Momwe mungadyere peyala moyenera komanso liti

Mtengo wa peyala umafunika kukonzedwa pafupipafupi, pokhapokha ngati izi zimakula bwino, zimakula ndikubereka zipatso. Feteleza ndi amodzi mwa malo ofunika kwambiri paukadaulo waulimi wachikhalidwe ichi. Kuchulukana ndi kapangidwe ka feteleza, komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito zimatengera nthawi ya chaka komanso magawo azomera zazomera. Kutsatira kokha malamulo aukadaulo aulimi kungakuthandizeni kukula mtengo wabwino ndikupeza zipatso zazikulu zamtundu wabwino.

Mitundu yayikulu ya feteleza kudyetsa mapeyala

Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa amakonda kuchita popanda zowonjezera mchere, akukhulupirira kuti zitha kuvulaza mbewu ndi thanzi la munthu. Koma pokhapokha pakuwongolera zochuluka za feteleza wachilengedwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, sizikhala zowopsa kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito ma agrochemicals. Ngati mumatsatira mosamala mlingo woyenera, ndiye kuti feteleza wopatsa mchere nthawi zina amabweretsa zabwino zambiri kuposa organic.

Nitrogen

Zowonjezera za nayitrogeni za peyala zimayambitsidwa mchaka, kuti mtengowo ukhale ndi nthawi yakukula korona wabwinobwino komanso wathanzi, komanso kuvala zovala za chilimwe pamwamba - kuti zithandizire kukulitsa mazira azipatso. Kuperewera kwa chinthuchi mumtengo kumaphatikizira chikaso chamaso ndi kugwa kwa masamba. Palibe kuvulazidwa kochepa komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa malingana ndi izi:

• kukula kwamphamvu kwa mphukira zazing'ono, pomwe mphamvu zonse za chomerazo ziyenera kubala zipatso;
• kudzikundikira ndi zipatso zochuluka za ma nitrate;
• muzu umayaka.

Mukadyetsa mapeyala, feteleza wa nayitrogeni ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• urea
• ammonium nitrate;
• ammonium sulfate;
• sodium nitrate (sodium nitrate).

Urea ndi feteleza wofunika wa nayitrogeni, ndichifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse popewa komanso kuchiza kuchepa kwa nayitrogeni m'minda.

Urea imagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa komanso kuchiza kuchepa kwa nayitrogeni.

Phosphorous

Mwachilengedwe, phosphorous sapezeka pamtundu womwe ungapezeke ndi mbewu. Popanda chinthuchi, amamwa nayitrogeni bwino; kukula bwino ndikukula kwa mizu, maluwa ndi zipatso za mtengo ndizosatheka.

Mu feteleza wachilengedwe - manyowa, ndowe za mbalame - phosphorous ndizochepa kwambiri. Izi zimabweretsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azimbidwe a phosphorous a muzu ndi zovala zapamwamba za foliar.

Pothira feteleza, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonjezere superphosphate yosavuta kapena iwiri, komanso mwala wa phosphate.

Feteleza wa phosphorous ali ndi phosphorous mu mawonekedwe osavuta kugaya ndi mbeu

Potaziyamu

Potaziyamu amafunikira kwambiri mapeyala achinyamata kuti akule bwino komanso kuti akule bwino. M'mitengo ya akuluakulu, izi zimathandizira chitetezo chokwanira, zimathandizira kupulumuka chilala cha chilimwe ndi chisanu cham'm nyengo yachisanu, komanso zimathandizira kusunga zipatso.

Monga chovala pamwamba pamizu, potaziyamu umayikidwa mu kugwa, kuti pofika nthawi yophulika feteleza azitha kuwola m'nthaka, ndipo udzaonekeranso mbewu. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati gawo la zovala zapamwamba za phosphorous-potaziyamu kwambiri m'chilimwe. Feteleza wa potashi yemwe akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito (zosakaniza za chimodzi chamagawo) ndi potaziyamu sulfate, mchere wa potaziyamu.

Potaziyamu sulfate nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira mafuta a mapeyala.

Feteleza zovuta

Zakudya zazikulu (nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu) zimatha kuyambitsa mtundu wa chimodzi, zomwe zimafotokozedwa pamwambapa, koma ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wopangidwa mwaluso:

• nitroammophosco;
• nitrophosco;
• ammophos;
• diammophos.

Zitha kuphatikizira ndi magnesium ndi sulufule, komanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana za kufufuza.

Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa korona ndi feteleza wovuta kumapangitsa kukula kwa mitengo yazipatso, kumalimbitsa chitetezo chathupi, kusintha zipatso. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa mitengo yaing'ono ndi akulu.

Zojambulajambula: feteleza zovuta

Feteleza wachilengedwe

Feteleza feteleza - chilengedwe mwachilengedwe chofunikira kwambiri chamoyo, chokhala ndi michere yopezeka m'mizere. Amathandizanso dothi, kusintha mawonekedwe ake ndikuyambitsa ntchito ya mabakiteriya.

Kwa odziwa zamaluwa, si chinsinsi kuti mapeyala amakonda feteleza wachilengedwe.

Manyowa ndi humus

Manyowa ndi feteleza wathunthu wokhala ndi michere yonse yofunika chomera. Amonia imakhalapo nthawi zonse muzinthu zatsopano, chifukwa chake, kuyika kwake m'nthaka kumatha kuwononga mizu ya mtengowo, makamaka kwa mapeyala achichepere azaka zitatu.

Palibe chifukwa sangathe kubweretsedwa pansi pa chomera manyowa, ovunda okha.

//derevoved.com/udobrenie-i-podkormka-sada

Zimatenga pafupifupi zaka zitatu kuti munthu asanduke manyowa atsopano kuti akhale ovala zovala zapamwamba. Humus ndi wabwino kwa mapeyala. Kutengera mawonekedwe a dothi, kuchuluka kwa feteleza wogwiritsidwa ntchito akhoza kukhala 6-10 kg / m².

Humus muli nambala yayikulu pazinthu zofunika kuzomera

Ndowera mbalame

Mavalidwe apamwamba a nayitrogeni monga mbalame zitosi amabwezedwa kokha mchaka pakukula kwa mitengo, kuphatikiza nthaka m'nthaka yoyandikira. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti feteleza wosabowedwa watsopano amatha kuwotcha mizu.

Popewa kuvulaza mizu ya mtengowo, maponya amankhuku amadzimbidwa:

1. Pafupifupi 1-1.5 makilogalamu a ndowe zouma zija zimayikidwa mu ndowa yokwanira malita khumi.
2. Madzi 3-4 amawonjezedwa.
3. Siyani kwa masiku 1-2 kuti nayonso mphamvu.
4. Onjezani madzi m'mphepete ndikusakaniza bwino.

Kuvala pamwamba kotereku sikungavulaze mizu ya mitengo yanu.

Ngati atasungidwa molakwika, nayitrogeni mu zinyalala zatsopano amasintha kukhala ammonia, choncho ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zowuma, nayitrogeni imasungidwa kwathunthu mmenemo.

Feteleza wouma utha kuyikidwa pompopompo ngati muufinya m'madzi muyezo wa 1:20.

Zidonsi za nkhuku siziyenera kuyikidwa panthaka.

Phulusa

Phulusa ndi feteleza wachilengedwe wofunika yemwe amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa dothi, amasintha mmalo mwake potashi. Kuphatikiza apo, ilinso ndi zinthu zazing'ono komanso zazikulu:

• calcium
• magnesium
• chitsulo
• salfa;
• zinc.

Galasi imodzi ya phulusa imalowetsa 10 g ya feteleza aliyense wa potashi. Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu, zinthu zabwino pazomera zimakhala mpaka zaka zitatu.

Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa la nkhuni, zabwino pazomera zimatha mpaka zaka zitatu

Masika-chilimwe kudyetsa mapeyala

Njira yodzivala yovala pamwamba pamalimwe ndi chilimwe imakhala ndi mizu itatu ndi 2 zovala zapamwamba:

• kasupe woyamba - ndi chiyambi cha kudzutsidwa kwa impso;
• kasupe wachiwiri - gawo loyambira;
• kasupe wachitatu - atagwa inflorescence;
• kuvala kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa chilimwe kumapeto kwa chilimwe - kumapeto kwa June;
• yachiwiri kuvala kwapamwamba kwanyengo yachilimwe - mu Julayi.

Feteleza wa masika

Chapakatikati, masamba akapepuka m'mitengo, ndibwino kuti muwadyetse.

Pazovala zitatu zoyambirira za peyala, mankhwala okhala ndi nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe ali ndi phindu pa kukula kwa mtengo:

• koyambirira kwam'mawa, nayitrogeni amathandiza kupanga korona wobiriwira;
• yachiwiri yovala pamwamba - imapangitsa mapangidwe a inflorescence, pomwe mbewu yamtsogolo imatengera;
• wachitatu kuvala pamwamba - kumathandiza kugwa kwa thumba losunga mazira komanso kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa zipatso zabwino.

Chovala chapamwamba cham'mphepete chimachitika pokhapokha ndi mizu.

Feteleza amamugwiritsa ntchito ngati mitengo yayikulu m'mipanda yopanda 20-30 cm, yomwe imapangidwa m'mphepete mwa chisoti, pambuyo pake bwalo lamtengo limathirira madzi ambiri. Zopopera zamadzimadzi zimayambitsidwanso poyambira, kenako ndikutsirira.

Pambuyo povala pamwamba, thunthu limathiriridwa

Pazovala zonse zomwe zimachitika mchaka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwamalemba awa:

• 200 g wa urea / 10 l madzi a 2 akuluakulu mapeyala;
• 30 g ya ammonium nitrate / 10 l yamadzi awiri mapeyala;
• 500 g mbalame zitosi / 10 l madzi - kunena tsiku ndi kutsanulira 5 l pa 1 peyala;
• 80-120 g wa urea (urea) / 5 l madzi, madzi mtengo umodzi;
• humus imalowetsedwa mu thunthu lozungulira kukumba pa mulingo wa 3-5 makilogalamu pa 1 mita².

M'mavalidwe awiri oyamba a kasupe, feteleza wopanda mchere wokhala ndi nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Mu chovala chachitatu chapamwamba, chomwe chimachitika mutangomaliza kumene maluwa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wokwanira, mwachitsanzo, 50 g wa nitroammophoski / 10 l wamadzi pa 1 mita imodzi ya tsinde - pafupifupi 30 l pa 1 pe.

Feteleza zachilengedwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pachaka chilichonse, feteleza wa mineral amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chilichonse.

Kudyetsa ana a peyala, kuphatikiza wazaka 3

Mu zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za moyo, peyala wachichepere, monga lamulo, samapangidwa umuna, popeza zinthu zonse zofunika zimayikidwa nthawi yobzala. Kudyetsa kumayambira zaka zitatu zokha komanso nitrogen, mchere kapena organic:

• Feteleza wa nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito malinga ndi malangizo. Mu kasupe, amabweretsedwa mwachindunji pamtengo wozungulira, atakumba dothi mpaka 10cm, mozungulira thunthulo limamasulidwa ndikuzama masentimita 5-7, kuti asavulaze mizu. Pambuyo pake, mtengowo umathiriridwa kwambiri.
• Zamoyo - humus kapena kompositi - zimabweretsedwa mozungulira bwalo, ndikuphimba mtengo wokhala ndi masentimita 3-4.

Nthawi zambiri, m'mayendedwe a mineral agrochemicals, kuwerengera kumaperekedwa kwa 1 m². Nthawi yomweyo, mizu ya peyala pazaka zapakati pa 2-4 imafika pafupifupi 5 m², ndipo kwa mtengo wazaka 6-8 ndi 10 m².

//plodorod.net/rasteniya/chem-podkarmlivat-grushu/#i-3

Kuyambira kuyambira zaka zisanu, peyalayo imadyetsedwa ngati mtengo wachikulire.

Kanema: kudyetsa mapeyala kumapeto

Kavalidwe kazilimwe

Kuti tiwonetsetse wathanzi la peyala m'chilimwe, ndikofunikira kuchita zovala zingapo. Mitundu yoyambirira ndi yakucha yakuyamba kudyetsa m'zaka khumi zapitazi za June, kenako mu Julayi, ndipo kenaka - masiku 15 pambuyo pake.

Kuvala pamwamba kwambiri kwa chilimwe kumachitika m'njira zachabechabe. Kumwaza masamba kumathandizira kuti mayamwa azigwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu kuposa momwe amavalira kale.

M'chilimwe, chakudya chambiri chimakonda.

Ngati dzinja litakhala lozizira, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kukonzanso zinthu. Kutentha kotsika + 12 ° C, mizu yokhazikika ya peyalayo imapatsa michere pang'onopang'ono. Momwemonso zimachitika pamene chinyezi chimasuntha nthawi yamvula yambiri.

//plodorod.net/rasteniya/chem-podkarmlivat-grushu

Povala kadzilimwe koyamba, zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni zimathandizira. Nthawi zambiri, yankho la urea limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa. Imangodyetsa mtengowo ndi nayitrogeni, komanso kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, ndiko kupewa matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo.

Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba kwambiri m'chilimwe sichinachitike kuposa masiku 15 pambuyo povala komaliza. Pakadali pano, mapangidwe zipatso amapezeka, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chomera cha potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Izi ndizomwe zimayang'anira kukula, shuga okhutira ndi nthawi yayitali yosungirako zipatso. Kuti muwabwezeretse, gwiritsani ntchito umodzi wa feteleza:

• potaziyamu sulfate;
• phosphorite ufa;
• superphosphate.

Fosphoric feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi feteleza wa potashi, mwachitsanzo, potaziyamu sulfate. Nthawi yomweyo, feteleza wokhala ndi zida zofufuza angagwiritsidwe ntchito:

• boroni;
• magnesium
• mkuwa
• zinc;
• chitsulo ndi ena

Munthawi ya chilimwe, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa momwe mitengo ili m'mundamu - kukula kwa mphukira, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a chipatso, mawonekedwe a tsamba, zina. Kusintha kulikonse kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kuperewera kwa zinthu, pankhani iyi, amapatsidwa chakudya nthawi yomweyo.

Gome: Zizindikiro zakunja za kusowa kwa macro- ndi ma microelements pakudya mapeyala

Mitengo imapoperedwa m'mawa kapena madzulo ndi nyengo youma komanso bata. Popeza njira zothetsera feteleza pang'ono ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito, zimakhala ndi yochepa. Kuti mukwaniritse kufunika, muyenera kuchita kuvala kwa 2-3 ndikutalika kwa masiku 8-10.

Gome: Mlingo wa feteleza wa ma peyala odyetsa ubweya

Kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa zinthu zina kumatha kudwala matenda abulu, choncho thanzi la mbewu zilizonse liyenera kukhala lokwanira.

Kuonjezera mphamvu ya kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, njira isanayambe kapena itangochitika, mtengowo umathiridwa bwino ndi madzi.

Mavalidwe apamwamba kwambiri

Munthawi imeneyi, kuvala pamwamba kumafunikira kuti umabwezeretsanso michere yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula kwa masamba, komanso kuwonjezera kukula kwa mtengo wozizira. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri kuyambira kumapeto kwa Seputembala mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Novembala. Kuchuluka kwa feteleza komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji kumatengera zaka za mtengowu ndi kukula kwa mizu.

Malo otchulira ovala pamwamba kwambiri akhoza kukhala achikasu masamba. Ngati korona 1/3 idasanduka chikasu, ndiye nthawi yakwaniritsa feteleza.

//plodorod.net/rasteniya/chem-podkarmlivat-grushu/

Munthawi imeneyi, feteleza wa nayitrogeni samachotsedwa, kuphatikiza organic - manyowa, kompositi kapena peat.

Mukamadyetsa mapeyala mu kugwa, feteleza wa mchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe ali ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Kuphatikizidwa kwa mchere osakanikirana m'dzinja kukumba 30 g ya granular superphosphate / 15 g wa potaziyamu mankhwala enaake (150 ml) phulusa la nkhuni pa 1 m².

Ndondomeko

1. Asananyowe ndi peyala, dothi limadzaza ndi madzi - 20 l (zidebe ziwiri) zamadzi pa 1 mita.
   

   Asanakhale manyowa pamtengo ndimathiriridwa ndi madzi

2. Feteleza amatengedwera kudera la pafupi-tsinde kuti kukumba kapena kupangira miyala yotalika pafupifupi 20-30 cm kukumba mozungulira mbali ya korona.
3. Chingwe cha thunthu chimathiriridwa madzi ochuluka.
4. Pamalo opanda, opanda mabowo, thunthu la thunthu limalungika ndi peat ndi humus, amatengedwa chimodzimodzi. Dothi la mulch liyenera kukhala osachepera 15-20 masentimita, nthawi yozizira limateteza mizu ya peyala kuti isazizire.
   

   Pa dothi lodzazidwa ndi humus, mtengo wozungulira nyengo yachisanu umakhazikika mpaka kutalika kwa 20 cm

Mukakonzekera kuvala kwamadzimadzi pamwamba, phulusa la nkhuni limapatula: superphosphate ndi mchere wa potaziyamu imasungunuka mu 10 l lamadzi ndikulowetsedwa m'manda okonzedwa. Phulusa louma lomwe limakumba m'mbali mwa thunthu mpaka akuya 20 cm.

Kuyang'ana chinyezi cha dothi ndikosavuta. Ngati nthaka, yapanikizika pachikhatho cha dzanja lanu, ndikusintha kukhala keke, pali chinyezi chokwanira pamalowo.

Kuvala bwino nthawi zonse kumakupatsani mwayi wokulitsa mtengo wathanzi ndikulandila zipatso zokoma za peyala pachaka.