdima wandiweyani wobiriwira. Zipatso zimasiyanasiyana pang'ono pang'onopang'ono zozungulira mawonekedwe. ndi mutu wawung'ono. Kulemera kwake kwa beet mtundu umodzi wa maroon kumasiyana kuchokera mazana atatu kapena asanu ma gramu. Mtundu wa mnofu wofiira wamtundu wina m'madera ena umasanduka mtundu wofiirira.
Kufanana kwa yunifolomu ya zamkati kumathetsa kupezeka kwa mitsempha yoyera, yomwe imanyoza ubwino wa beets. Chimake cha chipatso chimadziwika ndi mthunzi wofiira. Kukoma kwake kuli ndi madzi abwino okoma masamba. Kuchokera pa mita imodzi yosanjikiza yobzala mungathe kusonkhanitsa kuchokera ku maekala asanu kapena asanu ndi atatu a zokolola, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuchokera ku hekita la kubzala mumapeza makilogalamu 50 mpaka 80,000 a zipatso.
Zizindikiro zenizeni zimadalira opanga zinthu zakubzala. Pakati pa tchire "Aigupto chokhalapo" akuyamba kuyang'ana mazira ndi mitundu ina ya beet. Chiwerengero cha mbeu kumera ndipamwamba kwambiri - pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi atatu. "Aigupto chogona" ndi zosiyana ndi masiku oposa 101 mpaka 128.
Mukamalima pazinthu zabwino, mizu ikhoza kupsa mkati mwa masiku 90. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kulima chifukwa cha malonda, chifukwa mizu imakhala yokonzeka kupirira, popanda kutaya maonekedwe okongola.
Chithunzi chodzala
Pano mungathe kuona zithunzi za beets:
Mbiri yobereka
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya beet wofiira yotchedwa "Egypt flat" inalembedwa mu 1943 Asayansi omwe anagwira ntchito ku Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth chidutswa chotchedwa V.V. Dokuchaeva. Maziko a mitundu yatsopano ya beet ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mitundu yachilendo.
Zotsatira zake ndizoyenera kulima ku Volga, East Siberian, Central ndi Central Black Earth zigawo za dzikoli. Komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana imalimbikitsa kulima ku Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Ukraine ndi Armenia. Pazaka zapitazi, zosiyanasiyana zakhala zikusinthika mobwerezabwereza, kupeza makhalidwe atsopano.
Kodi kusiyana kotani ndi mitundu ina?
Mwachidziwitso ndipo chifukwa cha zochitika, zochitika za zosiyanasiyana zinadziwika. Zomera zomwe zinachokera ku nyemba zikukula ndikukula mofulumira.kutolera voliyumu. Pa magalamu awiri a mbewu, mukhoza kukula munda waukulu, wokhala ndi mizere inayi.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Ubwino:
- Mtundu wobiriwira komanso kukoma kokoma kwa mizu masamba;
- mapu a uniform uniform, kusowa kwa mitsempha ya mtundu woyera;
- Poyang'ana koyamba, mawonekedwe apamwamba sakuwoneka okondweretsa, koma ali ndi ubwino wambiri: ndi bwino kukhazikitsa masamba mu poto kapena m'sungirako yosungirako katundu, komanso kumakhala kosavuta kudula;
- kukana chilala ndi tsvetushnosti.
Kuipa:
- Zipatso zing'onozing'ono zingamaume panthawi yosungirako ndipo sizikhoza kutha mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira;
- nthawi zina kumera kumadontho mpaka makumi asanu peresenti, izi zimakhudzidwa ndi wolima mbewu komanso zomwe zimasungidwa ndi kufesedwa.
Kodi ndi chiyani ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pati?
Mizu ya "nyumba ya Aiguputo" yomwe ikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu onse. Angathe kudyetsedwa mwatsopano, komanso zamzitini ndikuwonjezeranso mbale. Nkhumba za mitunduyi zimapanga timadziti tapamwamba komanso masamba abwino. Maseŵera aang'ono a malo ogulitsiramo ziweto amagwiritsidwanso ntchito zophikira, kuwonjezera saladi ndi msuzi.
Ndondomeko ndi sitepe yotsalira ndi kusamalira
Chomeracho ndi zaka ziwiri, koma chimalimidwa chaka ndi chaka, monga zipatso zimakula msinkhu miyezi inayi mutabzala. Mitengo yatsalira kwa chaka chachiwiri kuti ipeze mbewu kuchokera kwa iwo.
"Aigupto" akulima m'madera onse a Russia, chifukwa amaletsa chilala ndi kutentha kwambiri. Mukhoza kugula mbewu m'masitolo ogulitsa kapena pa masitolo a pa intaneti pa mtengo wokwanira makumi awiri wamatumba a thumba laling'ono.
Mukakulira m'madera otentha, mbeu zimayikidwa pamalo otseguka mu March, nyengo yamapeto yozizira imasinthidwa mpaka May. Kutentha kwapakati pa tsiku ndi tsiku sikuyenera kugwera m'munsimu madigiri asanu ndi atatu. Kudyetsa kwadzinja sikunali kotchuka, popeza nyengo yozizira yozizira ndi kubwerera nyengo ya chisanu imatha kuwononga mphukira zoyamba.
Mbewu khumi kapena khumi ndi ziwiri za mbewu zimabzalidwa pa chigawo cha mamita khumi. Onetsetsani malamulo a kusintha kwa mbeu, choncho beets amabzalidwa kumene kabichi, nkhaka kapena tomato anali atakula kale. Malowa ayenera kuyatsa bwino kuti mlimi azipeza zochulukirapo za mbewuyo potuluka.
Njira yabwino ndi nthaka yokhala ndi asidi osalowerera. Dothi losavuta lamadzi limapangidwa kukhala loyenera powonjezera phulusa kapena laimu. Dothi la acid siloyenera kukula kwa beets, koma acidity ikhoza kuthetsedwa ndi mandimu ndi fetoni feteleza.
Nthaka yamchere imakhala yowonongeka, kupanga manyowa omwe amakhala ndi masamba a mapulo ndi oki, peat moss ndi pine ndi zingwe za spruce. Ngati simukukhazikitsa nthaka yamchere kuti ikule "Aigupto," zipatsozo zidzayamba kuvunda. Kuyala maenje okonzedwa mu kugwa. Amakumba nthaka ndikuikulitsa.
Kukhazikitsa kumaphatikizapo ndondomeko zotsatirazi:
- Choyamba, mbewu zimakonzedwa. Zosankha zonse za kukula kwakukulu, popanda kuwonongeka. Mbewu zimawumitsa, kuzikathira ndi madzi ofunda, ndikuyika pansi pa alumali pa sabata.
- Kumalo osankhidwa apange mabedi ndi masentimita makumi awiri.
- Zomera zimayikidwa pansi, kulemera masentimita atatu, kusiya mtunda wa masentimita khumi kupita ku mbewu yotsatira.
- Ngati kufesa kumachitika kudera lozizira, bzalani makamaka mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Kutentha.Kutentha kwakukulu kwa mbeu zoumera ndi madigiri khumi. Kuwombera kumawoneka patatha masiku 23. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kumera ndi madigiri 26, kuonjezera kwina kuli ndi zotsatira zoipa pa kubzala.
Chikhalidwe chimamwetsa mochuluka, kuyesa kusasamba ndi kusunga nyengo ya chilala, chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe a zipatso. Imwani tchire madzulo kuti mupewe kutentha chifukwa cha chinyezi pamasamba. Kutentha, madzi amatha msanga, choncho chikhalidwe sichipeza nthawi yokwanira. Zipatso zikangoyamba kupanga, kumwa madzi nthawi zambiri kumawonjezeka.
Nthawi yoyamba mbande imadyetsedwa panthawi ya tsamba lachinayi, pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza olemera. Nthawi yachiwiri chikhalidwecho chimamera panthawi yomwe chipatsocho chimapangidwira, ndikupanga potaziyamu ndi phosphorous m'nthaka.
Pambuyo kuthirira kulikonse, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa ndi kulumikizidwa kuti chinyezi chikhale chotalikira pansi. Njira zoterezi zimathandizanso kupeŵa kukula kwa namsongole.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
- Masabata atatu asanakolole, beets salinso madzi.
- Mwamsanga zipatso zikapsa, yambani kukolola, yomwe imachitika nyengo yozizira popanda mvula.
- Zitsamba zimachotsedwa kudziko lotayirira, kuchokera mu nthaka yovuta yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi kuthandizidwa ndi foloki.
- Zipatso zouma ndizoyeretsedwa kuchokera padziko lapansi. Nsonga zadulidwa.
- Mizu ya mbewu imasungidwa mu malo osungirako, akuyikidwa mabokosi a nkhuni ndikutsanulira mchenga wa mtsinje.
Chiwerengerochi chimadziwika ndi khalidwe lapamwamba lokusunga, pazinthu zina zosungirako, chipatso chikhoza kunama mpaka March, popanda kutaya katundu wake ndi maonekedwe okongola. Kawirikawiri, "Beti ya Aigupto" imadyedwa m'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Aigupto yanyumba" imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, komabe, ngati zinthu za agrotechnical ziphwanyidwa, tchire tingadwale. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imawoneka kuti ikutsutsana ndi matenda akuluakulu a beet: fomose ndi cerkosporoze.
Ngati mukulima mofulumira kwambiri, komanso kuchotsa namsongole ndi kuwonongeka kwa beet chitsamba nthawi, mungapewe kuukika kwa chimbalangondo, ntchentche ndi nsikidzi.
Kupewa mavuto osiyanasiyana
Kuti tchire tikulitse ndikukhala ndi zipatso zathanzi ndizowonjezereka, nkofunika kutsata malamulo a zaulimi. Kuwona za chikhalidwe chokula ndi njira yabwino yothetsera mavuto alionse..
"Aigupto atakhala pansi" - tebulo zosiyanasiyana za beets zabwino kwambiri. Olima munda amakopeka ndi kukoma kokoma, kusowa kwa mitsinje yoyera, komanso zokolola zambiri.
