Cypress ndi chomera chobiriwira kuchokera kubanja la Cypress. Kutengera mitundu, ikhoza kuyimiriridwa ndi zitsamba kapena mitengo yokhala ndi piramidi kapena korona wofalitsa. Ngakhale nthambi zimakutidwa ndi singano, mbewuzi ndi zokupizira matendawa. Dziko lakwawo ndilam'malo otentha a Mediterranean, Crimea, Caucasus, Himalayas, China, California, Lebanon, Syria. Kukongola kwamaluwa ndi kununkhira kodabwitsa kumakopa alimi ambiri. Zachidziwikire, ma epypress amaoneka bwino, koma si aliyense ali ndi mwayi wakukula, koma mtengo wochepa pamalopo ngakhale mumphika umapezeka ndi pafupifupi aliyense.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Kunja, cypress ndi mtengo osatha 18-25 m kutalika kapena shrub (1.5-2 mita kutalika). Maonekedwe a korona wake ndi osiyanasiyana. Cypress chimakula mwachangu zaka zoyambirira, kenako ndimangowonjezera malingaliro chabe. Chiyembekezo chamoyo wake ndikutalika. Pali zoyerekeza zaka 2000 zapitazo. Mitengo yamiyendo imakhala yowongoka kapena yopindika. Amakutidwa ndi khungwa loonda. Pa mphukira zazing'ono, zimakhala zofiirira, koma kwa zaka zimapeza mawonekedwe a bulauni komanso mawonekedwe opindika.
Nthambi zokhala ndi mbali yozungulira kapena ya quadrangular imakutidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono. Ali aang'ono, amasiyira kumbuyo, kenako kupanikizidwa mwamphamvu mpaka mphukira. Pang'onopang'ono, masamba ngati awl amakhala osalimba. Kunja, mutha kuwona bwino poyambira (mafuta otulutsa mafuta). Nthawi zina zimasiyana osati pakupumula kokha, komanso pakusiyanitsa kakhalidwe. Kutalika kwa mbale yabuluu yobiriwira ndi 2 mm.
Cypress ndi wa olimbitsa thupi. Amisili aamuna ndi aakazi (oyenda) amapezeka pa aliyense. Ziwalo zachimuna (ma microstrobils) zimawoneka ngati ndodo yaying'ono yokhala ndi tsamba lotulutsa spore (sporophyll). Pafupifupi pali chinthu chobala chachikazi - megastrobil.
Pambuyo pollination (mu kugwa kwa chaka chamawa), ozungulira kapena ovoid cones ndi wandiweyani scaly padziko zipse. Amamera pafupi ndi nthambi pamtengo wowala. Pansi pamiyeso yamitengo pali mbewu zingapo zitakanikizidwa. Amakhala osalala ndipo ali ndi mapiko. Mluza ukhoza kukhala ndi 2 cotyledons.
Mitundu yaypress
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwapadera kwa mitengo yazipini, asayansi sangathe kubwera pagululi. Mitundu imakhala ndi mitundu 14-25 yazomera. Palinso mitundu ingapo yamitundu ingapo ndi mitundu yopangidwira zokongoletsera.
Kupopa kwa Arizona. Mtengo wosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu wokhala ndi chisoti chofalikira umakula 21 m kutalika. Khungwa lofiirira lomwe limakhala pang'onopang'ono limayamba kutuluka. Nthambi zazing'ono zophimbidwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira ndi m'mphepete.
Cypress ndiwosakhazikika. Chomera chosagwirizana ndi kuzizira komanso chosagwiritsa ntchito chilala chokhala ngati mtengo mpaka 30 m kutalika chimakhala ndi korona. Amakhala ndi kukwera nthambi zolimbilidwa mwamphamvu ku mtengo. Nthawi yomweyo, thunthu la thunthu silikhala lalikulu masentimita 60. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakutidwa ndi masamba abwino amtundu wakuda wobiriwira. Zingwe zowongoka zili ndi taupe. Kucha, timabatani timeneti ndi mbewu 20 zimapezeka mkati.
Cypress chachikulu. Wokhala ku California amakula kutalika ndi mita 20. Zimatenga mawonekedwe a mtengo wokhala ndi thunthu lopindika. Chitsa cha mtengo wachichepere chimakhala chowongoka, koma pang'onopang'ono nthambi zake zimakhota ngati chosema kapena chithunzi chachikulu cha bonsai. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Goldcrest Wilma - chitsamba chobiriwira kapena mtengo mpaka 2 m kutalika wokutidwa ndi singano wowala;
- Variegata - singano pa achinyamata mphukira zokhala ndi madontho oyera;
- Cripps - achichepere ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi nthambi.
Njira zolerera
Cypress chofalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi kudula. Mbewu zongofesedwa kumene zimafesedwa mchaka chokha. Kuti muchite izi, zipatso zotseguka zimagawanitsa ndikumasulira zomwe zibzala. Imasanjika mufiriji kwa miyezi 3-4. Kenako amizidwa kwa maola 12 m'madzi ofunda ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zokula ndi kubzala mumiphika ing'onoing'ono kapena m'bokosi lomwe lili ndi mtunda wa 4 cm. Pofesa, amagwiritsa ntchito dothi losakanikirana ndi conifers. Maluso okhala ndi kuwala kozungulira. Chifukwa chake kuwunika kwamphamvu sikudzawagwera. Kutentha kuyenera kukhala pakati pa + 18 ... + 21 ° C. Pamwamba panthaka ndimakathira mafuta. Ndi kutalika kwa mbande za 5-6 masentimita amathira pansi. Khosi lozika limakulitsidwa mpaka pamtundu wapitalo. M'chaka choyamba, kuchulukitsa kudzakhala 20-25 cm.
Kwa odulidwa ntchito theka-lignified apical mphukira. Ndikofunikira kuti ali ndi chidendene (gawo la khunguli la thunthu). Masamba am'munsi amachotsedwa, ndipo kagawo kamathandizidwa ndi phulusa. Kenako amuthira mu Kornevin. Zidula zimayikidwa mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika. Nyowetsani dothi bwino ndikuphimba mbewuzo ndi chipewa choyera. Pakatha masiku awiri aliwonse, pogona chimachotsedwa ndikuchotseredwa ndi condensate. Mizu imatenga miyezi 1.5-2.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira pakhomo
Ngakhale mitundu yayikulu ya cypress ndiyoyenera kulima m'nyumba. Chinsinsi chonse ndikukula pang'onopang'ono. Zimatenga zaka makumi angapo mitengo isanathe kulowa mnyumbamo. Mpweya wa chimacho ndi wovuta kumva, kotero kumuika kumachitika pokhapokha pofunikira, ndikusungidwa kwa dongo. Mphika uyenera kukhala wokwanira bwino komanso wosasunthika. Dothi limapangidwa ndi:
- dothi louma;
- peat;
- pepala;
- mchenga.
Pansi, zonyowa zakuthengo kuchokera kumakungwa ophwanyika, shards zadongo kapena njerwa zosweka zimayikidwa.
Kuwala Cypress chimafunikira kuwala kwa tsiku lalitali komanso chowala koma chowala. Pa masiku otentha, chitetezo ndichodzaza dzuwa ndizofunikira. Muyenera kuyambiranso kuchipinda kapena kutulutsa chomera panja. M'nyengo yozizira, kuunikira kowonjezera kungafunike.
Kutentha Ngakhale kuti cypress imakhala kumwera, ndizovuta kuti ilekerere kutentha pamwamba + 25 ° C. Zima nyengo yozizira izikhala yozizira kwambiri (+ 10 ... + 12 ° C). M'chipinda pafupi ndi zida zamagetsi, nthambi zimayamba kuyanika.
Chinyezi. Zomera zimafunikira chinyezi chachikulu, chifukwa chake zimapopera nthawi zonse kapena kuyikidwa pafupi ndi kasupe wamadzi. Popanda izi, singano zimatha kuwuma ndikuuma, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chitsamba sichitha kukongola.
Kuthirira. Madzi osefukira padziko lapansi saloledwa, chifukwa chake, kuthilira madzi a gypre koma osati ochuluka. Nthaka imayenera kupukuta pamwamba pomwe. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha pang'ono, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa.
Feteleza M'mwezi wa Meyi-Ogasiti, cypress yamkati imamizidwa ndi yankho la mchere wa mchere mwezi uliwonse. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumapitilira nthawi yozizira, koma muzichita masabata onse a 6-8. Komanso, kusintha mawonekedwe, mutha kuwonjezera "Epin" pachikuto chothira mafuta.
Kulima kwakunja
Mitundu ya cypress yolimbana ndi chisanu itha kubzalidwa ngakhale pakati pa Russia, osatchula madera otentha. Asanafike, malowo ayenera kukonzedwa. Kuti izi zitheke, dothi limakumbidwa ndi tinthuti, peat, mchenga ndi dothi la pepala. Amakumba dzenje lakuzama kwambiri kuposa ma rhizomes kuti athe kuthira pansi dothi la pansi mpaka pansi. Choyamba, muyenera kuphunzira za mitundu yosankhidwa kuti mudziwe mtunda pakati pa mbewu. Iyenera kukhala yayikulupo kuposa kupingasa kwa korona kuti mbewu zisasokoneze komanso kuti zisadetsane.
Kuyambika bwino kumachitika mchaka, kusungira dothi. Zoyimira zazing'ono zimakhazikitsidwa. M'tsogolo, amatha kuchotsedwa. Kuti mupeze chomera chabwino m'mundamo, muyenera kusankha malo abwino.
Nthaka singathe kuuma, kotero kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zambiri. Kutembenuka, chinyezi kumadzaza mlengalenga, chofunikanso. Pakalibe mvula, palibe chidebe chidebe chamadzi chomwe chimatsanulidwa sabata iliyonse pansi pa mtengo. Pa tsiku lotentha, kuthirira kumachitika kawiri kawiri. Korona amatsanulidwa nthawi zonse.
Kubzala mbewu zazing'ono kumachitika kawiri pamwezi, kuyambira Epulo mpaka Sepemba. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito yankho la superphosphate kapena mullein. Kuyambira kuyambira zaka 4-5 za moyo, kuvala pamwamba kumachepetsedwa. Amapangidwa kamodzi kokha pachaka, kasupe ndi yophukira.
Kupatsa tchire mawonekedwe, iwo amakusemedwa nthawi zonse. Mu March, nthambi zouma ndi youma zimachotsedwa. Kangapo pamnyengo gwiritsani tsitsi lowumba. Osapitilira 30% ya mphukira amachotsedwa nthawi. Mosamala, muyenera kudulira mbewuyo mu kugwa, chifukwa zimatha kukhudzidwa kwambiri nthawi yozizira. Koma kumetedwa kwa tsitsi komwe kumachitika mu kugwa kumalimbikitsa maonekedwe a machitidwe ofananira nawo ndi kukula kwa korona. Izi ndizabwino.
M'nyengo yozizira, mitundu yosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu iyenera kuphimbidwa, ngakhale ena mwa iwo amatha kupilira chisanu chochepa mpaka -20 ° C. Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, isanayambe chisanu, ma cypress amadzaza ndi chinyezi. Kutsirira kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, zitsamba ndi mitengo yotsika imakutidwa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu, ndipo nthaka yomwe mizu yake imakutidwa ndi masamba agwa. Nthawi zambiri, chipale chofewa chimagwira ngati chowongoletsa kutentha, komanso chimakhala ndi zoopsa. Zovala zazisanu ndi chipale chofewa zimatha kuthyola nthambi, motero zimayenera kupwanyidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Zomera zazitali za piramidi zimamangidwa ndi twine kenako zimakonzedwa.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Cypress chimakhala ndi chitetezo chathupi chabwino. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, samadwala konse. Ngati dothi limasefukira pafupipafupi, muzu mutha kukhazikika. Kuti athane ndi izi, chithandizo cha fungicide chimachitika, makina azolimo amasinthidwa ndipo korona wa Epin amafafizidwa.
Mwa tizirombo, nkhanu ndi akangaude nthawi zambiri zimawonekera. Kupewetsa kumatenda kupewetsa pafupipafupi komanso kupukutira mpweya. Zomera zikakhazikika kale, mbewuyo imathandizidwa ndi Actellic.
Ngati nthambi ziuma pa cypress, izi zikuwonetsa kuwala kosakwanira komanso chinyezi. Vuto lomwelo limatha kubuka mwadzidzidzi kutentha. Kuti mbewuyo isapweteke, simuyenera kuikonzanso kawiri kawiri kuchokera pamalo kupita kumalo. Kulimbitsa cypress, Zircon yaying'ono imawonjezeredwa ndi madzi kuthirira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa cypress
Masamba a evergreen ndi mitengo yokhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala popanga mawonekedwe. Amapanga ma euse kapena mipanda. Zomera zodziwika bwino pakati pa udzu zimawoneka zokongola chimodzimodzi. Mitundu ya zokwawa ndi yoyenera kukongoletsa miyala ndi miyala yamiyala. Mitengo yapa Khrisimasi yamkati imadzaza chipindacho ndi fungo labwino ndikusintha kukongoletsa.
Mafuta onunkhira amapezeka kuchokera ku singano za mitundu ina. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu a aromatherapy komanso pazamankhwala, monga antiseptic, antispasmodic, tonic ndi antirheumatic agent.
Fungo la cypress limasowetsa njenjete ndi tizilombo tina zovulaza. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timatha kudula ndikuyala m'nyumba. Resin chomera ndichabwino kwambiri ndipo chimadziwika ndi fungicidal katundu. Ngakhale ku Egypt wakale, anali kuwagwiritsa ntchito pokonza. Matabwa opepuka komanso olimba amayamikiridwanso. Zojambula ndi zopangidwa ndi cypress zimagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
