Thuja smaragd - kufotokozera ndi kukula kwake, ikamatera ndi chisamaliro

Thuja pomasulira kuchokera ku Latin amatanthauza "mtengo wofunikira". Nthawi zambiri imatchedwa mtengo wa paradiso, chifukwa mu nthano zambiri zambiri zomwe zimati: thuja imagwirizanitsa kumwamba ndi pansi pa thambo. Amakhulupiriranso kuti amakula pakati pa paradiso. Dziko lakwawo ndi Asia ndi North America.

Thuja smaragd kumadzulo

Thuja smaragd ndi wa banja la aCypress. Mtambo wobiriwira nthawi zonse umatha kusangalatsa maso ako kwa zaka 50 mpaka 100. Mtengo wa monoecious uli ndi mawonekedwe owonda komanso owonda piramidi.

Thuja kusakaniza

Thuja smaragd: Kufotokozera ndi kukula kwake

Thuja yakumadzulo smaragd imasiyanitsidwa ndi kufotokozera kwake kwapadera:

• Mtengowu umafalikira kukula mpaka 4 mpaka 6 m kutalika mpaka 2 m. Kusiyana pakukula kumadalira mitundu. Kuthengo, kutalika kumatha kufika 70 m;
• ali ndi korona wowonda, wokutidwa ndi singano. Kuchokera kwa iwo, opanga amakonda kupanga zaluso zenizeni zowoneka bwino, zomwe zimakhala zokongoletsera zamtundu uliwonse;
• kasupe, nyemba zazing'ono zofiirira zimawoneka pamtengowo, zomwe zimagwa ndi nthawi yoyambira yophukira;
• ku Russia kuli mitundu iwiri - mtengo wobiriwira komanso wamtundu wagolide;
• imapatsa kununkhira kodabwitsa kotsalira.

Thuja smaragd ikukula mwachangu motani

Thuja kumadzulo kumakula pang'onopang'ono. Kwa chaka amawonjezera masentimita 10 m'litali ndi 5 cm mulifupi.

Kutenga ndi kusamalira

Kuti mukule mtengo wamphamvu komanso wathanzi, muyenera kuganizira mosamala zonse. Hafu ya kupambana zimatengera malo oyenera kubzala mbewuyo. Thuja smaragd amakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa, komabe, sizoyenera kulola kuti mbewuyo ikhale padzuwa tsiku lonse, chifukwa cheza chimatsogolera mtengowu kutulutsa madzi, ndipo buluu wa buluu silivomerezera nyengo yachisanu.

Ngakhale mtengo umatha kumera mwakachetechete komanso dongo, ndibwino kuwubzala m'nthaka yokhala ndi michere. Kuti muchite izi, sakanizani peat, turf kumtunda ndi mchenga.

Tuyu wabzalidwa kwa mbewu ndi kudula. Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu ndikovuta komanso nthawi yambiri. Kuyambira nthawi yofesa mbewu zakuthupi komanso musanazuledwe m'nthaka, zaka ziwiri mpaka zisanu zimatha kudutsa.

Zingwe zimakololedwa chaka chimenecho mtengo ukubala zipatso. Amayikidwa pamalo otentha, pomwe amatseguka, ndipo mbewu zimatulutsa. Zolemba zazikulu zokha ndizomwe zimasankhidwa kuti zibzale.

Mafoni okhala ndi njere

Ubwino wakukula fanizo losakanizika ndi nthangala ndikuti lidzaphuka mwamphamvu komanso lidzasintha mogwirizana ndi nyengo yam'deralo.

Kuti muthe kukula kwa thuja kuchokera pambewu kuti muchite bwino, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena:

• zipatso zimabzalidwa mumchenga wonyowa ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu ya mphika;
• mbewu yamtsogolo imayikidwa mufiriji kapena malo ozizira kwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu ndikutentha kwa pafupifupi 6 ° C;
• kufesa kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa, nthawi ndi nthawi chotsani filimuyo ndi mpweya wabwino kuti condensate isadziunjike;
• M'mwezi wa February, mbewuyo imayikidwa mu dothi yokonzedwa kuchokera kumtunda wa peat, peat ndi mchenga. Pofuna kupha tizilombo, dothi limathirira madzi ndi njira ya potaziyamu permanganate. Zomera zimayikidwa mu chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa 20 ° C;
• zikamera zikamera, zimasunthidwa kumalo abwino komanso zimayatsa bwino;
• 2 kawiri pamwezi muyenera kupanga feteleza wa michere m'nthaka;
• mbande ikakhala ndi zaka 2, imadzadzidwa. M'chilimwe, miphika yokhala ndi mbewu imatengedwa kupita kumlengalenga ndikuyala pang'ono;
• mchaka chachitatu, mbande zimabzalidwa m'mbale zazikulu. Akafika kutalika kwa masentimita 50, amawabzala kuchokera ku nazale mumsewu kuti azikhalamo. Izi sizichitika pasanathe zaka zisanu mutabzala mbewu.

Wamaluwa amaphunziranso kubzala mbewu panja. Kutenga mu kugwa, ndibwino kuyiyika m'mabokosi, popeza chomera chaching'ono chimawoneka ngati katsabola ndipo ndizosavuta kusokoneza ndi namsongole. Nthambi za mtengo zimawonekera ali ndi miyezi 6.

Momwe mungabzalire thuja smaragd

Palibe wolima m'munda yemwe amadandaula momwe angabzalire thuja smaragd ndi kuchuluka kwa malo omwe angafunikire.

Malangizo ofunikira kukayenda pang'onopang'ono:

1. Ndikofunikira kukumba dzenje ndi mainchesi pafupifupi mita ndi kuya kosaposa 80 cm.
2. Lowetsani pansi ndi dothi lokwanira, kenaka tsanulirani dothi mu dzenje, losakanikirana ndi 2 tbsp. phulusa ndi mchere feteleza.
3. Mmera umayikidwa kuti khosi mizu ikhale pamwamba.
4. Ngati pali mtima wofuna kupanga hedge kuchokera ku thuja, ndiye kuti mbewuzo zimabzalidwa patali kuchokera pa mzake osapitirira mita imodzi. Kukula kwaulere, muyenera 2-5 mamita pakati pa mitengo. Mipanda yotereyi imapereka mavuto ku tchire chilichonse zokwawa, zomwe zimapanganso mipanda.

Kubzala kwa Thuja m'nthaka

Njira yothirira

Nthawi zonse kuthirira kumadalira mvula. M'masiku otentha, mtengowo umathiriridwa madzi masiku onse atatu. Osachepera 10 malita a madzi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chomera chilichonse. Kutsirira kumachitika m'mawa kapena madzulo. Komanso, mtengowo uyenera kuthiridwa nthawi zonse.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Kwa thuja, komanso ma conifers ena, ndikofunikira kuti apereke kuvala koyenera kovomerezeka. Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti sizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Kuchuluka kwa mchere kungakhudze mtengo.

Mavalidwe apamwamba ayeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala komanso nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito yokongoletsa thuja. Ngakhale mtengo wachikulire uli ndi mizu yolimba bwino ndipo umatha kutulutsa chakudya m'dothi, umafunikiranso kudyetsedwa.

Chonde kupatukana magawo angapo:

1. Mukabzala, phulusa la kompositi limanenanso dothi. 3 makilogalamu a phulusa amagwera mu dzenje limodzi, lomwe limakonkhedwa pansi, ndipo ndowa ya kompositi imasakanizika ndi dothi. Pambuyo pake, samapanga feteleza wina kwa chaka chathunthu.
2. Chovala chotsatirachi chapamwamba chimachitika mchaka. Zinthu zopanda mchere zimalowetsedwa m'nthaka, zomwe zimakhala: nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu, calcium, chitsulo ndi zinthu zina zofunikira. Izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kapena kumapeto kwa Marichi, zonse zimatengera nyengo nyengo. Ngati thuja adapirira nthawi yozizira, ndiye muyenera kumuthandiza kuti akhale wamphamvu. Chifukwa cha izi, muzu ndi woyenera.
3. Ndikofunikira kudyetsa mbewu kumapeto kwa chirimwe. Munthawi imeneyi, humus imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe sikuti imangodyetsa mbewuzo, komanso imawateteza ku fungus.

Anthu odziwa bwino chilimwe amapereka malamulo angapo okhathetsa feteleza:

• Simungathe kuwonjezera mavalidwe osiyanasiyana, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kuchitika;
• pakati pa feteleza wa nthaka ayenera kudutsa milungu iwiri;
• tsiku lisanakhale feteleza nthaka liyenera kuthiriridwa;
• kugwa, kudyetsa konse kumayima.

Mawonekedwe a chisamaliro cha chilimwe

M'masiku otentha a chilimwe, thuja iyenera kutetezedwa ku kutentha kwa cheza. Chifukwa cha izi, kapangidwe kakang'ono pamwamba pa mtengo ndi koyenera.

Nthawi ndi nthawi, maudzu amayenera kuchotsedwa ndikuchotseredwa zisa. Kutsegulira dothi pafupipafupi kumapangitsa kuti mpweya wabwino uzitha kuzungulira mizu ndi mpweya.

Ndibwino kuti mulch nthaka kamodzi pachaka. Izi zitha kuteteza malowo kuti asapangidwe ndi namsongole ndikusunga chinyezi.

Nthaka mulching

Kukonzekera yozizira

Mbande zazing'ono za chaka choyamba cha moyo ziyenera kuphimbidwa. Mitengo yokhwima imatha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira panja. Kuzungulira mbandezo amamanga chimango ndikuyigwirizanitsa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu yoyera. Kupangika kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti chisanu chizitsika kuchokera pamwamba, osatalikitsa nthambi za mitengo.

Muyenera kusamalira mizu, apo ayi mtengo ungume. Kuti muchite izi, masamba amasakanikirana ndi pansi ndikuwazidwa pamalowo. Kusakaniza koteroko kumathandizira kuti chinyontho chisakhale m'nthaka, ndipo masamba owola azithandizanso ngati feteleza.

Kukonzekera yozizira kumachitika mu kugwa mpaka chisanu chikugwa.

Ndikayamba masika, musathamangire kutsegula mtengo. Itha kukhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Muyenera kudikirira kuti dziko lithe, ndipo kunja kumatenthe kwambiri mpaka kutentha.

Kuswana

Kufalikira kwa Thuja kunyumba kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi nthangala, nthambi ndi kudula. Za kufesa mbewu zatchulidwa kale pamwambapa, tsopano tiona njira zopweteketsa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo timitengo ndi zodula.

Kuti nthambi ziyambe, malo odulidwawo amathandizidwa ndi zokupatsani mphamvu ndikuyika m'bokosi. Nthambi zingapo zingabzalidwe mumphika umodzi, koposa zonse, kukhalabe mtunda wa 3-5 masentimita pakati pawo.

Chapakatikati, mbewu zolimba zimatha kuyikidwamo, ndipo nthawi yotentha zimabzalidwa kale.

Kufalikira ndi kudula

Njira yofalitsira zodulidwa ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri. Izi zimachitika mu kugwa. Njira zamphamvu komanso zathanzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ntchito yodzala. Zodulidwa siziyenera kukhala zazing'ono kwambiri kapena zachikulire kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kusankha mphukira pakati pa thunthu.

Njira zake zimabzalidwe m'nthaka yokonzedwa, yomwe ndi chisakanizo cha dothi la peat ndi masamba. Amatengedwa chimodzimodzi.

Mukukonzekera kubereka, malingaliro otsatirawa akuyenera kutsatiridwa:

• masamba owonjezera ayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo omwe atsalira sayenera kukhudza peat;
• muyenera kukhazikitsa wowonjezera kutentha kwa chogwirizira, chifukwa mitsuko yagalasi yowonekera ndiyabwino;
• mbande zimayikidwa m'malo otentha. Chinyezi sayenera kupitirira 70%, ndipo kutentha kumayenera kufika pafupifupi 23 ° C, apo ayi mphukira imatha kuvunda;
• Bwinobwino sichithirira madzi osungunuka pansi pa muzu, koma uzipopera pafupipafupi.

Kufalikira ndi kudula

Ngati mphukira zatsopano zawoneka pa thuja, ndiye kuti zayamba bwino kuzika mizu. Komabe, simuyenera kufulumira kubzala mtengo m'nthaka. Choyamba, wowonjezera kutentha amafunika kukhomerera, pang'onopang'ono kuzolowera kudula kwa mpweya wabwino.

Thuja singano kutembenukira chikasu: chochita

Omwe alimi ambiri amadabwa chifukwa chake thuja limasanduka chikaso. Izi zimachitika pazifukwa zambiri. Zomwe zikuluzikulu ndi izi:

• njira zachilengedwe. Masamba a singano amwalira patatha zaka 3-5, chifukwa chake amasanduka achikasu ndikuwuma;
• kusintha kwa nyengo. M'nyengo yozizira, mitundu ina ya thuja imakhala ndi mtundu wamkuwa wagolide;
• dothi losankhidwa bwino. Ngati thuja ibzalidwe mumchenga, ndiye kuti imasowa chinyezi, yomwe imalowa pansi mwachangu, ndipo mmera umasanduka chikaso. Zosakwanira kumera kwa michere m'nthaka, koma madzi amatha kulowa mbanda ndipo mtengowo uvunda;
• zolakwika mukachoka: kuthirira kosakwanira, kubzala unakhuthala, kuyatsa kosakwanira, kusowa kwa phosphorous, nayitrogeni ndi chitsulo, kutentha pang'ono kwa mpweya;
• kupezeka kwa tizirombo: tizilombo tambiri, njenjete zam'madzi, njenjete zam'mapiri, nthata za akangaude, zina zotere. Maguluwa sasamala kudya gawo loyambira la arborvitae. Pankhondo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo;
• Matenda a mitengo, ofanana ndi mlombwa: Ma herbicides amathandizira mankhwalawa.

Chochita ndi chikasu thuja?

Kodi thuja

Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya thuja ku Russia ndi mitundu yotsatirayi ya thuja: kumadzulo, kokumbidwa, ndi geometric.

Mitundu ya Thuja

M'mabwalo am'chilimwe komanso m'mawu a mumzinda, mitundu yotsatirayi ya thuja imapezeka kwambiri:

• kumadzulo. Mwachilengedwe, imakula mpaka masentimita 20. Mtengowo umakhala ndi korona woboola pakati ndipo pomwepo pakapita nthawi imakhala yozungulira. Khungwa lofiirira pang'onopang'ono limatuluka ndipo limakhala pansi. Zingwe za mbewu 1.5 cm yayitali okhwima m'dzinja ndipo imayamba kugwa;
• kum'mawa. Dzinali limakhazikitsidwa ku mtengo, womwe kwenikweni si thuja. Ndilondola kwambiri kuzitcha kuti biota yakum'mawa. Zomera zimayamba pang'onopang'ono. M'malo ozizira, amasanduka ngati chitsamba;
• chimphona thuja mbadwa ku North America. Mwachilengedwe, kutalika kwake kumafikira mamita 60. Ku St. Petersburg kuli zoyerekeza zamtali wa 15. Komabe, chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta, nthawi zambiri amauma;
• Chijapani Dziko lakwawo ndi Japan. Pachikhalidwe chawo, mbewuyi ndi imodzi mwa mitengo isanu yopatulika ya Kiso. Analetsedwa ngakhale kudula. Mwachilengedwe, kutalika kwa mtunduwu kumafika 35 m;
• Korea thuja ndi chitsamba kapena mtengo wokhala ndi korona wotayirira. Amakhala ku Korea ndi China. Singano ali ndi fungo lamphamvu ndipo ali ndi mtundu wa siliva wonyezimira.

Mitundu yonse yamadzulo arborvitae patebulo:

Kuchokera pamenepo mutha kupanga hedeni kapena zokongola zokongola. Mulimonsemo, pogwiritsa ntchito ma secateurs, mutha kupereka ufulu woganiza ndikusintha kanyumba kachilimwe kukhala nthano yeniyeni.