Mtengo wa khofi - kukula ndi kusamalira kunyumba, mitundu yazithunzi

Mtengo wa khofi (Kofi) - chomera chobiriwira ngati mitengo yobiriwira, ndikupereka zipatso za utoto wowala ndi nthangala za mbewu. Ichi ndi chitsamba chamtali bwino, chotalika masentimita 8-10, chitsamba chokhala ndi masamba akulu, achikopa, oyang'ana masamba komanso inflorescence a mtundu woyera kapena wowala. Pachikhalidwe, mtengo umadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa 1.5-2,5 mita kuti uthandizire chisamaliro ndi kukolola.

Malo obadwira mtengo wa khofi ndi malo otentha a ku Ethiopia. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi kukula kwapakatikati ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 5 mpaka 10 cm pachaka. Ichi ndichikhalidwe chakutali chomwe moyo wawo umadalira nyengo yabwino. Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino zomwe zimapitililabe kubala zipatso zaka zana limodzi.

Ngati mukufuna kulima zipatso panyumba, ndiye kuti muone momwe mungakhalire nthochi yopangidwa ndi nyumba.

Zothandiza katundu

Mbewu zili ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika ndikutsatira. Koma omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi caffeine. Zakumwa ndi kukonzekera motengera momwemo kumakhala ndi chidwi, chosangalatsa komanso chosangalatsa, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wothandizira kupweteka kwa mutu, kutopa, kutopa kwamanjenje ndi zovuta zina. Komanso, chifukwa cha fungo lake labwino, khofi ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakuphika popanga zakudya zosiyanasiyana zotsekemera, zakumwa, makeke, ayisikilimu.

Mawonekedwe akukula kunyumba. Mwachidule

Mosiyana ndi malingaliro azosangalatsa pachikhalidwe, mtengo wa khofi umakula pakhomo popanda mavuto, ngati mutsatira mfundo zoyambirira za chisamaliro:

Kusamalira mitengo ya khofi kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Maluwa

Nthawi yogwira komanso yopanga khofi imagwa kumayambiriro kwa Epulo ndipo imatha mpaka Okutobala.

Kofi imadziwika ndi inflorescence yaying'ono yamaluwa oyera a zidutswa za 4-6, chilichonse, chimakula kuchokera ku axel masamba ndikuyamba kununkhira bwino kwa jasmine. Kudula mtengo wa khofi wakunyumba sikufuna nthawi yomweyo.

Monga lamulo, ndikukhala koyenera ndikukonza nyengo yachisanu yowuma, maluwa amatha kuyembekezeredwa kwa zaka 3-4 zamoyo chomera.

Njira yotentha

Kutentha kokwanira kuti mukule ndi kukhazikitsa khofi kunyumba ndizofunika 23 madigiri. Koma ngakhale mu malo otentha kwambiri okhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira mchipindacho, mtengowo umakhala bwino.

M'nyengo yozizira, amapatsidwa mpumulo pamatenthedwe otsika: 12-16 degrees Celsius.

Kuwaza

Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi ofewa nthawi zonse kumafunika chomera cha khofi chilimwe. Kamodzi pamwezi, pachifukwa ichi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa lomwe limalowetsedwa lomwe limateteza ndi kuziteteza ku matenda ndi matenda. Mu nyengo yozizira, khofi siyenera kuthiridwa mchere ngati sichokera kwa owotcha.

Kuwala

Mtengo wa khofi m'malo mchipinda osakonda mopepukaChifukwa chake, safuna kuwunika mwachindunji ndipo imakula bwino pazenera lakumadzulo ndi kumpoto kapena pafupi nawo. Kuunikira kumafunika ngati mtengo sukutulutsa kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo umakhala mumithunzi.

Kuthirira

Ngakhale kuti chikhalidwechi ndichotentha kwambiri, sichikonda kuthirira kwamadzi ndi chinyontho mu pallet. Nthawi yomweyo kuyanika dothi sikuyenera kuloledwa.

Masamba atabzala, ndikofunikira kuthirira madzi nthawi yomweyo, zimakhala zovuta kuyambiranso.

M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata, komanso mutafufuza kale chinyezi.

Mphika

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha poto yamaluwa kuti ndikasokere mitengo kutengera muzu wake. Osatengera makontena nthawi zambiri kuposa kale. Ndiwo mulingo wamphika womwewo womwe ndi wokulirapo kuposa dothi louma lokhala ndi mizu ya mbewuwo ndi masentimita 2-4 zokha.

Dothi

Mtengo wa mitengo ya khofi umakonda dongo, lozama pang'ono, lolemera dothi. Kuphatikiza posungira magawo onse, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dothi, lopangidwa ndi dimba, humus, dothi la peat losakanizika ndi mchenga wamtsinje, gawo limodzi lirilonse. Musaiwale za chidebe chokwanira, chomwe chimachotsa chinyezi chambiri mumphika. Kuphatikiza apo, dothi la gardenias kapena azaleas ndi gawo loyenerera podzala mtengo wa khofi.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Munthawi yakutukuka, mtengo wa khofi umangofunika michere kuti ukhalebe wolimba, wobiriwira komanso zipatso.

Otsatirawa ndi malingaliro enieni a umuna:

• nthawi kuyambira March mpaka Meyi, feteleza wa nayitrogeni amayikidwa, ndiye 1 nthawi ya mchere ndi nthawi 1 yachilengedwe;
• M'miyezi yotentha, kamodzi masiku 10 aliwonse, khofi amaphatitsidwa ndi phosphate ya monosubstituted, pomwe zinthu zakunja siziphatikizidwa;
• mu Seputembala, kuphatikiza mchere wam potaziyamu kumachitika mwa kupopera tsamba la korona.

Mwa zina, kamodzi pamwezi ndi koyenera pang'ono kuphatikiza nthaka ndi yankho la citric acid - 1 gramu pa lita imodzi yamadzi.

Thirani

Kukhazikika kwakanthawi kambewu mumphika umodzi kumachepetsa mwayi kuti ikukula bwino. Komanso, mtengo wofiirira ndikofunikira kuti maluwa ake abwinobwino komanso mawonekedwe azipatso omwe akubwera.

Musanabzale mbeuyo m'nthaka yomwe mwakonzedweratu, mizu ya khofi imatsukidwa poboola kapena pouma.

Mizu yotsala yathanzi idayikidwa munthaka kuti khosi la muzu limakwezedwa pafupifupi 5-7 mm pamwamba pa nthaka. Mpukutu wotsalawo mumphika umadzazidwa ndi gawo latsopanolo. Mtengo wowokeredwa umathiriridwa ndi madzi osungunuka kapena kusungunuka pa kutentha pang'ono pamtunda.

Pakatha masiku awiri, dothi lapamwamba limatha kumasulidwa kuti linyowetse nthaka mosavuta popanda chiopsezo chodzaza.

Kudulira

Kusamalira chipinda cha khofi chapachipinda kungaphatikizepo kudulira kwanyengo, kutengera mtundu wa maluwa omwe angafune kuwupatsa. Ngati mtengo ungakhale wabwino, ndiye kuti kudulira khofi sikofunikira, chifukwa nthawi zambiri nthambi itasiya kugwira ntchito. Monga lamulo, mitengo ya khofi imayamba kubzala mwachangu ikafika kutalika kwa 50-80 cm ndipo mawonekedwe oyenera amapezeka mwanjira yachilengedwe. Ngati mukufuna kulima khofi mu chitsamba, mutha kupanga korona, kubudula mphukira zowonjezera.

Nthawi yopumula

Ndi nyengo yozizira, kuyambira pafupifupi Okutobala, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mtengo wa khofi upumule. Munthawi imeneyi, chisamaliro cha khofi chimakhala ndi zinthu zingapo:

• kutentha m'chipindacho sikuyenera kupitirira 15 digiri ndikugwera pansi pa 12;
• kuthirira ndikofunikira pokhapokha ngati dothi la pamwamba litapukutika;
• Chomera chimayima pamthunzi, koma kwa maola angapo patsiku kukonza.

Ndikayamba masika kapenanso kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February, mtengowo umapangidwa pang'onopang'ono m'malo otentha, komabe osawunikiridwa ndi kuwala kowala.

Kodi ndingachoke osachoka patchuthi?

Kuti mbewuyo isamwalire pakunyamuka kwa mwiniyo, iyenera kukonzedwa motere:

• chotsani inflorescence kapena zipatso, monga nthawi yakukula khofi imadya chinyezi chambiri;
• tsinani nsonga zokhala ndi mphukira kuti muyimitse kukula kwakanthawi;
• asanachoke, mtengowo ungayikidwe pamiyeso ya chithovu, chomwe chili mchidebe chamadzi. Nthawi yomweyo, mumphika wamaluwa, dzenje lakutsalira liyenera kukhomedwa ndi chidutswa cha thovu.

Kuphatikiza pazomwe zili pamwambazi, mutha kugula zida zapadera zamagetsi zomwe zimapereka mwayi wokhazikika pazomera kwa masabata 2-3.

Kufalitsa mtengo wa khofi

Kukula mtengo wa khofi kuchokera kumbewu

Pofesa khofi pogwiritsa ntchito njere, mbewu zatsopano zokha, zomwe zatsopanozi ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mbewu ikakula, nthawi zambiri imatha kumera.

Kufesa dothi kuyenera kukhala kotheka komanso kosamasulidwa, mwachitsanzo, dothi losakanizika ndi mchenga wamtsinje ndiloyenera. Pamaso kufesa, iyenera kukhala chosawilitsidwa - kusungidwa pamadzi otentha kwa mphindi 10.

Mbewu zimayalidwa pamwamba panthaka popanda kuzama, zimavunda pansi. Kenako chilichonse chimathiridwa ndimadzi ofunda ndikufundidwa ndi polyethylene kapena belu lagalasi. Kawiri pa sabata kwa maola atatu, chophimba cha zobiriwira chimachotsedwa kuti dothi lisaonongeke. Kutentha kosangalatsa kwambiri ndi madigiri 25. Mphukira zoyambirira zitha kuyembekezeredwa kale kuposa pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5-2. Masamba angapo abwino akangowonetsedwa, mbande zingabzalidwe. Mtengo wotere umabala zipatso kwa zaka 3-4.

Kufalikira kwa mtengo wa khofi

Kupanga khofi mwanjira iyi, zodulidwa ndi mfundo ziwiri zimadulidwa ku nthambi za chaka chatha. M'mbuyomu, amafunika kuti azilowedwa mu yankho lomwe limapangitsa kukula, mwachitsanzo, heteroauxin, kwa maola angapo. Njira zakonzedwa zimabzalidwa mumsanganizo wa mchenga-peat (1: 1) ndi kuya kwa masentimita 3. Kuyala kwa ngalande kumafunika! Kutentha ndi kuthirira kumachitika chimodzimodzi ngati mbeu yobzala. Kuti mudziwe bwino kwambiri muzu, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonza kutentha pang'ono mumphika ndikudula.

Pambuyo kuyembekezera mawonekedwe a masamba atsopano kuchokera ku impso, zikumera zingabzalidwe. Zomera za khofi zopezeka mwanjira imeneyi zimayamba kubereka zipatso chaka chamawa.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Mavuto akulu omwe amalima maluwa amakumana nawo akamakula mtengo wa khofi:

• tsamba m'maso limachita khungu ndi louma chifukwa chosowa chinyezi;
• masamba mtengo wa khofi kutembenukira chikasu ndi mawonekedwe akuola pamizu;
• mawanga a bulauni pamasamba kuwoneka ndi kusowa kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka;
• maenje mawonekedwe mu pepala mutatenthetsa dzuwa;
• Masamba achichepere amasanduka achikasu, mitsempha yobiriwira yokha imatsala chifukwa acidity yochepa nthaka;
• Masamba amatembenuka chikasu, kuvunda ndi kugwa pambuyo kuthirira kwambiri;
• masamba achisanu amagwa m'mawonekedwe otsika;
• ikukula pang'onopang'onongati palibe kudya pafupipafupi;
• masamba adakulungidwa ndikakutidwa ndi mawanga achikasu kuthirira ndi madzi olimba kapena kusowa kwa potaziyamu;
• mawonekedwe ofiirira kapena a bulauni pamasamba kumachitika ndi kusowa kwa phosphorous m'nthaka;
• masamba achichepere ndi ochepa komanso achikasu achikasu chifukwa chakusowa kwachitsulo.

Tizilombo tomwe timapezeka kwambiri mu khofi ndi nkhanu, mealybugs ndi akangaude.

Mtengo wa khofi wotchuka kunyumba ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Mtengo wa khofi waku Arabia

Arabica wodziwika bwino. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, umafika kutalika kwa mita 6, koma pobereka kwawo amtundu wautali "Nana" womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kutalika kwake pafupifupi masentimita 80. Umaphulika kawiri pachaka ndipo umapangidwa mosavuta.

Mtengo wa khofi waku Congo

Dzina lake lachiwiri ndi robusta. Chomera chosasinthika chokhala ndi mizu yophukitsidwa kwambiri. Chodabwitsa cha khofi wamtunduwu ndikugwa kwa nthambi za zipatso pambuyo poti zafa.

Mtengo wa khofi waku Liberia

Uwu ndi mtengo waukulu komanso wamtali kwambiri wokhala ndi korona yodziwika bwino, yoyenera kulimidwa m'malo obiriwira kapena m'malo akuluakulu. Zomera sizigwirizana ndi matenda ambiri a mitengo ya khofi.