Mitundu yamtengo wapatali yamatcheri ku Lyubskaya yomwe ikukula msanga komanso yodziwika bwino imadziwika kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo imatchuka. Ngakhale kukoma kwa wowawasa kwa zipatso zofiira komanso kuthyolana ndi matenda ena, chikhalidwe cha zipatso zamwala ichi chimapezeka pafupifupi pachimake chilichonse, popeza Lyubskaya ali ndi zabwino zambiri.
Mbiri Yachidule ndi Kufotokozera kwa Cherubskaya Cherries
Zipatso za mitundu ya ku Lyubskaya zidamera paminda ya zipatso komanso m'minda ya zipatso kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1800. Kutchulidwa koyamba kumeneku kumachokera mu 1892. Paulendo wake waku Korochansky m'chigawo cha Kursk, wasayansi wamaluwa Kichunov Nikolai Ivanovich, akuyesa minda ya Korochansky yomwe inali yotchuka nthawi imeneyo, kuphatikizapo chitumbuwa cha Lyubskaya.
Mu 1947, mitunduyi idalembedwa mu State Record of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation. Lyubskaya ikhoza kukhala yakukula kumpoto chakumadzulo, Central, Central Black Earth, North Caucasus, Middle Volga ndi Lower Volga.
Mtengo wodabwitsawu umangofika pamtunda wa 2-2,5 m, womwe ndi umodzi mwabwino: ndikothekera kukolola. Korona wa Crohn - mainchesi akuluakulu opitilira kutalika. Nthambi zochokera pachitsa zimamera pakatikati pa 45 °. Khungwa losweka.
Masamba a zipatso za Lyubskaya amakula kuposa 2-2,5 m
Lyubskaya Cherry ndifulumira: zokolola zoyambirira zitha kuyembekezeka kale mchaka cha 2-3. Pofika chaka chachisanu, chimafika pa 5-6 kg, mutakula msanga, mutha kupitilira 25 kg. Nthawi zina, mbewu yoposa 50 kg idadziwika. Nthawi yogwira zipatso ndi zaka 15-20.
Zipatso zimacha mochedwa - kumapeto kwa Julayi komanso mu Ogasiti, koma mogwirizana. Pambuyo pakucha, amatha kupachikidwa pamtengo kwa milungu itatu popanda kutaya mtundu, m'malo mwake, kuthira madzi ambiri ndikuwonjezera shuga. Kukula kwa zipatsozo ndi kwapakatikati - 4-5 g, utoto wake ndi wakuda, khungu limakhala losalala, lonyowa, loonda, koma lolimba. Mafupa ndi ochepa, akulemera 6-8% mwa kulemera kwa zipatsozo, amasiyanitsidwa mosavuta. Kununkhaku ndi wowawasa, komanso wokoma komanso wowawasa m'matcheri akukula moyandikira kumwera.
Zipatso za Lyubskaya zosiyanasiyana - ofiira akuda, okhala ndi khungu losalala
Mitundu yodziyimira yokha iyi imabala zipatso popanda ma pollin zina. Koma kuchuluka kwa thumba losunga mazira, ndipo potero zokolola, zimachuluka kwambiri ngati yamatcheri amtundu wamitundu iyi atakula pafupi:
- Anadolskaya
- Kharitonovskaya
- Fertile Michurina,
- Shpanka woyambirira
- Vladimirskaya
- Zhukovskaya.
Ubwino ndi zoyipa zosiyanasiyana
Zabwino zamtunduwu (kupatula zomwe zatchulidwa kale):
- kunyansidwa;
- kukhwima koyambirira;
- kucha kwaubwenzi;
- mayendedwe a zipatso;
- kulekanitsidwa kosavuta kwa mafupa ndi kukula kwake kochepa;
- kuvuta kukolola - mitunduyo ndi yabwino kwa minda ya mafakitale;
- kuthekera kogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaki a kutchera mitengo.
Zoyipa zake ndi monga:
- kulawa wowawasa, kuchepetsa kumwa kwatsopano;
- chiwopsezo cha moniliosis ndi cocecycosis.
Kubzala Cherry Lubsky
Kubzala mmera wa Cherubskaya chitumbuwa sikovuta.
Nthawi yayitali
Zibzalidwe zingabzalidwe m'dzinja kapena masika:
- kubzala masika ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa mbewuyo imapulumuka bwino komanso kuthekera kwa kuzizira sikuphatikizidwa. Kubzala ndikofunikira masamba asanatsegule;
- Kubzala masamba ndikothekanso, koma ndibwino kupewa kuzipewa, chifukwa palibe chitsimikizo kuti mmera suzizira. Ngati pazifukwa zina muyenera kumugwetsera kugwa, zizikhala kumapeto kwa Okutobala - kuyambira kwa Novembala.
Kusankha ndi kuteteza mbande
Sapling (saplings) imagulidwa bwino kwambiri mu kugwa, ngakhale mutabzala ikukonzekera masika. Pankhaniyi, pofika nthawi yobzala, mumakhala ndi chitsimikizo chodzala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri, nthawi yophukira, masamba asanatseguke, sizotheka nthawi zonse kugula mmera woyenera.
Ndikwabwino kugula mbande za chitumbuwa mu kugwa, ndikudzala kasupe
Mmera uyenera kukhala chaka chimodzi kapena kupitirira zaka ziwiri. Akuluakulu amakula kwambiri ndikukula bwino, simuyenera kuyembekeza kuti adzatuta. Mmera wazaka chimodzi amakhala ndi kutalika kwa 70-80 masentimita, wazaka ziwiri - 100-110 cm. Makungwa ayenera kukhala a bulauni pakhungu popanda mawonekedwe obiriwira, mizu imafotokozedwa bwino.
Ngati munagula mmera mu kugwa, ndipo mudzabzala mu kasupe, ndiye, kuti mupulumutse, muyenera:
- Kumbani ngalande yokhala ndi mulifupi ndi kuya 30-30 cm ndi kutalika pafupifupi mita.
- Ikani mmera mu ngalawo mozungulira kuti korona wakeyo ukhale pamwamba pa nthaka.
Mukayika mmera wamatchire mu ngalawo, korona wake ayenera kukhala pamwamba pa nthaka
- Phimbani mizu ndi thunthu ndi dothi, ndikuphimba nduwira bwino kuchokera pakuzizira ndi makoswe.
Chifukwa chake, mmera umasungidwa bwino mpaka mutabzala.
Kukonza dzenje
Cherubskaya Cherry amakonda ma dothi opepuka, otakidwa bwino. Imakula bwino m'malo otsetsereka (8-10 °), makamaka kumadzulo kapena kumpoto chakumadzulo. Amamva bwino m'malo otsetsereka kuposa kum'mwera. Malowa akhale opanda mpweya wokwanira, osasefukira. Simungathe kudzala m'malo otsika, m'mphepete. M'mabwalo a gulu, mtunda pakati pa mizere ndi 3 m, pakati pamitengo mu mzere - 2,5-3 m.
Kutsegula malo ndikofunika kukonzekera kugwa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera:
- Kumbani mabowo akuya masentimita 40-60 ndi mainchesi (60) a 60-70 cm.
- Thirani gawo lalikulu lachonde mu dzenjelo, ndikuwonjezera kuti makilogalamu 10 a humus, lita imodzi ya phulusa, 150-200 g ya superphosphate ndi kusakaniza.
Humus - feteleza wachilengedwe yemwe amalemeretsa nthaka ndi zinthu zonse zofunika
Kubzala yamatcheri pamasitepe
Njira yofikira ili ndi magawo angapo:
- Mulu umapangidwa mu dzenje.
- Mmera umayikidwamo, mizu imakhala yowongoka ndikukutidwa ndi mabwinja a dziko lapansi. Khosi la mizu likhalabe patali masentimita 5 pamwamba pa nthaka.
Mukabzala mmera wamatchire, onetsetsani mizu, khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala 3-5 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka
- Khomalo limayendetsedwa pafupi ndi chomeracho.
- Dziko lapansi lili ndi zodzala bwino, ndikuthira ndowa zitatu zamadzi.
- Chingwe cha thunthu ndi chokhazikika ndi humus 3-4 cm.
- Nthambi zonse zimafupikitsidwa ndi gawo limodzi, kuphatikizapo kondakitala wapakati (thunthu).
Njira yodzala mbande za chitumbuwa ndi yofanana ndi zipatso zina zamwala
Chisamaliro
Kusamalira Lyubka (monga momwe Lyubskaya amadziwika kuti) sikubweretsa mavuto ambiri, omwe amafotokozera kutchuka kwake kwakukulu. M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, palibe chifukwa chokwanira kukumana: pali chakudya chokwanira chomwe chimayambitsidwa nthawi yobzala. Zimangokhala kuthirira katatu pachaka.
Kuthirira
Madeti:
- pamaso maluwa;
- Popanga mazira;
- mutakolola;
- kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira kuti "akhazikitsenso" ndi chinyezi nthawi yachisanu.
Mulingo wothirira ndi 20-30 malita pa lalikulu mita ya thunthu. Mukathirira, muyenera kumasula pansi ndi mulch kubzala.
Siyenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi yakupsa, chifukwa amatha kuphulika.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Mavalidwe apamwamba adzafunika kuyambira chaka chachiwiri. Chapakatikati, kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Epulo zimayambitsa (10 makilogalamu a humus kapena 1 lita imodzi ya zitosi zakumwa zinasungunuka 10 malita a madzi). Ngati palibe chinthu chachilengedwe, mutha kuwonjezera 30 g ya ammonium nitrate, mutatha kusungunula mu 10 l madzi. Mavalidwe apamwamba a Foliar okhala ndi yankho la urea la 0% ndi othandiza.
Ngati dothi lothiriridwa ndi acidic, ufa wa laimu uyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi ammonium nitrate pamlingo wa 1: 1
Kachiwiri nthawi ino, yamatcheri amafunika kudyetsedwa mukakolola. Pakadali pano, feteleza wa nayitrogeni samathandiza. Ndikofunika kuthira manyowa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa (1 lita imodzi ya malita 10 a madzi) kapena yankho la supuni ziwiri za potaziyamu mankhwala ena atatu ndi supuni zitatu za superphosphate mu 10 malita a madzi. Chifukwa chakuti superphosphate ndi yovuta kusungunula m'madzi ozizira, ndibwino kuti musakanikize ndi madzi ochepa otentha kenako ndikuwonjezera mu yankho lalikulu.
Kupanga kwa korona ndi kudula
Korona uyenera kupangidwa mwanjira yoti mtengowo umakula m'lifupi (izi zimathandizira kukolola), ndipo tsinde lomwe limakhala lalitali masentimita 35-45. Nthambi za chikopa ziyenera kusiyidwa mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa za 7-10 pamtunda wa masentimita 10-15, nthambi zazitali kuposa theka la mita - kudula mbali yanthambi.
Kudulira kumachitika chaka chilichonse mchaka - isanayambike kuyamwa - kapena mu Okutobala. Choyamba, nthambi zouma komanso zodwala zimadulidwa. Kenako chisoti chachifumucho chimadulidwa, ndikuchotsa nthambi zamkati. Ndiponso ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu odula. Ndikosatheka kudula zophuka pachaka, popeza mazira amapanga.
Tizilombo: momwe tingamenyere
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pali matenda ndi tizirombo tosiyanasiyana pamtunduwu. Ganizirani za njira zopewera komanso kupewa.
Cherry Elephant (Weevil)
Tizilomboti tili tambiri tating'ono 5 mm mm. Masamba ofunda kumtunda kwa dothi, pomwe kutentha kumayamba. Amadya masamba, masamba, masamba, maluwa, mazira. Ngati simukulimbana nawo, itha kuwononga mbewu yonse.
Cherry weevil ikhoza kuwononga mbewu yonse ya chitumbuwa
Njira yodziwika yodzitchinjiriza ndikumapeto kwa yophukira kwa mitengo ikuluikulu ya masamba akuya mpaka masentimita 10 ndi (kapena) kukumba koyambirira kwamasika. Ndi bwinonso kuyika zotchinga zochotsa mabowo popukutira khungwa lakale, lopukutidwa.
Kumayambiriro kwam'mawa, kutentha kwa m'mawa kusanadutse 5-10 ° C, mutha kungogwedeza kachilomboka pa nsalu kapena filimu. Muzovuta kwambiri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo (mwachitsanzo, ma metaphos), kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo a wopanga.
Cherry Wawona Wodula
Tizilombo tosavutikachi timagawilidwa kwambiri m'malo osakhala chernozem.
Mabuu hibernate pansi pamtunda woonda (masentimita 2-3), kumadzala mu June. Tizilombo tating'ono tating'ono (5-6 mm) tomwe timapiko tina tomwe timatuluka mu Julayi. Yaikazi imayikira mazira pansi pa tsamba, pomwe mphutsi zimatuluka pambuyo pa masabata 1-2. Amadyanso zamkati zamasamba, kusiya masamba ake. Masamba amasanduka achikasu, owuma komanso wowuma. Ndi chotupa chachikulu, mtengo ungafooke.
Mphutsi zautchire wotumphukirazo zimatafuna zamkati mwa tsamba, kusiya masamba
Mu Seputembala, mphutsi zimanyamuka nthawi yozizira.
Kukumba ndi kumasula dothi lakumtunda, monga momwe zimachitira ndi chitumbuwa chamchere, kumachepetsa kwambiri tizirombo.
Munthawi ya kutulutsa mphutsi, mbewu zimagwiridwa ndi imodzi mwanjira zotsatirazi:
- kulowetsedwa kwa fodya kapena shag;
- kulowetsedwa kwa chowawa;
- 0,7% yankho la phulusa la koloko;
- 10-30% yankho la malathion.
Matenda a Cherubskaya Cherry
Yamatcheri a Lyubskaya amathanso kukhudzidwa ndi moniliosis ndi cococycosis. Muzochitika zapamwamba, izi zimatsogolera ku kufa kwa masamba, maluwa, nkhuni.
Cherry moniliosis, kapena zipatso zowola, zayamba kufalikira m'madera ambiri ofunda
Kupewa kwa panthawi yake kumakhala kotsimikizika kuti kumathandizira matenda. Zili choncho pamene kupewa nkosavuta kuposa kuchiritsa. Pazolinga zopewera, yophukira (mutakolola) ndi masika (masamba asanatseguke) amathiridwa ndi madzi a Bordeaux.
Ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zikuwoneka, mitengo imathandizidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi fungicides (njira yolimbana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus). Tsopano kukonzekera bwino kwachilengedwe kwachilengedwe kwapangidwa.
Kuchita kwadongosolo kumatanthauza kuti mankhwalawo, pofika pamwamba pa chomeracho, amasinthidwa kupita kwina kuchokera mkati.
Pakatha maola 2-4, mvula sitha kutsuka mankhwala, imachitika kwa masabata awiri. Mankhwalawa ndi osavulaza anthu, ena amatha kulandira chithandizo kwa masiku 5-7 asanakolole (Quadris, Horus, etc.).
Masamba ndi nthambi zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi bowa ziyenera kuchotsedwa pamalowa kapena kuwotchedwa.
Kodi timatani ndi mbewu
Zipatso za Lyubka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokonzanso. Popeza fupa limalekanitsidwa mosavuta, ndipo zamkati molimba limagwira mawonekedwe ake osatulutsa madzi, chitumbuwa ichi chimapezeka bwino:
- kupanikizana;
- chitumbuwa mu msuzi wake;
- zipatso zotsekemera;
- kupanikizana, kupanikizana;
- ma compotes, juwisi;
- mabatani a ma dumplings, ma pie, ma pie.
Vinyo wamkulu wokhotakhota ndi chitumbuwa ndi wotchuka kwambiri. Madera akumwera, komwe kuli dzuwa lochulukirapo, zipatso zake zimakoma ndipo zimatha kudyedwa zatsopano.
Ndemanga ya chitumbuwa Lyubskaya
Chilimwe chisanafike, ndidagula mmera wamatchire wokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka, mitundu ya Lyubskaya. Anabzala, kasupe sindinakonde malo omwe amakhala, ndidawolokerana ndi dothi lokwera kupita kumalo kwatsopano. Chitumbuwa changa chamaluwa chimakhala ngati chamisala, masamba sanali kuwoneka, zokolola zimakondweretsanso. Chaka chino chithunzi chomwecho. Mtengo wopitilira mita, koma zokolola, zikuwoneka, zisangalatsa chaka chino. :) Kukhumudwitsidwa chaka chatha kukula kwa zipatso, tiwone zomwe zimachitika pamenepa.
Lenka//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/showthread.php?t=1752
Mwachidule, titha kudziwa kuti mitundu yamchere ya Lyubskaya ili ndi zabwino zambiri kuposa zovuta. Kubzala komanso kukula ndikupezeka ngakhale kwa oyamba kumene komanso anthu otanganidwa. Pobzala mitengo ingapo pamalo anu, patatha zaka zochepa mutha kupatsa banja lanu zokolola zabwino komanso zopatsa thanzi nthawi yozizira popanda ntchito yambiri.
