Peking kabichi mpaka 70s ya zaka zapitazi inali yofala ku Asia. Tsopano, mutatha kubereka ma hybrids achilendo komanso opatsa zipatso, kulima kwake kumakhala kukukwera kosaneneka. Peking imakulidwa mwachangu, onse pamakampani ogulitsa komanso m'minda yamaluwa. Chomera chonyengazi chimakula bwino, mwachangu. Popeza mawonekedwe a chikhalidwe, mbewu ziwiri zitha kupezeka nthawi imodzi. Ndikofunikira kudziwa zinsinsi zazing'ono komanso zovuta zamasamba, ndikuzikumbukira mukabzala komanso kukula.
Zambiri za kabichi ya Beijing ndi njira zazikulu zofesera
Peking kabichi, ngati nthumwi zina za banja la kabichi, ndi chomera chachitali. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kwa zipatso (yakucha nthangala) chikhalidwe chimafunikira dzuwa lowonjezera kuposa maola 13. Kutalika kwake ngati maola 12 kapena kucheperapo, ndiye kuti mbewuyo singakhale yokhazikika pakubala, koma nthawi yomweyo kukula kwa masamba ndi thumba losunga mazira likhala likugwira ntchito.
Ngati ntchito yonse idachitika molingana ndi malamulo pakubala kabichi ya Beijing, ndiye kuti zokolola zidzakhala zoyambirira komanso zolemera.
Popeza kabichi ya Beijing idakulidwa masamba ndi mitu ya kabichi, mbali iyi ya chikhalidwe iyenera kukumbukiridwa posankha njira yokulira ndi kufesa. Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zokulira ku Beijing:
- ndi mbewu;
- mbande.
Tcherani khutu! Sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti mutagula mutu wa kabichi ya Beijing m'sitolo, simungangodya zokha, komanso kukulitsa mbewu yatsopano kuchokera pamenepo.
Mbewu, mbande ndi mapesi a kabichi zingabzalidwe ponsepo ndipo pobisalira. Tiyeni tiwone njira ndi malamulo onse pakufesa chikhalidwe, ndikulankhula za mawonekedwe ndi zabwino zawo.
Kodi Beijing kabichi amakonda nthaka yamtundu wanji?
Pokonzekera nthaka yolima masamba, munthu ayenera kuganizira zotsatirazi:
- ndale acidity. Chifukwa chake, pakukula kwanyumbayi, malowa amafunika kuti azikulamo, kuti awonjezere ufa wa dolomite kapena laimu wopopera;
- kupumula kwabwino ndi kukongoletsa;
- chonde. Mukamakonza dothi lililonse lalikulu. mita ndikofunikira kupanga chidebe cha humus. Mukangokubzala, phulusa la nkhuni limalimbikitsa.
Zofunika! Zomera zodyetsera chomera ziyenera kuyikidwa kaye musanabzike. Beijing kabichi imatha kudziunjikira nitrate, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito michere ya michere polimitsa sikulimbikitsidwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito humus kumapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino kwambiri pamalowo
Ngati tikulankhula za mtundu wa dothi, loam ndi yoyenera kwambiri pakukula kwa Peking. Mukamasankha tsamba, onetsetsani kuti mwatalikirana ndi nthaka yapansi panthaka. Ndi chinyezi chambiri, mizu ya mbewu imatha kuvunda. Kuphatikiza apo, dothi lomwe limayang'aniridwa ndi chinyezi lidzakhala lopanda kwambiri kapena lotentha, lomwe silabwino kwenikweni chifukwa cha mbewu.
Pakakulitsa mbande, dothi lotayirira limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Makonda atha kuperekedwa ku gawo la coconut, pomwe mbande zosankhidwa ndi za thanzi za Beijing zimamera. Ndikofunikira kusakaniza gawo lapansi ndi humus mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1. Pofuna kukonza phindu la zosakaniza ndi kutsika kwake, kapu ya phulusa imawonjezeredwa mumtsuko.
Kuphatikizika kwa gawo la coconut kumaphatikizanso zotsalira zouma ndi zowonongedwa za coconut, zomwe zimapatsa kusakanikirana kwa kufinya, kupumula, kumatha kukoka madzi
Tcherani khutu! Nthaka yabwino ikhoza kupezeka posakanikirana tamba ndi peat (1: 1). The osakaniza adzakhala zabwino ndi zopatsa thanzi.
Nthawi yayitali
Kuti mupeze amadyera abwino ndi mitu yabichi yaku China, mumafunika masana, ndiye kuti nthawi yabwino kubzala mbewu ndiyambiriro kwam'mawa (mwezi wachiwiri wa Epulo) komanso miyezi yomaliza yachilimwe. Kubzala mbewu pa nthawi yomwe ikunenedwa kudzathandiza kupewa vuto lalikulu - kuwombera kwa mbewu.
Peking kabichi ndi yam'mipingo yoyambirira kucha, komanso imakhala ndi mitundu yokhala ndi masiku oyambirira (masiku 40-55), yapakatikati (masiku 55-60) ndi mochedwa (masiku 60-80) yakucha. Posankha nthawi yobzala mbewu, ndikofunikira kuganizira mawonekedwe a mitundu yosankhidwa: mitundu yoyambirira imakonda kubzala masika, ndi mochedwa omwe amafesa nthawi yophukira.
Zothandiza! Mitundu yatsopano ya Chinese kabichi Dutch kusankha osagwirizana ndi kuwombera.
Kuti mukonzekere koyambirira, muyenera kusankha njira yolimitsa. Mbewu za mbande zibzalidwe masiku 25-30 isanakwane kubzala masiku osakhazikika kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndiye kuti, mkati mwa Machi kwa mitu yoyambirira ya kabichi kapena pambuyo pa Juni 15 yochita kukolola yophukira panthaka. Zotsatira zobzala mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha, kufesa mbewu za mbande zitha kukonzedwa ngakhale koyambirira - m'ma February, kuti theka lachigawo la March mbande zibzalidwe mu nthaka.
Pakulima kopanda mbewu, kufesa koyamba kumachitika mu nthaka yotentha bwino. Pa msewu wapakati, awa ndi kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambira kwa Meyi, ndipo kufesa kwachiwiri kwakonzedwa kuyambira Julayi 20 mpaka Ogasiti 10.
Kanema: pa nthawi yakubzala Beijing kabichi
Kukonzekera kwa mbewu
Mbeu za kabichi za peking sizifunikira chithandizo chapadera. Zitha kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo. Mukakhala kuti mulibe chitsimikizo cha mbeu, zitha kuyang'aniridwa kuti zimere. Kuti muchite izi, kufalitsa mbewu pakati pazigawo za minofu yothira, kupera ndi malo malo otentha. Ngati mbewu ndi yapamwamba, ndiye kuti pakatha masiku atatu mphukira zimayamba kuonekera. Mbeu zoterezo zibzalidwe pomwepo mumbale zokonzeka.
Tcherani khutu! Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kuchititsa matenda antifungal kupewa mbewu. Kuti tichite izi, zimasungidwa kwa mphindi 15 m'madzi otentha (+ 48-50 madigiri), kenako kwa mphindi 2 zimayikidwa m'madzi ozizira. Mbewu zotere zimayenera kupukutidwa musanadzalemo.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mbewu zomwe mwazipeza nokha, ziyenera kusanjidwa mosamala
Kubzala mbande
Mukamasankha njira yolima mmera, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kabichi ya Beijing sakonda kuziika, chifukwa chake, posankha makontena, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizikhala pamapoto a peat kapena makaseti. Chidebe ichi chingabzalidwe limodzi ndi chomera m'nthaka, kupewa kupewa kuwononga mizu, ndipo mbewuyo imakula mwachangu.
Ndondomeko yofesa mbendera
- Ma phukusi osankhidwa ndi odzala ndi dothi lokonzekera.
- Pakatikati, pangani chichepetso chaching'ono pomwe mbewu imodzi mpaka itatu imatsitsidwa.
- Mbewu zimakonkhedwa ndi zosakaniza dothi kuchokera ku 0,5 mpaka 1 cm.
Mumphika uliwonse wokhala ndi dothi labwino komanso lotayirira, mbeu 2-3 zotsekedwa
- Kutulutsa kuthirira.
- Miphika imayikidwa pamalo otentha, amdima. Pansi pa chikhalidwe cha mbewu zapamwamba, mbande zimatuluka mwachangu - m'masiku atatu.
- Zikamera zikamera, zotengera ziyenera kuyikidwa pamalo owala, ozizira (ofunda pafupifupi + 10 madigiri) m'nyumba.
Beijing kabichi mbande zofuna kuwala
- Kutsirira kumachitika ndi madzi okhazikika pamtunda wofunda ngati nthaka idula.
- Mukamwetsa madzi, nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa.
- Masamba enieni akangowonekera, mumphika uliwonse iwo amatulutsa (kutulutsa kuchokera pansi kungapangitse kuvulala kwa mizu ya mmera waukulu) zomera zofooka ndikusiya mmera wamphamvu umodzi.
Masamba enieni awiri atawonekera mumphika, chimodzi champhamvu kwambiri chatsalira, ena onse ayenera kubudula
Kubzala mbewu panthaka
Kubzala masika pang'onopang'ono m'nthaka kutha kuchitika kum'mwera. Pakati pakakhala nyengo yabwino, nyengo yabwino yofesa ibwera pofika Meyi, ndipo nthawi ino nyengo yamasamba idzagwa masana, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kupewa kuwombera kwa mbewu. Ngati ndi kotheka, njira yopanda mbande imakulirakidwa m'ming'oma yopapatiza ndikuyala nthangala m'njira izi:
- Ribbon-lowercase, yomwe imapereka mtunda wautali pakati pa matepi (pafupifupi 50 cm) ndi ochepera pakati pa mizere (pafupifupi 30 cm). Kubzala mbewu kumachitika kwambiri, chifukwa pambuyo pake kupatulira kudzachitika.
- Mwa kubzala magulu m'mabowo omwe amapangidwa motalikirana 25-30 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mbewu 2-3 zimatsitsidwa mchitsime chilichonse.
Asanafesere, tikulimbikitsidwa kusakaniza mbewu ya Beijing kabichi ndi mchenga, ndikufetsa nthaka m'nkhokwe
Mbeu zokhwima zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zisaikidwe mpaka 2 cm. Pambuyo pakugona, dothi la lokwiralo liyenera kupukutidwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Iyi ndi njira yabwino yotetezera mphukira zam'tsogolo kuchokera ku nthomba yopachika. Mphukira zimawonekera masiku 4-7 mutabzala.
Malingana ngati mapepala enieni a 1-2 akapangidwa pa iwo, kuwonda koyamba kumachitika. Mukamasankha njira yolumikizira nthiti, choyamba pakati pa mbewuzo imasiya pafupifupi 10 cm, ndipo ndikatsekedwa, kupendekera kwachiwiri kumachitika ndipo mbewu zimasiyidwa patali pafupifupi 25-30 cm kuchokera kwina. Mukabzala m'mabowo mutangooneka masamba enieni pachitsime chilichonse, mmera umodzi umasiyidwa, ndipo ena onsewo amawazula.
Mphukira zofunikira kuponyedwa tsamba lachiwiri litakula, ndikuchotsa zofooka m'gulululi
Kubzala mbande panthaka
Mbande za kabichi zokhazika zibzalidwe panthaka zaka zitatu zokha, pokhapokha ngati nthawi imeneyi mbande zikhala ndi masamba osachepera asanu. Asanabzala, mbande zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ziumitse. Pafupifupi sabata imodzi asanabzike, amayamba kuitulutsa mumtunda wabwino: choyamba, kwa maola angapo, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakadutsa masiku awiri asanabzalidwe, kuthirira mbande kumayimitsidwa ndipo mbewu zimangothiriridwa panthawi yokhazikitsidwa pansi.
Zitsime zakonzedwa kuti mbande zitalizirane 25-30 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, zophatikizidwa ndi humus ndi phulusa, wothira. Ngati ndi kotheka, mbande zimachotsedwa mosamala muchidebe chodzala ndikuyika mu bowo kuti masamba onse ali pamwamba pa nthaka.
Mbande za Beijing kabichi ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zosalimba, choncho ziyenera kubzalidwe mosamala
Pambuyo pozomera, ndikofunikira kubisa mbande ndi filimu kapena spanbond kuti:
- kuteteza mbande ku kutentha kochepa usiku;
- mthunzi wochokera ku dzuwa;
- tetezani mizu ku chinyezi chambiri nthawi yamvula;
- kuteteza mbande ku tizirombo.
Kusuntha mabedi ndi kanema kapena agrofibre kumapangitsa chitetezo chambiri kuti mbande zisawonongedwe komanso kuwonongeka kwa nyengo
Kanema: Kubzala mbande za Beijing kabichi poyera
Muli chodzala kabichi m'malo otetezedwa
Mtengo uzimva bwino mu wowonjezera kutentha ngati mutha kupanga kutentha kwake (osaposa +20 madigiri) ndi chinyezi (m'chigawo cha 70-80%). Njira yodzala mbewu kapena mbande za Peking mu wowonjezera kutentha sizimasiyana ndi njira yobzala mosabisa. Kusiyanitsa kokhako ndi masiku obwera, omwe tinakambirana pamwambapa.
Tcherani khutu! Kubzala kabichi ya Beijing m'malo otetezedwa kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza mbewu zamasamba milungu ingapo m'mbuyomu kuposa potseguka.
Vidiyo: Kubzala masamba a Beijing mu wowonjezera kutentha
Momwe mungabzale kabichi waku China
Kabichi yotseka imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri kwakuti imatha kusangalatsa mbewu kuchokera ku chitsa chake. Komanso, ukadaulo wopeza mbewu yotere ndiosavuta. Kudzala chitsa, muyenera kukonzekera:
- chidebe chozama chomwe pansi pa mutu wa Beijing kabichi chikakwanira;
- wathanzi, lotayirira nthaka. Itha kukhala osakanikirana ndi malo owombedwa ndi peat kapena mchenga wofanana;
- mphika wophikira, womwe kukula kwake ungapitirire pang'ono pansi pa mutu wa kabichi;
- phukusi lakuda;
- mpeni wakuthwa;
- mutu wa Beijing kabichi palokha.
Pakukula masamba ambiri obiriwira, pansi pake pamakhala mutu wowuma uliwonse wa kabichi ya Beijing
Tcherani khutu! Pasakhale zizindikilo za matenda pamutu wosankhidwa wa Beijing: mawanga, madontho, ndi zizindikilo zina za kuwonongeka kwamtsogolo.
Njira yofikira imakhala ndi izi:
- Gawani pansi pamunsi pa kabichi. Chodulacho chizikhala chotalika masentimita 6. Izi ndiye zoyambira zokulitsa amadyera komanso mitu yamtsogolo ya kabichi.
- Timadzaza thankiyo ndi madzi ndikuyika gawo lakumapeto kwake.
Pansi pa chitsa tiyenera kumizidwa m'madzi
- Timayika chotengera m'chipinda chozizira. Kutentha kwambiri kungalepheretse chitsa kukula. Malo abwino kwa iye ndi windowsill oyang'ana mbali yakumpoto kapena khonde lotsekeka, ngati ili ndi kutentha.
Pakangopita tsiku limodzi kapena awiri, mizu imayamba kumera pansi, kenako masamba obiriwira. Amatha kudula nthawi yomweyo ndikudya.
Zofunika! Chitsa chobzalidwa chimatulutsira muvi wa maluwa msanga Ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Mukalola kuti izi zikule, ndiye kuti amadyera amatha kukhala osakhala bwino komanso opanda pake.
Kuti mukule amadyera, chitsa chitha kutsalira mumtsuko wamadzi. Ngati mukufuna kukula mutu wa kabichi, ndiye kuti pansi ndi mizu yooneka ndikujambulidwa ndikuchotseredwa ndi dothi. Chitani izi mosamala, popeza mizu ya kabichi ya Beijing ndi yofatsa komanso yocheperako. Chifukwa chake, chitsa ndi mizu chimayikidwa kaye choyamba mu chidebe, ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi kuti mizu yokha ikhale yokutidwa ndi zosakaniza ndi dothi, ndipo mbali yonse ya chitsa ili pamwamba pa nthaka.
Pafupifupi sabata limodzi, patatha kuoneka mizu yokwanira, phesiyo itabzalidwe mu dothi losakanizidwa
Tcherani khutu! Mukakula mumphika, nthawi zambiri sizotheka kuchita bwino. Chiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi mutu chimaperekedwa poika chitsa pansi poyera.
Kwakanthawi, chomera chobzalidwa sichithirira madzi ndikuthirira chimayambiranso itayamba kupanga masamba obiriwira atsopano. Kupanda phesi kumatha kuchepetsa masana masana. Kuti muchite izi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kutseka chomera ndi chikwama chakuda kwa maola 12 mpaka 13 patsiku.
Zofunika! Kupereka maola ochepa masana ndikuwona kutentha kwa boma (osati kutalika kuposa +18 madigiri) patatha masiku 40-45, mutha kupeza mutu wa kabichi ya Beijing. Mwambiri sizingakhale zonenepa kwambiri, koma mwa kulemera zimatha kufikira 1 kg.
Mutha kubzala kabichi ku Beijing kuchokera ku chitsa ndi cholinga chotenga mbewu. Pachifukwa ichi, muvi wamaluwa womwe mbewu idzatulutsirepo sunadulidwe, koma nkuloledwa kukhwima. Pakapita kanthawi, zidzatha kutola mbewu ndikugwiritsa ntchito kubzala m'mundamo.
Mbewu zitha kuloledwa kuti zitheke kenako zibzalidwe panthaka kapena pobzala.
Kanema: Kukula kabichi waku China kuchokera pachitsa pawindo
Peking kabichi kuyenderana ndi mbewu zina zamunda
Olima dimba amadziwa kuti ndi kulima kosatha kapena kubwerera mwachangu kwa mbewu zam'munda kumalo akale, dothi limatha, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizirombo timadziunjikira. Chifukwa chake, mukadzala masamba onse, kuphatikiza ndi kabichi ya Beijing, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo otembenuza mbewu ndikuwaganizira zomwe zatsogolera zokolola. Kwa Beijing, ndi siderate, nyemba, mbewu, kaloti. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu pambuyo pamtanda wina uliwonse wophulika, beet ndi phwetekere.
Mukabzala Beijing kabichi, ndikofunikira kuti muziganizira kuyandikira kwa mbewu. Pafupi ndi masamba awa onse a saladi, anyezi, tchire la m'munda timamva bwino. Zabwino zonse ndizogwirizana kubzala kabichi ya Beijing ndi katsabola. Zotsalazo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosindikizira kubzala kabichi. Malinga ndi ndemanga, imasintha kukoma kwa kabichi.
Dill ndi mnansi wamkulu Beijing kabichi
Zothandiza! Zomera zophatikizana za Beijing kabichi ndi mbatata zimathandizanso pa zipatso komanso masamba.
Kuchititsa chidwi kwa kabichi ya Beijing ndikudziwikiratu: sizovuta kubzala ndikukula, imangiriza msanga ndipo imabala zipatso. Chifukwa chake sankhani mitundu, ndikulolani kabichi kukhala wambiri, ndipo kubzala komanso kulima ndizothandiza komanso zabwino!
