Chiyambi cha chilimwe si mpumulo wokha, komanso ntchito zambiri m'munda. Aliyense wokhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe amayesetsa kuti ntchito yolima ikhale yophweka, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Posachedwa, fosholo, yomwe ingapangidwe ndi manja, yakhala yotchuka kwambiri.
Chodabwitsa Spade: ndi chiyani icho
Chombo chachikale cha chozizwitsa chozizwitsa ndicho chombo cha bayonet, chomwe chimalola kuti nthaka ikhale yovuta. Chida choterocho ndi kuphatikiza mafoloko ndi miyala, chifukwa chake zimakhala zosavuta kulima nthaka. Inde, zimakhala zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito tillers, olima magetsi kapena kupempha thandizo kuchokera kwa woyendetsa tekitala, amene makina ake ali ndi khasu. Komabe, ntchito zonsezi zidzafuna ndalama zambiri kuchokera kwa inu, ndicho chifukwa amaluwa ambiri amasankha kugwira ntchito ndi manja awo.
Kodi chozizwitsa chozizwitsa ndi chotani? Mano owopsa a fosholo yambiri imalowa pansi, ndipo chifukwa cha lever (yomwe imaimira ngati yayitali yaitali) mungathe kukweza dothi lalikulu, lomwe lidzamasulidwa mbali yachiwiri ya mafoloko pamwamba.
Malingana ndi kuya kwa kumasulidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa zinthu zina zowonjezera, zipangizo zonsezi zingagawidwe mu mitundu itatu: kawirikawiri, lembani "wolima" ndipo lembani "mole".
Nthawi zambiri mafosholo amapangidwa kunyumba ndipo amakhala ndi foloko ndi nsana. Pogwiritsira ntchito chida choterocho, mukhoza kuchepetsa katundu ndi kuonjezera liwiro la ntchito, koma fosholo imeneyi siidzathetsa vutoli ndi zikuluzikulu za dziko lapansi. Ndibwino kuti tigwiritse ntchito nthaka yofiira nthawi zonse.
Mtundu wa fosholo wodabwitsa "wolima" sikuti amangokhalira kukumba nthaka, komanso nthaka yabwino imamasula. Kutalika kwa bayonet kawirikawiri ndi 10-15 masentimita, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuthetsa dothi la mtundu uliwonse, ndipo bayonet imatha pansi, ngakhale kulemera kwa wogwira ntchito sikuposa makilogalamu 60.
Kuzama kwa bayonet kumapanga bayonet sikunchepera 25 masentimita ndipo cholinga chake chimakumba kwambiri. Miphika imagwiritsidwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo kubzala masamba. Pankhani yogwiritsira ntchito chida ichi, digger imafuna khama, makamaka ngati mukuyenera kugwira ntchito pa nthaka kapena alumina.
Ndikofunikira! Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zozizwitsa zopangidwa ndi zozizwitsa, paliponse zomwe zilipo, zomwe zimakhala kuchokera ku 15 mpaka 20 cm. Zili bwino kwambiri ku malo omwe nthaka imatha kufalitsa ndi 5-10 masentimita, ndipo nthaka yaikulu ndi chernozem (burozem).Ngati nyengo ya m'derali ndi yowopsya kwambiri, ngakhale kuyaza kofiira bayonet sikukwanira, ndipo simungathe kusintha nthaka moyenera.
Kodi kukumba chozizwitsa fosholo? Timazindikira momwe ntchito yake ikugwiritsire ntchito: simudzayenera kugwada, ndipo pangozi yovulaza kumbuyo kwanu yachepetsedwa (izi ndi zoona kwa anthu omwe ali ndi radiculitis). Komanso, kuyesayesa kwa thupi kumafunika, ndipo liwiro la ntchito, mosiyana, limakula. Ndondomeko yogwirira ntchito ndi fosholo yabwino ndi yotsatira.
Pogwiritsa ntchito phazi pampando wapadera, m'pofunika kukulitsa fosholo pansi. Popanda kuchotsa phazi lanu papulatifomu, tengani phazi lachiwiri kumbuyo, panthawi imodzimodziyo mutayang'ana pamadzi anu - nthaka idzakhala mano. Kuwala kumagwedezeka kuchokera kumanzere ndi kumanja kugwedeza nthaka, motero kumatulutsa kumasula. N'zotheka kutembenuzira nthaka ndi dzanja limodzi lakuthwa, kutsogolera fosholo 10-15 masentimita mmbuyo. Mukamaliza njira zingapo, muyenera kuyendayenda pamtengowo ndi kukhetsa mapepala.
Mukudziwa? Dzina losatayika la fosholo yamakono ndi "zokhala". Icho chimachokera ku tanthauzo la mtundu wa ntchito "kulowerera, kupititsa patsogolo ndi phazi," ndiko, kuti agwiritse ntchito bayonet yachitsulo.
Mu mafakitale a mafakitale, ziwalo zosuntha nthawi zambiri zimagwedezeka ndi dziko lapansi, chifukwa chake amayamba kugwira ntchito molakwika. Kuonjezera apo, nthawi zina zimathyoledwa ndi matabwa, zomwe zimalowetsedwa muzipangizo zapadera. Zida zopangidwa ndiwekha, ziwalo zonse zimagwirizanitsa kwambiri, kotero kuti kusweka ndi kumamatira kuli pafupi. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti fosholo lozizwitsa la m'mundamo, lomwe linapangidwa ndi dzanja, liribe zolakwa zonse. Pali zotheka kwambiri kuti zitha kusokoneza ziwalo za pulasitiki kapena kutsekemera ndi kuphulika kwa mapepala apulasitiki (ngati alipo), ngakhale kuti zolakwa zoterezi zimangowoneka patatha zaka zambiri zogwiritsa ntchito.
Zokongola zodabwitsa zimazichita nokha zomwe tikusowa
Pali mfundo zingapo zofunika zomwe muyenera kuziganizira pakupanga fosholo yodabwitsa. Kutalika kwa bayonet komwe ingalowe m'nthaka kumadalira kukula kwake kwa nthaka. Nthawi zina kugwiritsa ntchito fosholo n'kofunika kwambiri pofuna kumasula dothi, masentimita 10 adzakhala okwanira, koma pobzala mbewu zamasamba zidzakhala zofunikira kwambiri kukumba (mwina mano ayenera kulowa mu nthaka yosanjikiza ndi masentimita 5). Zowonjezereka za chozizwitsa cha m'tsogolo chimadalira malo omwe adakonzedweratu.
Ndikofunikira!Zowonjezera za chida sichiyenera kupitirira 50 masentimita, mwinamwake muyenera kuyesetsa khama kwambiri.Kusankha zinthu zofunikira kuti mupange zozizwitsa zanu zozizwitsa, muyenera kukumbukira kuti mafakitale akugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mafoloko, koma osati kawiri kapena katatu, koma ochuluka (kuchokera 35 cm). Pakati pa ndodo zogwirira ntchitoyo anapangidwa pafupifupi masentimita asanu, omwe ali mano asanu ndi awiri m'litali la kotala mita. Zikuonekeratu kuti ichi si chozizwitsa chonse chozizwitsa, ndipo zojambulazo, zomwe zidzafotokozedwe pansipa, zikuwonetsanso zambiri, zofunikira zambiri.
Kotero Pangani chida ichi ndi manja anu, muyenera:
- Pambuyo pake pamtunda wa 2 cm ndi mtanda wa pafupifupi 0,5 cm;
- chubu lalikulu ndi gawo la 1 cm;
- chitoliro chachitsulo chokhala chachikulu kuposa masentimita asanu;
- makina odzola;
- mitsuko ndi mtedza;
- Chibulgaria;
- kubowola;
- sandpaper.
Mukudziwa? Dzina la munthu yemwe anayambitsa chophimba chozizwitsa sichidziwika ndithu, ngakhale kuti akukhulupirira kuti linapangidwa ku Yekaterinburg.
Malangizo opanga mafosholo odabwitsa ndi zithunzi
Musanayambe kupanga zozizwitsa zokhazokha, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa zofunikira za chida choterocho. Muzithunzi zambiri, mafoloko amawongolera mosasunthika pa chimango chokankhira kutsogolo ndikuyikidwa pambali, kumangirizidwa ndi kutsogolo kumbuyo (nthawi zina, chimangocho chimalowetsedwa ndi chidutswa chophwanyika pang'ono). Pakati pa mano, amphongo amatha, omwe amafanana ndi ake.
Chidachi chingakhale ndi mbali ziwiri, koma nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito nthawi zonse, ngati fosholo kapena umale. Komabe, sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito matabwa, chifukwa chiwindichi chimatha kusweka (mano nthawi zambiri amamatirira mizu). M'malo mwa chitoliro chachitsulo (mwachitsanzo, aluminiyumu) akhoza kuikidwa. Ngati chingwechi chikugwera m'chisa cha m'munda, pa maziko ake, ndiye kuti zidzakhala zovuta kuchotsa zowonongeka, ndipo njira yokhayo ndiyo kuyesera kuzichotsa.
Pali zitsanzo zosavuta, zojambula zomwe zimaphatikizapo chimango, chomwe ndi panthawi imodzimodziyo (yomwe ili pambali pa gawo logwira ntchito). Manowa amawonekera molunjika ku ndodo yapambali, pamapeto pake omwe ali osakanikirana nawo awiriwo. Chombochi chozizwitsa chimapezeka panyumba.
Mukudziwa? Masiku akale, fosholo yamtengo wapatali (kapena, monga momwe imatchedwanso "tsamba") inali ndi masentimita 6 mpaka 14 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 8 mpaka 16, ndipo izi ndi kutalika kwina ndi chogwirira 1½-1¾. Ku Russia, mafosholo onse ndi makoswe ankapangidwa kuchokera ku aspen, nthawi zina kuchokera ku linden kapena birch, ndipo nthawi zambiri sichimapezeka ku thundu kapena mapulo.
Pamene mukupanga zozizwitsa zozizwitsa, choyamba, ndikofunikira kupanga bayonets, kuti cholinga chokonzekera chokonzekera chikhale chodutswa. Mapeto a zigawo izi amachotsedwa kuchokera kumbali imodzi pa ngodya ya 30 °, ngakhale ngati dera lanulo lili lofewa, bevel ingachepetse kufika 15 ° (ngakhale izi zidzatsogolera kuwirikiza kagawo kakang'ono).
Pokhala ndi ma bayonets ofunikila m'manja mwanu, mungathe kupititsa patsogolo popangidwira galimoto yonyamulira, ndipo mbali imodzi ya chubu lalikuluyi imadulidwa. Ndiyeneranso kukonzekera chubu lopanda phokoso, lomwe m'tsogolomu lidzagwira ntchito. Zonsezi zimapangidwira molingana ndi zithunzi zomwe zili pansipa.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kokhala ndi fosholo zodabwitsa m'munda
Kotero, takhala tikuganiza momwe tingadzipangire chozizwitsa chozizwitsa nokha, ndi zomwe mungafune kuzichita. Koma kodi chida ichi chikufunikira m'nyumba? Ndikofunika kulingalira ubwino ndi zovuta zonse za kapangidwe kameneka.
Chozizwitsa chodabwitsa ndi chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuposa ena ake, chifukwa:
- kumathandiza kuchepetsa thupi;
- kumawonjezera liwiro la kukumba chifukwa cha kukula kwa kanjira;
- zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito;
- yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthaka iliyonse;
- ali ndi chizindikiro chodalirika chotsimikizika.
Palinso zolakwika zolakwika, kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
- zovuta zowonongeka;
- kulephera kukumbukira kukumba;
- kusatheka kwa kukumba mabowo;
- kuti ntchito yobala, kulemera kwa digger sayenera kukhala osachepera 80 kg.
Chidachi chimangokhala ntchito yabwino. Malinga ndi kutalika kwa mabotoni pa mafoloko akuluakulu, pothole amagwiritsidwa ntchito potsegula nthaka kapena kufesa. Choncho, kuya kwa masentimita 15 mpaka 25 (chiwerengero chenicheni chimadalira pa mlingo wa nthaka yozizira) zidzakhala zokwanira kubzala mbatata, kabichi, chimanga ndi mbewu zambiri za masamba. Komabe, atapatsidwa kuti tomato, tsabola ndi nkhaka amabzalidwa pomwepo ndi mbande, iwo ayenera kupanga pangТono mabowo. M'munda, fosholo yodabwitsa idzakhala yopanda phindu: sikuyenera kubzala mitengo ndikupanga mabowo abwino.
Poganizira mwachidule zonsezi, zindikirani kuti zipangizo zoterezi zidzakhala zothandiza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi minda ya masamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndiwo zamasamba, ndipo malo omwe akuyenera kuchitidwa sayenera kukhala osachepera theka la zana, mwinamwake zidzakhala zophweka kugwira ntchito ndi fosholo nthawi zonse.
