Eonium ikuwoneka ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa, osasangalatsa. Ikuwoneka ngati nyerere yabisika yonyamula maulendo achilendo kuposa woyimira pakati pa maluwa. Masamba achilendo amtundu uliwonse amasonkhana mumiyendo yozungulira pazitali zazitali. Mtengowo ndi wa banja la Crassulaceae ndipo limakhala ku Mediterranean, komanso ku Peninsula ya Arabia ndi ku Ethiopia. Sikovuta kusamalira Eonium kunyumba, ndichifukwa chake olima maluwa amayambira mosangalala chomera chodabwitsa ichi.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Eonium ndi mbewu yokhala nthawi yayitali, Umu ndi momwe dzina lake limapangidwira. Kutalika kwa tchire kumatha kukhala masentimita 5 mpaka 60. Pakatikati, mphukira zazitali, pamakhala masamba ake okhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 60. Chaka chilichonse, masamba atsopano amawonjezerapo. Zikatero, masamba am'munsi amapita pang'onopang'ono ndipo tsinde limakulitsidwa. Chomera chimakhala ndi nthangala ya chinangwa. Komanso mizu yojambulidwa mlengalenga imapangidwa m'malo ophatikizika ndi masamba mpaka tsinde.
Monga zokometsera zilizonse, aeonium imasiyanitsidwa ndi gawo lamiyala. Masamba a Sedentary ali ndi mawonekedwe a rhomboid kapena chowulungika. Zoyambira zawo ndizochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi m'mphepete. Khungu la tsamba lamasamba limakhala lofiirira, losalala kapena pang'ono. Zimalepheretsa kuvuluka kwa chinyontho. Mitengo imatha kujambulidwa muzithunzi zonse zobiriwira, komanso zofiira, zofiirira kapena zofiirira.
Pamapeto pa mphukira, munthu wowongoka wokhala ndi matupi ozungulira ndi nthambi zamaluwa. Pyramidal inflorescence wopakidwa utoto wowala kapena wachinki. Nthawi zina inflorescence imangofanana ndi mtengo wawung'ono wamtundu wachilendo, womwe umapezeka pakatikati pa mbale yodabwitsa. Eonium ndi chomera chowoneka monocarpic. Ndiye kuti, maluwa atafa, amamwalira. Masamba okhala ndi mphukira zingapo amatha kupulumuka mwa kupukusa mphukira yokha yomwe yatuluka.
Mbewu zipsa m'mabokosi ang'onoang'ono ambewu. Mbewu zambiri zazing'ono zamtundu wa bulauni zimagawika ndi magawo.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yotchuka
Mu mtundu wa Eonium, pali mitundu pafupifupi 70 ndi mitundu yokongoletsera. Ambiri aiwo ndi oyenera kukula pakhomo. Chochitika chilichonse ndi chosiyana kwambiri ndi zakale, zomwe zitha kuwoneka pa chithunzi cha Eonium. Zosiyanasiyana zotere sizimalola kusankha mtundu umodzi wokha, komanso kupanga zonse.
Eonium ali ngati mtengo. Chitsamba chokhala ndi nthambi chotalika chofika mita 1. Mitengo yamphamvu yokhala ndi mtanda wozungulira imakutidwa ndi khungwa loyera. Pamwamba pake pamakhala korona wozungulira wazipatso za masamba osalala a obovate. Mtundu wa maluwa wotchedwa pyramidal inflorescence wokhala ndi maluwa owala achikasu kuchokera pakati pa maluwa.
Eonium idagawika. Izi zosasinthika kosatha zikufanana ndi mbale yayikulu. Pa phesi lalifupi lolingana ndi nthaka, pamakhala dambo laminyewa lokwanira masentimita 50. Masamba ang'onoang'ono amtundu wolimba amalumikizana bwino osasiya mipata. Kukula kotsika, kotayirira kumafikira 30 cm.
Eonium Virginia. Mitundu ilibe tsinde, ndipo masamba amtundu amapezeka padziko lapansi. Masamba akulu komanso athyathyathya opangidwa ndi diamondi okhala ndi maziko a pinki komanso m'mphepete mwa wavy ali osiyana kwambiri. Mzere wautali (mpaka 1 mita) wokutidwa ndi maluwa achikasu, pamwamba pake chimaterera pang'ono pazokha.
Eonium Schwarzkopf. Pazitali zazitali zofiirira zimakhala zikuluzikulu zazikulu zamaluwa akuda. Masamba ofiira omwe ali ndi maziko obiriwira amakula mpaka m'mphepete.
Eonium ndi ulemu. Pachidule pake pali masamba akuluakulu owoneka bwino. Amapaka utoto wonyezimira wowoneka bwino komanso osalala. Chovala chachitali chachitali chimakutidwa ndi maluwa achikasu okhala ndi fungo labwino.
Eonium Burchard. Mitundu yoyandikana bwino imakhala ndi zobiriwira zakuda zobiriwira. Amavala chisoti chachifumu chokhala ndi duwa lotalika pafupifupi masentimita 10. Pansi pa pepalalo papakidwa utoto wonyezimira wowoneka bwino, ndipo m'mphepete mwake umasinthidwa kukhala lalanje-lalanje.
Njira zolerera
Kubwezeretsanso kwa Eonium kumachitika ndi mbewu ndi njira zamasamba. Mbewu zofesedwa pamchenga wonyowa komanso peat nthaka ndikufundidwa ndi filimu. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi kumayambiriro kwa masika. Kupititsa patsogolo kumera, mbewu yobiriwira imasungidwa pa kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Mphukira zimawonekera mkati mwa masiku 10-14. Mbewu zachikale zimasokedwa mosamala mumiphika wopanda madzi.
Kukula eonium yatsopano kuchokera ku tsamba kapena masamba odulidwa ndikosavuta kwambiri. Masamba amalekanitsidwa ndi tsinde kapena pamwamba amaduliratu. Tsinde liyenera kudulidwa ndi tsamba lakuthwa pakona pa 45 °. Mizu imachitika mu dothi lamchenga kapena lamchenga. Kwezani mmera ndi 1.5-3 masentimita, kutengera kukula kwake. Nthaka iyenera kuphatikizidwa pang'onopang'ono pang'ono. Mizu yoyamba imawoneka mwachangu ngakhale yopanda kutentha. Panthawi yakukula, ndikofunikira kuti mbande zizikhala m'chipinda chowala bwino.
Sankhani malo
Mukasankha malo oyenera a eonium, chisamaliro kunyumba kwake sichikhala chosaoneka.
Kuwala Chaka chonse, duwa limafunikira kuwala kosiyanasiyana. Popanda iwo, zimayambira zimakulitsidwa ndikuwonekera, ndipo masamba ndi ang'ono. Ngati kuchepa kwa kuwala kwachilengedwe, nyali ya fluorescent iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. M'masiku otentha a chilimwe ndibwino kuti muzitulutsa masamba ofewa kuchokera kumadzulo.
Kutentha M'chilimwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kusunga Eonium pa + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Mukatentha kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mudzafunika kuti mulowetse chipindacho kapena mupeze duwa kumsewu. Akhoza kukhala komweko mpaka nyengo yozizira itayamba. Pambuyo pa izi, ndikofunikira kupereka nyengo yozizira yozizira m'nyumba kutentha kwa + 10 ... + 12 ° C. Kuzizira m'munsimu + 5 ° C kumapangitsa masamba kuti amasuke ndi kugwa.
Chinyezi. Ma Eoniums samadwala mpweya wouma, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chowonjezera chinyezi chake. Kuti muyeretse masamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chinkhupule kapena kusambitsa duwa osamba. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti madontho a madzi samasunthika pachidutswa cha masamba.
Kulima ndi chisamaliro
Kuthirira. Eonium sikutanthauza kuthirira pafupipafupi. Komanso, imatha kuvutika ndi chinyezi chambiri. Pakati pa ulimi wothirira, dothi limayenera kupukutiratu. Ngakhale masiku otentha, amakhala osungunuka kamodzi pa sabata. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikokwanira kuthirira duwa kamodzi pamwezi. Ndikofunika kuti madziwo asagwere masamba kapena kudziunjikira kumamphukira. Zowonjezera kuchokera poto ziyeneranso kutsanulidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Feteleza. Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe ndikofunikira kudyetsa aonium ndi maofesi apadera a maulendala. Ngati feteleza wachilengedwe chonse alipo, amatengedwa pakati. Njira yothetsera vutoli imagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka kawiri pamwezi. Mukugwa, kuvala pamwamba kumayima kwathunthu.
Thirani Zaka 2-3 zilizonse, ndikofunikira kupatsira Eonium. Zomera zazikulu zimangobwezera pamwamba pamtunda. Mukasinthira, muyenera kupenda mosamala ma rhizome ndikuchotsa madera omwe awonongeka ndi zowola.
Mphika uyenera kukhala wokulirapo komanso wokhazikika. Pansi pake pamapangidwa zinthu zokumba. Dothi liyenera kukhala ndi izi:
- peat;
- pepala lapansi;
- mchenga;
- dziko la turf;
- zidutswa zamakala.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Eonium ali ndi vuto loopsa. Tizilombo timeneti timabisala pansi pamasamba mkati mwa kutulutsa. Mutha kupukuta mphukira ndi nsalu yothira mumadzi sopo kapena mowa, koma mankhwala ophera tizilombo (Confidor, Actara) amawonetsa bwino.
Chomera chimakonda kuvunda, chomwe chimayamba kusamalidwa bwino. Mankhwala othandizira ndi fung fung nthawi 1-2 pachaka amaloledwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito eonium
Eonium nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa nyumba. M'madera otentha, pomwe nthawi yozizira kutentha sikutsika pansi + 5, C, aeoniums amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zokongoletsera zamaluwa ndi minda.
Chofunikira china chomera ndi mankhwala ake. Chifukwa cha izi, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mchiritsi kapena wochita maopaleshoni. Masamba am'maso ndi msuzi wofinyidwa mwa iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kulimbana ndi kutupa, zilonda zam'mimba, herpes, ziphuphu. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhala ndi ma antiseptics omwe amathandiza kuthana ndi mabakiteriya oyipa. Njira zochokera ku madzi a eonium zimapulumutsanso pakuwotcha, kupweteka komanso kuthetsa kuyimitsidwa kwa tizirombo.
