Ndi malo, zothandiza ndi changu, n'zosavuta kulera nkhumba kunyumba.
Komabe, ngakhale mutapanga chisankho chotero, choyamba muyenera kusamalira zomwe muyenera kudyetsa ziweto zanu. Pambuyo pake, ngakhale kuti nyamayi siidzatha kudyetsa chakudya, ngati mukufuna kupeza zotsatira zabwino, muyenera kudya bwino kwambiri.
M'nkhani yomwe ili pansiyi, tipenda mwatsatanetsatane zomwe chakudya chimaperekedwa kwa nkhumba, ndipo njira yothetsera mafuta imatha bwanji kupindulitsa kwambiri.
Tidzafotokozanso za kusiyana pakati pa zakudya za nkhumba, anthu akuluakulu ndi kubzala.
Zapadera za nkhumba zoyamwitsa: mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi
Kawirikawiri nkhumba zimadyetsedwa chakudya chakuda ndi yophika mizu masamba. Kawirikawiri, chakudya choterocho n'chovomerezeka kwa zinyama izi, koma simungathe kuukitsa mwachangu komanso mwachangu. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito matekinoloje osiyanasiyana a kudya kwambiri, zomwe zimaphatikizapo chakudya choyenera komanso mavitamini osiyanasiyana.
Pazochitika zonsezi, ndi bwino kuganizira zofunikira za thupi la nkhumba. Chowonadi n'chakuti ziwetozi zimakhala ndi mimba imodzi, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi, mosiyana ndi ng'ombe, zimapangitsa kuti chakudya chikhale chovuta kwambiri.
Pachifukwa ichi, chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira kapena chakudya choyenera ayenera kukhala kagawo kakang'ono ka nkhuku zonse, makamaka zimayenera kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chokwanira. Zomalizazi ndizosavuta komanso zimapangidwira bwino ndi nyama, ndipo zimakhudza momwe zidzakhalira kulemera kwake.
Kudyetsa kwa mtundu wanji kuti muthe kukonda, wofalitsa aliyense amasankha yekha, ngakhale pakhoza kukhala njira ziwiri zofunika:
- Kudyetsa kwachilengedwe, komwe kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito phala.
Pankhaniyi, amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya zonyansa, masamba, makamaka mbatata yophika, tirigu ndi udzu (udzu watsopano komanso wodula).
- Kudyetsa mwansangamsanga nkhumba, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tirigu yosweka. Kuti
Amawonjezera ufa wa pea, mkate, vitamini ndi mchere wambiri.
Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kupereka nyama madzi ochulukirapo, mwinamwake iwo amavutika kwambiri ndi kudzimbidwa, phindu la kulemera lidzatha.
Ambiri opanga nkhumba amakono amasankha njira yachiwiri, yomwe yatsimikiziridwa kukhala yowonjezera kwambiri komanso yothandiza.
Choyamba, simukuyenera kuphika nkhumba kangapo patsiku ndikupita nawo ku nkhokwe yosungidwa mu ndowa zazikulu.
Ntchito yanu yokha idzakhala ya asanathyole tirigu, sakanizani ndi zigawo zina zonse ndikuwatsanulira ndalama zomwe mukufunikira kuti muzipereka ziweto zanu.
Chachiwiri, pokhala ndi chakudya chotero, sipadzakhalanso zonunkhira mu chipinda, ndipo manyowa ali ndi mphamvu yowonongeka mu zigawo za organic, ndiko kuti, kukhala fetereza kwa zomera.
Inde, ndipo monga taonera kale, kudya kotereku kumapangitsa kuti nkhumba zing'onozing'ono zikule bwino, ndikupereka mwayi wophika nyama panthawi yochepa kwambiri. Choncho, ngati simukusowa nkhumba ngati wogulitsa, chotsatira cha kudyetsa zouma zowonjezera zimapindulitsa kwambiri m'zinthu zonse.
Kukambirana za mavitamini ovuta
Monga munthu, nkhumba zoyenera kukula zimafuna zakudya zonse, osati mavitamini. Tikuganiza kuti palibe amene angadabwe kumva kuti kusowa kwa vitamini m'thupi la nyama kungachepetse chitetezo cha mthupi, kuwonongeka kwa kukula kwa nyama, kubereka kwawo, komanso nthawi zambiri - imfa.
Koma musaganize kuti magwero a mavitamini angakhale othandiza kwambiri. Zikhoza kutengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zamakono, malo oyamba omwe ayenera kutengedwa chakudya chobiriwira. Iwo ali olemera mu carotene ndi magulu ofunika kwambiri ma vitamini.
Ngati chilimwe udzu ndi masamba ena angaperekedwe mwatsopano, ndiye kuti nyengo yozizira iyenera kukhala yokongola ngati silo. Ng'ombe imatha kuperekanso, koma imataya udzu wambiri.
Mtundu wabwino wa mavitamini oyenerera nkhumba ndi singano ndi nettle wouma.
Ndikofunika kuwonjezera ku zakudya ndi zofiira mitundu ya kaloti.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito bwino kwa thupi lonse ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya, mowa kapena yisiti cha mkate, zomwe zingathe kukhutiritsa thupi lonse kuti likhale ndi vitamini B. Chitsimikizo chamtengo wapatali cha mavitamini ndicho chonse cha mkaka, choncho kupereka mkaka watsopano ndikofunikira kwa achinyamata.
Nthawi yachisanu, pamene nyama zitha kugwiritsa ntchito matupi awo kuti zipirire kuzizira, Chakudya chiyenera kukhala cholemera komanso chamoyo. Choncho, mungagwiritse ntchito mavitamini apadera, kuphatikizapo mafuta a nsomba. Ndili pakati pa mavitamini a magulu a A ndi D.
Komanso, majekiti apadera a mavitamini A ndi B amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyama.
Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe zingawononge nkhumba komanso kuzidyetsa bwino?
Ambiri amaganiza kuti nkhumba zimakhala zochepa. Mbali ina, izi ndi zoona, komabe palinso ziwerengero zambiri zomwe zimayenera kuganiziridwa poyetsa zinyama izi:
- Mbewu ndi bwino kupereka nyama izi mu mawonekedwe apansi. Nkhumba zonse zidzadyanso, koma sizidzakumbidwa kwathunthu, monga momwe chinyama sichidzathera.
Zimapindulitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zapakati pazowona zachuma, popeza fomuyi idzakhala yochepa ndipo nyamayo idzakhala yodzaza.
- Ndi zakudya zamakono, mbatata ndiwo chakudya chachikulu cha nkhumba. Komabe, kuzipereka kwa zinyama monga choncho sizothandiza kuti zisakanike, chifukwa zingathe kuwavulaza.
Muzu umenewu uyenera kuphikidwa, utatha kuchapa. Komanso, madzi otsalira pambuyo pa mbatata sakuvomerezeka kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kudyetsa.
- Kukhazikitsa zamasamba mu mawonekedwe opangidwa ndizowoneka ngati vitamini wothirira pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, mbatata imodzi sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi bwino kusakaniza ndi beets, turnips. Ndipo zochuluka zogulitsa zoterezi zimaperekedwa kokha mu mawonekedwe welded.
Mitengo ya nkhumba yowonongeka ikuchitanso kanthu mopanda pake.. Makamaka muyenera kutchula silo, osati kulola kuti imange kapena kuvunda, nkhungu.
Zonsezi zingayambitse chitukuko cha mabakiteriya ndi matenda a tizilombo m'thupi, pali kuthekera kwa matenda kudzera mwa nyama ndi anthu.
Zakudya zomwe nthawi zonse ziyenera kuphatikizidwa mu zakudya za nkhumba
Pamene kudyetsa nkhumba ndikofunika kwambiri osati kusankha zokhazokha, komanso kuchuluka kwawo.
Ngati mupatsa ziweto zikuluzikulu - izi sizidzatengera kulemera kolemera, chakudya chidzatsalirabe.
Kwa chakudya chotsatira, zotsalazo zisagwiritsidwe ntchito, popeza chakudya chowonongeka sichidzapindulitsa chinyama. Kuti zogulitsa zisathenso, zotsalirazi zikhoza kudyetsedwa kwa abakha kapena turkeys, zakudya zotere zimatha kuyamwitsa nkhuku.
Ndikofunika kuwonjezera tirigu ku zakudya za nkhumba. Komabe, ngakhale kuti ali olemera muzakudya, alibe mapuloteni okwanira. Pankhani imeneyi, m'pofunikira kupanga zakudya zosiyana, kuonjezerapo masamba a nyemba, ndi yisiti ya chakudya, ndi mkaka wambiri.
Zothandiza nkhumba zidzakhala nyama ndi pfupa kapena chakudya cha nsomba, keke, mobwerezabwereza.
Kawirikawiri, pa zigawo zomwe zingathe kubweretsanso mankhwala a thupi, zikhoza kugawa m'magulu otsatirawa:
- Zopangira zomwe zimapereka thupi ndi mphamvu ya nyama. Amapezeka m'mbewu, chimanga ndi mafuta.
- Zili ndi mapuloteni ambiri a soya, rapeseed, ufa wa mpendadzuwa, nyama ndi fupa, fupa la magazi ndi chakudya cha nsomba, nandolo, mosiyana, lupini lokoma, nyemba, yisiti.
- Zakudya zabwino monga mbatata, kabichi, beets ndi zitsamba (silage). Komabe, mosasamala kanthu kothandiza kwawo, zimakhala zovuta kukumba, choncho, anthu oyenera kulandira chakudya ayenera kusamalidwa bwino.
- Zida zina. Mgulu ili ndi mwambo wophatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyalala za zakudya, zinyalala kuchokera ku makampani a abambo, zomera zogulitsa nyama.
Njira zodyetsera nkhumba ndi kusiyana pakati pawo
- Kudyetsa "zochuluka." Pankhaniyi, nkhumba zing'onozing'ono zimapatsidwa chakudya. Kupukutira kumatsukidwa kawiri pa sabata kuti zisawonongeke makasitomala odyetsa kuchokera ku zakudya zakale kuti asakumane nawo. Nkhumba zawo sizidya.
Ndondomeko yotereyi ndi yabwino kwa achinyamata, sizodandaula kuti tigwiritse ntchito kwa anthu akuluakulu.
- "Kudyetsa" kosadetsedwa. Pankhaniyi, nkhumba za chakudya zimapereka kangapo patsiku. Pa nthawi yomweyi, chakudya chiyenera kukhala chomwecho kuti zinyama zikhoze kutsuka chikhocho ngakhale maola awiri asanadye chakudya.
Kudyetsa kotereku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popatsa ana ndi nkhumba zomwe zikukula.
- "Ochepa" akudyetsa nkhumba. Chofunika cha kachitidwe kotere ndi kupereka nkhumbazo chakudya chochepa kusiyana ndi momwe angadye. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mungathe kupereka chakudya chochepa, kapena mukhoza kupereka chakudya chochepa, ndikupatsa chakudya cha nkhumba.
Ngati kudya kotereku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poperekera nkhumba, koma nyama yomwe imapezeka kwa iwo idzakhala yowonda. Komanso, mtundu uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa oyembekezera, kuti asapindule mafuta ambiri.
Kudyetsa madongosolo sizomwe mukuyenera kudziwa zokhudza nkhuku yodyetsa nkhumba. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe ziweto zimafunikira pa mibadwo yosiyana. Za izi pansipa.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenganso za mitundu ya nyama ya nkhumba.
Kudya kwa zaka zosiyana zaka nkhumba: zigawo ndi zowonjezera
Mbali yofunika kwambiri yodyetsa nkhumba siyi kusankha kokha zakudya zokha, komanso kusakaniza zakudya. Makamaka, ndi bwino kupereka chakudya kwa zinyama panthawi imodzimodzi, kusintha chiwerengero cha kulandira malinga ndi msinkhu wawo:
- Ofesa oyembekezera amadyetsedwa kamodzi patsiku. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi kofunika kuwonjezera zakudya zopweteka ku zakudya zawo.
- Osakwatira ndi osamwitsa amafesedwa kawirikawiri, kawiri patsiku.
- Nkhumba zimene zinachotsedwa ku nkhumba ziyenera kudyetsedwa katatu patsiku. Nthawi zambiri amadyetsa nkhumbazi zomwe zikukula komanso kunenepa.
Nkhumba zowonongeka zimapatsidwa chakudya nthawi zonse, ndipo chakudya chokwanira chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwachitatu.
Ng'ombe za nkhumba ndi chakudya chawo
Kuphunzitsa nkhumba zazing'onoting'ono kudyetsa kale kuyambira tsiku lachisanu, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mano awo ayamba kudulidwa.
Koposa zonse, mazinyo a mano ndi matenda osakanizika amayamba akamagwiritsa ntchito nandolo, tirigu, chimanga, kapena balere.
Komabe, iwo akhoza kukhala ndi matenda a m'mimba kuchokera ku chakudya, kotero musaiwale kupereka iwo acidophilus mkaka wowawasa.
Zophatikizana zimadyetsedwa ndi mapepala apadera a piglets pang'onopang'ono amawonjezeredwa ku chakudya, kapena choko, fupa chakudya ndi malasha amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pa tsiku la 10, iwo amaloledwa kupereka karoti kakang'ono, kenakake ikhoza kudula.
Pakapita nthawi, amaloledwa kuphatikizapo beet pang'ono, dzungu ndi kuphatikiza pamodzi, koma pang'ono. Pakatha msinkhu wa milungu itatu, nkhumba zidzatha kuzidya ndi kuphika.
Chotsani chiberekero cha nkhumba ndikofunikira kwa miyezi 1.5. Panthawiyi, amafunika kuphunzira momwe angadye mokwanira, mochepetsera kuvomereza kwa amayi awo.
Ndiponso Bzalani zofunikira kutembenuza mu chakudya choumaIzi zidzatha kutha kwa lactation. Pafupifupi kangati kudyetsa nkhumba, timayankhula kale. Ndipo mu zakudya ayenera kuphatikiza izi zotsatirazi:
- Zosakaniza zazing'ono.
- Mkaka (makamaka mwazidzidzidzi).
- Yowutsa mudothi komanso olimbitsa chakudya - karoti, udzu, silage.
- Mineral substances.
Kodi mungadyetse bwanji gilts?
Kudyetsa, kapena kuti kukula, kwa gilts ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti nthawi iyi, iwo amangopanga mafupa akulu, komanso minofu ya minofu, yomwe pambuyo pake inakhala maziko a kuchotsa mafuta.
M'nyengo ya chilimwe, zimakhala zosavuta kuti azizidyetsa m'malo odyetserako ziweto, kuzidyetsa ndi udzu, komanso kuwonjezera ku zakudya kanyumba kakang'ono konyumba ndipo vitamini imayang'ana.
Mukhoza kuwadyetsa ndi zofanana ndi msuzi: Kutentha mazira awiri musanayambe kudyetsa udzu wothira mbatata yophika. Pa nthawiyi, nkhumba ziyenera kupindula kuchokera pa 20 mpaka 50 kilograms.
Momwe nkhumba zimadulidwira kupha: zigawo zazikulu za zakudya zofunika
Nkhumba zikafika polemera makilogalamu 50, zimatha kudyetsedwa bwino, kuti zitha kupindula ndi kulemera kwa thupi, komanso mafuta. Zimatenga miyezi itatu ndipo panthawiyi nkhumba ziyenera kudyetsedwa kudya monga momwe zingathere zakudya zowonjezera. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti zakudya zosiyanasiyana zimakhudza ubwino wa nyama m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
- Ngati mumapereka nsomba - nyama ikukoka nsomba.
- Kwa nkhumba za nguruwe, ndikofunika kupereka mkaka, zomwe zimapatsa nyama fungo lokoma.
- Zosakaniza ndi zosakoma nkhumba zidzakhala pamene nyama zimapatsa mbatata zambiri, chimanga cha tirigu, chimanga ndi buckwheat.
- Mbewu zimapanga mafuta flabby.
- Tsabola ndi keke zimachepetsa ubwino wa nkhumba.
Kudyetsa anthu akuluakulu - nkhumba ndi kubzala
Nkhumba imakula mwamsanga kwambiri, kotero chakudya chimene amachifuna mosavuta. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa 75 peresenti ya chakudya chamagazi kuchokera kuzinthu. Zina 10 peresenti ya zakudya ziyenera kukhala zowonjezereka zomwe zimachokera ku zinyama, ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana zokoma.
Mitundu imakhala yofunikira kwambiri kuti chiweto chikhale chodziwika bwino, kotero kuti chakudya chawo chonse chiyenera kukhala osachepera 5%.
Tirigu, tirigu wa barley, oats, beets, kaloti ndi mkaka wokometsetsa ndiwo mankhwala omwe boar amafunika kupereka. Pofuna kuti chakudya chonse chikhale chokwanira, musaiwale za mavitamini owonjezera.
Ndalama yaikulu podyetsa zofesedwa m'nthawi ya chiberekero ziyenera kuchitidwa pamtundu wapamwamba komanso zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Izi zikhoza kukhala udzu wobiriwira ndi silage, ndi mbewu zosiyana siyana.
Kwa zosiyanasiyana zosiyana, mineral zowonjezeretsa, zitsamba ndi nyama ndi fupa chakudya.
Ndikofunika kuti nkhumba ikhale ndi vuto la calcium, chifukwa m'tsogolomu idzafunikabe kunyamula anawo. Choncho, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi choko wamba kapena zakudya zamagazi.
Komanso, sikuvomerezeka kuti m'miyezi yoyamba ya kugonana, kudyetsa kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, chifukwa izi zingayambitse imfa ya mluza. Kudyetsa kwa theka lachiberekero kuyenera kukhala ndi chakudya chochepa chowonjezera. Chiwerengero cha chakudya m'masiku atatu apitawo asanafike farrowing chiyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi 30-40%.
