Nyemba Zakuda: Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ndi Tekinoloje ya Zachikhalidwe

Nyemba ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe anthu akhala akudziwa kwanthawi yayitali komanso bwino. Ku South ndi Central America, yayimitsidwa kwa zaka zoposa 7,000. Abereka adabzala mitundu yambiri ndi ma hybrids omwe nthawi zina amawoneka osazolowereka, mpaka kuti aliyense sangaganize zoyeserera. Mwachitsanzo, pali nyemba zakuda, pomwe nyemba ndi tirigu zimapakidwa utoto wakuda kwambiri. Amakhala amtengo wapatali chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zopatsa thanzi komanso kukula kwakukulu. Simungathe kutcha chikhalidwecho kukhala chosasangalatsa pakuchoka, koma simudzasowa chozizwitsa chilichonse kuchokera kwa wosamalira mundawo. Ndikofunikira kuphunzira pasadakhale "zofunika" zake kumera omwe akukula.

Kodi nyemba zakuda zimawoneka bwanji komanso zaumoyo

Nyemba ndi chomera chamadzi pachaka chochokera ku banja lankhondo. Dziko lakwawo ndi South ndi Central America. Chikhalidwe chabwera ku Europe posachedwa, m'zaka za zana la 17, ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali chidakula chokha monga chomera chokongoletsera maluwa.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya nyemba. Ena amawoneka achilendo kwambiri. Ndikosavuta kuganiza kuti zoterezi zimatha kudyedwa. Mwachitsanzo, nyemba zakuda. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe ake ali ndi mawonekedwe ake ayi. Nyemba zimathanso kukumbidwa m'malo akuda kapena akuda. Alimi omwe alibe luso kwambiri nthawi zambiri amawatengera iwo ku uve kapena zizindikiro za kugonjetsedwa kwa matenda aliwonse.

Peel ya nyemba imatha kupakidwa zakuda

Pakadali pano, nyemba zakuda sizokoma kokha, komanso zaumoyo kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, ndimtundu wabwino kwambiri komanso wopatsa mphamvu (314 kcal pa 100 g). Nyemba zokhala ndi mapuloteni ndi njira yabwino yosinthira ndi nyama ngati mumatsatira zakudya zamasamba. Zopatsa mphamvu za calorie, panjira, zimatha kuchepetsedwa pafupipafupi katatu pakupanga kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma mapindu ake amachepera.

Nyemba zakuda zimatha kukhala chitsamba chotalika pafupifupi 0,5 m, ndi mpesa, mpaka 3-5 m kutalika. Tsinde limakutidwa ndi villi yochepa yotere. Mizu imapangidwa, muzu waukulu umalowa mu dothi osachepera mita. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe amitima, okhala ndi nsonga yanoola lakuthwa, yokonzedwa mosiyana, petioles ndi yayitali. M'mbali mwake ndi yosalala, kumtunda kwa pepalalo kunakulungika.

Mawonekedwe a nyemba zakuda zimasiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu

Maluwa oyera kapena ofiirira amatengedwa mu inflorescence mwa zidutswa za 2-6 ndipo amapezeka mu axils zamasamba. Mwanjira, ndizotikumbutsa za njenjete. Kutulutsa nyemba zakuda kumachitika kumapeto kwa June kapena Julayi; mbewu zimacha mu Ogasiti-Sepemba.

Nyemba zotulutsa zimawoneka zokongola kwambiri, palinso mitundu yapadera yokongoletsera

Zipatso ndizopindika nyemba zazitali, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zopindika. Mukudutsa, ali ozungulira, ozungulira kapena pafupifupi lathyathyathya. Colours nthawi zambiri amapezeka wobiriwira, wachikaso, wofiirira. Mbewuzo ndizazikulu, zolemera pafupifupi 0,55 g. Zimapangidwa kapangidwe kake kapena impso. Amatha kukhala amodzi kapena ophatikizidwa, owoneka bwino, okongola, komanso mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mitsempha pamwala.

Zipatso zak Nyemba zakuda zimatha kupakidwa utoto wosiyanasiyana.

Mbewuzo ndi zosalala, zonyezimira, ngati kuti zimakutidwa ndi silika. Kukula kwake kumadalira kwambiri nyengo yolima. Poyenera kapena pafupi ndi kachulukidwe kameneka, mbewuzo zimacha zazikulu kuposa mitundu ina ya nyemba. Thupi limakhala lonenepa, koma limakhala yofewa kwambiri, ngati kuti mafuta pang'ono. Mphesa zimakoma kutsekemera, ndikumakhudza nyama kapena utsi wambiri.

Mbewu za nyemba zakuda zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa kwambiri, omwe amadziwika mosavuta ndi ma gourmet

Nyemba zakuda ndi gawo limodzi la zakudya za ku Latin America. Makonda kwambiri ku Mexico ndi Brazil. Mbewu zimaphatikizidwa ndi sopo, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbale yophikira nyama ndi nsomba, zokha kapena palimodzi ndi masamba ena, zimakonza zodzaza kuphika, ma passe. Zimaphatikizidwa bwino kwambiri ndi anyezi, adyo ndi oregano. Koma palinso zosankha zina. Ku Cuba, iyi ndi imodzi mwazofunikira popanga saladi wa zipatso. Ndipo ku Guatemala, nyemba zakuda zakuda zimayatsidwa ndi chokoleti chakuda.

Nyemba zakuda zimayenda bwino ndi masamba ambiri

Palibe chifukwa choti nyemba zakuda zimadyedwa popanda kukonzekera. Chomera ichi, monga ngati chinkhupule, chimatenga michere ya padziko lapansi, kuphatikiza mchere wamchere. Kuledzera kwakukulu sikungatheke, komanso zotsatira zoyipa. Asanakhazikike, kuphika kapena kudyetsa nyemba, ayenera kuzikhatira m'madzi ozizira kwa maola 8-10, kenako ndikuwuphika.

Sikuti aliyense ayesere kuyesa msuzi wakuda

Mwasayansi kutsimikizira kuti nyemba zakuda - chimodzi mwazinthu zothandiza kwambiri zachilengedwe. Ili ndiye gwero la amino acid, kuphatikiza zofunika (lysine, glutamine, arginine). Popanda iwo, kagayidwe kabwinobwino sikotheka. Ndizofunikanso kupewa khansa. Zomwe zimapangidwazo zimaphatikizapo mavitamini a magulu B, A, E, K. Mwa kufufuza zinthu, kupezeka kwa magnesium, potaziyamu, calcium, zinki, mkuwa, selenium, chitsulo, phosphorous tingaone.

Pankhani ya potaziyamu, nyemba zakuda ndizotsogola kuposa mitundu yake yonse. Izi zimafunikira kuti thupi likhalebe lamchere lamchere. Mphesa zimaphatikizidwa makamaka muzakudya ngati mumakonda edema.

Ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya fiber, yomwe imathandizira kugaya nyama "zolemera" mbale zam nyama. Ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazakudya, nyemba zakuda zimasinthasintha mawonekedwe am'mimba, ndipo zimathandizira kuchotsa kudzimbidwa.

Ndikofunikira kuphatikiza muzakudya za akazi. Mavitamini a B ndi "oyenera" paubwana ndi kukongola, kukonza kamvekedwe ka khungu, mawonekedwe, makongoletsedwe ang'ono, ndikuyika mano, tsitsi ndi misomali. Nthawi yomweyo, mkhalidwe wamanjenje umasinthasintha - mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya thupi ndi ubongo zimayenda bwino, mavuto atulo amawonongeka, kumverera kwa kupsinjika kwakanthawi kumatha, kuchitika kwa nkhawa zopanda pake, kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi.

Nyemba zakuda ndizothandiza kwa omwe akufuna kuyeretsa thupi. Amachotsa poizoni ndi poizoni, amawononga ma cholesterol pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi ndipo amasunganso miyala ya impso komanso chikhodzodzo.

Mtundu wakuda wa nyemba ndi tirigu umasinthira nyemba zakuda kukhala zophatikizika. Ngati mukudziwa kuti muli ndi chizolowezi chotere, nthawi yoyamba muyenera kuyesera malonda mosamala pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Pali contraindication ena - kuchuluka acidity wa chapamimba madzi, matenda am`mimba gawo pachimake siteji, mavuto aliwonse ndi mafupa (rheumatism, gout, nyamakazi, arthrosis), nephritis ndi pyelonephritis.

Mankhwala wowerengeka, sikuti amangogwiritsa ntchito njere zakuda zokha, komanso ma pod ake. A decoction a iwo amalimbikitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga, ngati pakufunika kuchepetsa magazi. Ndipo ndi anti-kutupa komanso okodzetsa.

Mankhwala azikhalidwe, sikuti amangogwiritsa ntchito tirigu wakuda kokha, komanso mbali zina za mbewu

Nyemba zakuda ndi chikhalidwe cha thermophilic. Kutentha kwabwino kwa kakulidwe kabwino kazomera ndi kucha kwa mbeu ndi 24-28ºº. Osachepera ovuta ndi 2-4ºС. Chikhalidwe sichitha kupirira ngakhale kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa. Ali ndi chinthu chimodzi: nyemba - chomera cha masiku ochepa. Masana masana ayenera kupitilira maola 12. Koma izi sizogwirizana. Kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikofunikira kuti kukolola zochuluka kwa nyemba zakuda.

Kwa alimi, chikhalidwe ndi chinthu chinanso chosatsutsika. Uwu ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa nyemba womwe suvutika ndi vuto la mbeu nyemba. Pazifukwa zina zosadziwika, tizilombo timangokaniza kuyikira mazira pa mbewu ndi nyemba zakuda.

Nyemba kernel (tizilombo chowopsa kwambiri pachikhalidwe) chimadutsa mitundu ndi mbali zakuda

Kanema: Zopindulitsa Zaumoyo Wakuda

Mitundu yotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa

Pali mitundu yambiri ya nyemba zakuda. Zimachitika onse katsitsumzukwa, ndi mbewu. Mitundu yochokera pagawo loyamba, mbewu ndi nyemba zimatha kudyedwa, yachiwiri - mbewu zokha.

• Opal wakuda. Zosiyanasiyana kuchokera m'gulu la kucha koyambirira. Bushy chomera cha sing'anga kutalika. Masamba si akulu, pamwamba pamakhala khwinya. Maluwa ndi lilac. Nyemba ndi zozungulira, zazitali, zopindika pang'ono, zobiriwira za saladi. Ulusi wa ma coarse komanso wosanjikiza "sakhalako." Mbewuzo ndizopanda pake, zakuda, zokhala ndi mitsempha yowoneka bwino. Kulemera kwakukulu kuli pafupifupi 0.55 g. Zokolola sizabwino, koma osati zapadera - 1.9 kg / m². Lawani zabwino. Ngakhale State Record of the Russian Federation kalasi imalimbikitsa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kuphika.
• Mauritania Mitundu yakucha-sing'anga, yomwe idabadwa kalekale - idalowa State Record kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Kuyambira pomwe mbande zimayamba kukolola zimatenga masiku 55-58. Nyemba zochokera m'gulu la curly, kutalika kwa mpesa kuli pafupifupi mamita 3. Masamba ndi ochepa, maluwa ndi oyera mbu. Nyemba ndi zazifupi (12 cm), yopyapyala (0.7 cm), yozungulira. Kulemera kwambiri kwa mbewu zamafuta owola ndi 0.28-0.3 g. Amapakidwa utoto pafupifupi wonyezimira, wokhala ndi mitsempha yosawoneka bwino. Zosiyanasiyana ndizachilengedwe - ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, kumalongeza, kuzizira. Zabwino sizoyipa - 2.2-2.3 kg / m². Wamaluwa ndiwofunika chifukwa chokana kukana kutentha pang'ono komanso nthawi yayitali yopanga zipatso.
• Impso. Gulu la nyemba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe mkati mwake mumakhala yakuda. Mitundu yonseyi imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa impso ndi fungo labwino pambuyo pa kutentha, kutikumbutsa kununkhira kwa mikate yophika kumene. Nyemba ndizambiri, kulemera kwa tirigu wamba ndi 1.5 g. Mnofu ndi wokunenepa, wopindika pang'onopang'ono. Mtengowo ndi wamtchire, wotsika. Nyemba ndi zobiriwira zowala bwino ndipo zimachita maluwa.
• Octave Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera kuzizira, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika. Chitsamba cholimba bwino, chofika masentimita 40 kutalika. Maluwa ndi ang'ono, otuwa lilac. Nyemba ndi za chikasu kapena chikaso chagolide, kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita 17, m'lifupi - 1.4 masentimita. Ndi owongoka kapena owongoka. Mbewuzo ndi zazikulu, zakuda bwino, zolemera 0,94 g. Zokolola ndizambiri - 2.7-2.8 kg / m². Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi "immune" chitetezo chokwanira ku bacteriosis ndi anthracnose.
• Protva. Zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku gulu loyambirira. Kachitsamba kakang'ono kamakula mpaka 35 cm. Nyemba ndi zobiriwira, za 14,5 cm kutalika ndi 0.85 cm mulitali, elliptical pamtanda. Zikuwoneka bwino motsutsana ndi masamba a masamba obiriwira. Maluwa ndi ofiirira. Zokolola ziyenera kusungidwa pafupipafupi - nyemba zosachedwa kupola. Mbewu zakuda zimakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri. Kulemera kwapakati - 0.52-0.54 g. Zosiyanasiyana zimalekerera kuzizira komanso chilala chachitali, sizimakhudzidwa ndi bacteriosis, anthracnosis, virus virus. Zochulukitsa zapakati pake ndi 1.1-1.7 kg / m².
• Preto. Chimodzi mwa mitundu ya nyemba zakuda padziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, imalimidwa ku United States ndi China. Wodziwika ndi ambiri maudindo, otchuka kwambiri mwa iwo ndi "kamba wakuda." Mtengowo ndi wamtchire, wotsika. Mbewu yokhala ndi khungu lakuda lonyezimira komanso thovu loyera, mkati mwa mnofu wowonda. "Chip" cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi fungo labwino la mabulosi. Masewera amwano amatha kuzindikira kukoma - kutsekemera, ndi kuwawa kwapafupi komwe kumapereka piquancy. Kulemera kwa tirigu wamba ndi 0,5-0,55 g. Mtundu wosazolowereka utatha kutentha umasungidwa, chilondacho chimadetsanso.
• Ryabushka. Zosiyanasiyana ndizakatundu koyambirira. Tchire ndi lalitali, osati lopindika. Masamba ndi akulu, atakwinya. Maluwa ndi lilac, ochepa. Nyemba ndimtambo wachikaso wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiira. Saliitali kwambiri, koma kutalika, osanja. Palibe "zikopa" zosanjikiza. Kulembetsa boma kumalimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito kuphika. Mbewu zakuda, pafupifupi kulemera - 0,67 g. Zokolola ndizambiri - 3.5 kg / m².
• Makutu. Mitundu yakucha yakucha. Zabwino kuzizira. Nyemba zokhotakhota, kutalika kwa tsinde kumafika mamita 1.5 Masamba ndi ofanana kakulidwe, maluwa ndi ofiirira. Nyemba zobiriwira, zopindika pang'ono, zazitali. M'magawo, mtanda umafanana ndi mtima. Kulemera kwa tirigu wamba ndi 0,65 g. Kubereka ndi 2.3 kg / m².
• Maiden. Mitundu yoyambira-mmawa, imodzi mwazinthu zaposachedwa kwambiri zomwe abwana aku Russia adachita. Mtengowo ndi wamtchire, m'malo wamtali. Masamba ndi akulu, kukula kwa makwinya ndikosiyana. Nyemba ndi zachikaso, kutalika, kutalika kokwanira. Mbewuzo ndizopanda muyeso, mulingo wapakatikati, kulemera kwa 0.85 g. Zokolola - 2.6-2.9 kg / m².
• Tatyana. Shrub zosiyanasiyana oyambirira yakucha. Chimodzi mwazinthu zosankha zapamwamba. Zomera ndizabwino. Maluwa ndi akulu, lilac. Nyemba ndi zachikasu, zopindika pang'ono. Mbewuzo ndizochepa, zolemera pafupifupi 0,52 g, ngati mawonekedwe a impso. Kupanga kotsika - 0,73 kg / m².
• Fatima Plus. Mtundu wa "wokonzedwa ndikuthandizira" wamitundu mitundu ya Fatima. Nyemba za Haricot, kutalika kwa tsinde zimatha kufika mamita 3. Zosiyanasiyana zimachokera ku gulu la sing'anga kumapeto. Masamba amakhala aing'ono, kakulidwe kwambiri. Maluwa ndi ofiirira. Nyemba ndi zazitali kwambiri, zokulirapo, komanso zobiriwira. Mbewuzo ndizopangika ndi impso, zolemera pafupifupi 0,69 g. Kukoma kwake ndikwabwino, zokolola ndizabwino (3.5 kg / m²).
• Fedoseevna. Mid yoyambira mitundu. Analowa mu State Record mu 2015. Tchire ndi lalitali kapena lalitali. Maluwawo amakhala apakatikati, lilac. Nyemba zamtundu wa saladi, zopindika pang'ono, pafupifupi mozungulira gawo. Siwotumba, makulidwe a "zikopa" kulibe. Mphesa zooneka ngati impso zimalemera pafupifupi 0.59 g. Zokolola sizoyipa - 2 kg / m².
• Lukerya. Mitundu yakucha-sing'anga ndi kusungika kwa "mkati" kwa anthracnose. Registry ya boma ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikalimidwe kudera la Omsk. Tchire ndi lamtali, lamphamvu, apamwamba ma curls pang'ono. Nyemba zokhala ndi bend yomwe singawonongeke, yobiriwira. Mbewuzo ndizopanda pake, zakuda, zimakhala ndi zoyera.
• Ngale zakuda. Nyemba za Asparagus. Nthawi yolima ndi masiku 45-50. Tchire lakufika masentimita 50. Nyemba zachikasu chowala, 11-13 cm, popanda popanda "zikopa", zowongoka kapena zopindika pang'ono. Mbewuzo zimakhala pafupifupi zozungulira, zakuda bii. Zochulukitsa - 2-2,5 kg / m².
• Supernano. Nyemba zamasamba osiyanasiyana nyemba zagulu la katsitsumzukwa. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi masentimita 50. Nyemba ndizobiriwira bwino; pomwe zimacha, amasintha mtundu kukhala wachikasu, owongoka, ngati kuti agwada pang'ono. Kutalika - 10-12 masentimita. Mbewu ndi zazikulu, zozungulira. Nyemba iyi imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwake komanso kukana kwake kwa anthracnose, bacteriosis, ndi matenda okongola. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi ma pulasitiki ena, zimatha kusintha nyengo mogwirizana ndi nyengo yamadera ena.

Zojambulajambula: mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya nyemba zokhala ndi mbewu zakuda

Kubzala ndi kukonza nyemba

Kukula nyemba zakuda sikophweka kuposa chikhalidwe chomwecho ndi mbewu zamtundu wina uliwonse.Monga "abale" ake, ndi wovuta pazinthu zomwe zikukula. Kupeza zokolola zochuluka ndikosatheka ngati simupanga mbewu yoyenera kapena yoyandikira mbewu.

Chofunika kwambiri kwa nyemba zakuda ndikuwunikira. Chomera chatsiku lalifupi, koma sizitanthauza kuti chikhalidwe chimakonda mthunzi. Ndikukhumudwitsidwa mwamphamvu kuti ibzale pa mpanda, pansi pa mitengo, ndi zina. Ndi kuchepa kwa kuwala, mbewu zimatambika moyipa, izi zimabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa. Ndikofunika kulingalira kuti nyemba zakuda sizimakonda zokongoletsa komanso mphepo yozizira. Chifukwa chake, patali pang'ono ndi dimba liyenera kukhala choletsa china chomwe sichitha kubisalira.

Nyemba zakuda ziyenera kubzalidwa pamalo opangira dzuwa, zitasamalidwa kale kuti zisazizidwe

Chikhalidwe chimasinthana ndi gawo lililonse la mtundu uliwonse, koma njira yabwino kwambiri ndi dothi labwino komanso lamadzi komanso mpweya, pomwe lili ndi zopatsa thanzi. Zikatero, mazira ambiri amapanga mawonekedwe. Mwachitsanzo, loam, lapansi imvi ndizoyenera. Koma dongo, silika, dothi la peaty ndiye chisankho choyipa kwambiri. Pokonzekera mabedi, mchenga (osachepera 5 l / m²) uyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku gawo lapansi loterolo.

Nyemba zokhala ndi chifukwa chabwino zimatchedwa chomera cha hygrophilous. Koma salekerera madzi owonjezera m'magulu. Ngati nthaka yapansi pansi ibwera pafupi ndi dothi kuposa mita ndi theka, mizu pafupifupi imayamba kuvunda. Kuti mupewe izi, nyemba zakuda zimabzalidwa pamapiri kapena m'mapiri. Njira inanso ndikudzaza mabedi, ofanana ndi zitunda, kutalika kwake osachepera 50-60 cm.Ilinso ndi mwayi wina - dothi limawotha mwachangu, mbewu zingabzalidwe kale.

Pamalo omwewo, nyemba sizimaposa zaka 2-3. Muyenera kudikirira nthawi yayitali ngati nyemba zina izi zisanalimidwe pabedi ili. Omwe adalungamiratu ndi oyandikana naye ndi mbewu kuchokera ku Pumpkin, Cruciferous, Solanaceae, anyezi, adyo.

Garlic ndiwotsogola bwino komanso mnansi wa nyemba

Chiwembu chosankhidwa poganizira zofunikira zonse zapakati pa nthawi yophukira chimakumbidwa mpaka mu fosholo imodzi yotalikira (25-30 cm). Mwa feteleza omwe akuchita izi, manyowa kapena makina owola (5-8 l / m²) akhoza kuwonjezeredwa. Koma manyowa atsopano ndi kutayira kwa mbalame kumakhalako zachikhalidwe. Amasefa nthaka ndi nayitrogeni, yomwe nyemba zakuda zimatha kuyamwa kuchokera mlengalenga "ndikuwongolera" m'nthaka.

Humus - njira yachilengedwe yowonjezera chonde m'nthaka

Sangatulutse phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuwonjezera superphosphate (30-40 g / m²) ndi potaziyamu sodium (20-30 g / m²). Gwero lachilengedwe la macronutrients awa ndi phulusa. Magalasi okwanira pa 1 mita imodzi. Amakonda zikhalidwe ndi calcium, motero ndikofunikira kuwonjezera ufa wa dolomite, choko chophwanyika kapena zipolopolo za mazira ophwanyidwa kukhala fumbi. Chapakatikati, bedi limamasulidwanso, nthaka imang'ambika. Chitani izi sabata ndi theka musanafikire.

Dolomite ufa - deoxidizer wachilengedwe yemwe alibe zotsatira zoyipa akamawonedwa

Mbewu zobzalidwa kale kuposa nthaka panthaka yakuya masentimita 10 mpaka 10-12ºº. Simudzakhala olakwika ndi nthawi ngati mutayang'ana pa chizindikiro chodalirika - chiyambi cha maluwa a dandelions kapena ma chestnuts (koma omaliza sakhala kulikonse). Pakubzala koyambirira, mbewu zimayamba kuvunda. Nthawi yeniyeni imasiyanasiyana madera. Itha kukhala theka loyamba la Epulo komanso kumapeto kwa Meyi.

Wamaluwa ambiri amabzala mbewu mwachindunji mu nthaka. Koma amafunikiratu kukonzekereratu. Izi zimathandiza kumera. Mbeu za nyemba zimamizidwa kwa mphindi 20-30 mu njira yowala ya pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate kapena fangayi iliyonse yachilengedwe, yobwiridwa malinga ndi malangizo. Kenako amatsukidwa m'madzi ozizira ndipo kwa maola 3-4 amasungidwa kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni kapena malo aliwonse ogulitsa biostimulator. Kenako, usiku usanabzike, mbewuzo amazikulunga mu nsalu yonyowa kapena chopukutira. Gawo lomaliza - mwachindunji ndikulowetsa m'nthaka, mumizeni iwo mu yankho la boric acid (2-3 g / l).

Kulowetsa nyemba musanabzale kumathandiza kuti kumere

Tsiku lisanagwe kubzala, mizere imapangidwa pabedi lakuya masentimita 4-8. Zotuluka pakati pawo ndizosachepera 40 cm kwa nyemba zamtchire ndi masentimita 10-15 kupindika. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu yoyandikana naye koyamba ndi 15-20 cm, wachiwiri - 25-30 cm. Amamwe madzi ndi madzi, amawotcha kutentha kwa chipinda, ndikuphatikizira kwa makhiristo angapo a potaziyamu permanganate (mpaka utoto wotuwa).

Ngati nyemba zosankhazo ndizosankhidwa ngati zopindika, onetsetsani kuti malo a trellis. Njira yosavuta ndiyomwe ili ndi mizere ingapo yopingasa pakati pa mizere iwiri. Ndikofunikira kuti akhale matabwa. Nyemba zimalephera kugwira pulasitiki ndi zitsulo.

Nyemba za curly sizingalimbe popanda trellis

Mbewu 3-4 zimabzalidwa mu "dzenje" lililonse, ndikumaziwaza ndi humus yosakanizidwa ndi mchenga. Mbewu isanawonekere, bedi limalimbitsidwa ndi wokutira pulasitiki kapena chovala chakuda. Nyemba zakuda zimaphuka mwachangu, patatha masiku 7-10.

Nyemba za nyemba zimabzalira mizere yopanda madzi, yotseredwa bwino ndi madzi

Kutentha kwausiku pa nthawi yochotsa pogona sikumayenera kukhala wotsika kuposa 12ºº. Ngati pali vuto kuzizira kozizira, ngati njere zayamba kale kuphukira, mphukira zimatsekekanso kapena moto wamabwalo m'mphepete mwa kama. Palinso njira ina yotetezera nkhokwe kuti zisaziziridwe, zomwe zimadziwika kwa akatswiri odziwa zamaluwa - mbewu zothira mafuta ndi Epin kuchepetsedwa m'madzi ozizira (3 litre ampoule). Zotsatira zake zimakhala mpaka masiku 8-10.

Epin - imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri

Vidiyo: Kubzala nyemba m'nthaka

Mbande za nyemba zakuda sizimakula. Njira imeneyi imachitidwa makamaka ndi iwo omwe amamugulitsa. Zimakupatsani mwayi wopeza zokolola masabata awiri m'mbuyomu kuposa momwe zimakhalira, pomwe malonda pamsika adakali ochepa. Komanso kubzala mbande za nyemba ndi koyenera kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yomwe siyabwino kwenikweni pachikhalidwe. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwonjezere nthawi ya zipatso.

Nyemba zamabedi pabedi zimawonekera mofulumira

Mbewu zimabzalidwa m'mbale zatete. Mwanjira imeneyi, kupsinjika komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kufalikira kumatha kuchepetsedwa popanda kuvulaza mizu. Nyemba zilizonse zimadana kwambiri ndi izi. Mbande zakonzeka kubzala m'nthaka patatha mwezi umodzi zitamera, ziyenera kukhala ndi masamba enieni osachepera 3-4. Kwa mbewu, kukonzekera kubzala asanakufotokozere pamwambapa kumafunikira.

Kutentha kwakukulu musanatuluke ndi 23-25ºС. Kenako imatsitsidwa ku 16-18ºС. Gawo laling'ono limasungidwa nthawi zonse m'malo opanda chonyowa. Ngati mbande sizikula mwachangu, m'gawo lachiwiri la masamba zimathiridwa ndi yankho laofooka la feteleza wa nayitrogeni.

Njira yodzala nyemba zakuda sizimachitika kawirikawiri

Malangizo Akusamalira Mbewu

Nyemba, zomwe zapanga malo abwino okulira, safuna chisamaliro chapadera. Monga mbewu zina za m'mundamo, zimafunikira kuwongolera nthawi zonse ndikumasulira mabedi, kuthirira nthawi yake ndi kuthira manyowa.

Kumasulira dothi kumathandizira kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino kwambiri

Njira inanso yofunikira yazomera ndikukula. Imachitika pomwe mbande zikafika pamtunda wa 8-10 masentimita ndi kubwereza pambuyo pa masabata awiri. Gawo lam'mwamba la nyemba ndi lalikulu. Izi zikapanda kuchitika, mbewuzo zimagwera pansi mwakulemera kwawo. Mitundu ya Curly imamangidwa ndi trellis patatha mwezi umodzi chikamera.

Nyemba zakuda ndi chikhalidwe chokonda chinyezi. Mitundu ina yamakono yokha ndiyo yololera chilala chambiri popanda kuwonongeka kambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kuthirira pafupipafupi kumakhalanso kovulaza - madzi osayenda pamizu, amakhumudwitsa kukula kwa zowola. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kupatsa mbewu chinyezi nthawi ya maluwa komanso nthawi yakucha nyemba.

Nyemba zakuda ndichikhalidwe chokonda chinyezi, izi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa akulu mbewu, ndipo mbande zongobwera zokha

Njira zimachitika m'mawa kwambiri kapena nthawi yamadzulo, dzuwa litalowa. Kutentha kwambiri, ndikofunikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kapena kuwatsanulira kuchokera kuthilira, komanso madzulo. Njira yabwino yothirira madzi ndikumwaza, ndikufanizira mvula yachilengedwe. Kutentha kwamadzi - osati kutsika kuposa 18 ° С. Ngati nyengo sinatentha kwambiri, imagwa mvula nthawi ndi nthawi, ndikokwanira kuthirira mundawo masiku onse a 5-7. Pakakhala kotentha ndi dzuwa kunja, zophatikizira pakati pa njirazi zimachepetsedwa mpaka masiku 2-3. Kapenanso mungafunikire kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mbande zokhala ndi zaka zosakwana mwezi umodzi zimamwetsedwa tsiku lililonse la 3-4. Akapanga masamba asanu owona, kuthirira kumacheperachepera. Mumalowedwe atsopano, amayambiridwanso pokhapokha maluwa atayamba, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo uliwonse kuchokera pa 0,5-0.7 l mpaka 2-3 l kapena mpaka 15-20 l / m².

Zolumikizirana pakati kuthirira nyemba zimasinthidwa malinga ndi nyengo yamsewu

Kwa olimawo omwe alibe mwayi wokhala pamalowo mpaka kalekale, mulching ndi yothandiza. Peat, humus, udzu watsopano wobedwedwa kumene umathandizira kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka komanso kupewa udzu.

Nyemba zakuda zikuyankha mofatsa feteleza ndikuwonjezeka kwa zokolola. Nthawi zambiri, zovala zitatu zapamwamba zimachitika nthawi iliyonse. Izi ndizokwanira ngakhale mochedwa-kucha mitundu.

Koyamba feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakatha masiku 25-30 mutatuluka. Mankhwala osakanikirana a nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous, mwachitsanzo, superphosphate ndi urea, amagwiritsidwa ntchito, akuyankhira 10-15 g mu 10 l yamadzi. Sikoyenera kuyesa ndi nayitrogeni. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nyemba zomwe zikuwoneka bwino, nyemba zimayamba kumera msanga zobiriwira zomwe zimayambitsa maluwa ndikupanga nyemba. Zotsatira zina zoipa ndikufooka kwa chitetezo cha mbewu.

Urea, komanso feteleza wina wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, amagwiritsidwa ntchito, potsatira kwambiri mlingo woyenera komanso nthawi ya umuna

Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba chimachitika pafupifupi milungu itatu itatha yoyamba. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza aliyense wama shopu ovomerezeka a nyemba. Zamoyo zachilengedwe ndizoyeneranso - kulowetsedwa kwa manyowa atsopano a ng'ombe, ndowe za mbalame, masamba a dandelion, masamba a nettle. Musanagwiritse ntchito, mtengo womalizidwa uyenera kusefedwa ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 8 (ndipo ngati zinyalala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira - 1:15).

Kulowetsedwa kwa nettle - feteleza wachilengedwe komanso waulere

Nthawi yotsiriza feteleza umatha pambuyo pa milungu itatu. Kucha nyemba zimafunika potaziyamu. Gwero lenileni la macroelement awa ndi phulusa. Imathiridwa pansi pamiyeso mu mawonekedwe owuma kapena kulowetsedwa. Komanso choyenera ndi feteleza wa mchere - potaziyamu sulfate.

Kanema: Zomwe Zimachitika Kuti Nyemba Zikulire

Tizilombo ta nyemba zakuda sikuwonetsa chidwi. Koma pali zingapo kusiyapo. Chovulaza chachikulu kwambiri pamizere chimayamba chifukwa cha mavuvu komanso tizilombo tambiri.

Kuti muteteze malo obisika, m'munsi mwa tsindeyo mumazunguliridwa ndi singano, mchenga komanso zipolopolo. Misampha imathandizanso - inakwiriridwa panthaka pa bedi losungiramo, yodzazidwa ndi mowa, kvass, kupanikizana ndi madzi, masamba osweka a kabichi. Kuthawitsa tizirombo, masimba amathiridwa manyowa pakadutsa masiku 12 ndi kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi kapena gruel wa adyo. Zimatetezanso nyemba ku tizilombo tambiri. Muthanso kulimbana nawo mwa kuyika zidutswa za nsalu kapena ubweya wa thonje wokhazikika palafini kapena turpentine mumipata. Ndikofunika kuzungulira bedi m'mbali mwa mzere ndi zitsamba ndi maluwa okhala ndi fungo labwino - katsabola, basil, rosemary, sage, marigolds, lavender. Nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi imakonkhedwa ndi phulusa lamatanda losakanizika ndi tchipisi cha fodya, tsabola wapansi, ufa wa mpiru.

Slugs amadya zamasamba azomera, kudya mabowo zipatso

Monga lamulo, pofuna kupewa kuchulukana kwa tizirombo, njira zodzitetezera ndizokwanira. Ndikosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuthana nawo - nyemba zakuda (ndi zina zilizonse), ngati chinkhupule chimamwa zinthu zilizonse zovulaza. Koma ngati njira zina sizinabweretse vuto, Meta, Bingu, Sludge amagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi ma slgs, ndipo Aktar, Fufanon, Fonesiatsid amagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi a slugs.

Zovala zozungulira zipsera zimapeza ubweya wachikasu wopanda tanthauzo.

Matenda ofala kwambiri ndi a mosaic, mizu zowola, anthracnose, bacteriosis, dzimbiri la tsamba. Choyamba, kwakukulu, sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi njira zamakono. Imakhala yowonekera nthawi zambiri m mlengalenga, pokhapokha ngati kukula kwake sikunasinthe. M'njira zonsezi, mbewu zimatha kutulutsa ndikuwotcha, ndikuchotsa gwero la matenda. Gawo lapansi pamalowo ndilophera majeremusi, likutaya ndi 5% yamkuwa.

Popewa kukula kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, potaziyamu permanganate nthawi zina amawonjezeredwa ndi madzi kuthirira kuti kuthiriridwa njira ya pinkish. Zomera zimathiridwa ndi choko chophwanyika kapena sulfure ya colloidal. Mbewu zisanabzalidwe zimakhazikika mu njira ya Trichodermin, Alirina-B. Nditapeza zizindikiritso, fungicides imagwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka mwachilengedwe. Mankhwalawa samavulaza thanzi la munthu komanso chilengedwe. Zodziwika kwambiri ndi Strobi, Bayleton, Baikal-EM.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Zizindikiro za matenda owopsa kwa nyemba zakuda

Ndemanga zamaluwa

Mwa ma grade, sindimavutitsa kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo ndinapatsidwa chitsamba choyera (tirigu) kuchokera pamenepo ndinayamba kutengamo mbewu zanga. Mbewu za Wigna zinagula mitundu ya Yunnan, mwaye mu wowonjezera kutentha. Msuzi wa curra wokhotakhota ugule chitsamba, mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chachikasu, chamtambo komanso chobiriwira. Palibe mavuto ndi othandizira, monga ndimabzala pa mpanda, chaka chilichonse m'malo osiyanasiyana. Chaka chatha, nyemba zingapo za Fatima kuphatikiza zidakumana bwino. Zidabala, zokoma komanso zokongola kwambiri. Chaka chino ndikufuna kuti ndizibzale kukhoma la garaja, monga zokongoletsera pabwalo, ndipo zilolekeni kuti zizipindika khoma lokongoletsa.

Sveta-nsk

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Mwa mitundu ya nyemba zopotedwa, ndimakonda Chijoriti. Koma ngati muphonya, ndiye kuti nyemba zosankhazi zimalimba. Koma mbewu zolimba kwambiri komanso zamphamvu.

Wopatsa thanzi

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Nawa impso ndi Kindi - nyemba zosaneneka. Zosakhazikika, chitsamba, zimamera kumtunda uliwonse (anga), zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati siderates. Pambuyo pawo, namsongole amasiya mabedi. Pamutuwu panali zithunzi za Azuki, Lima - pandekha, sanayende ndi ine, anali otentheka kwambiri. Lima akuwoneka ngati wopindika.

Gggalina

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Chaka chino, nyemba za katsitsumzukwa zinaliyenda bwino (komabe, monga kale), amakonda kukula ndi ine. Anachita chidwi ndi mitundu yakuda ya Opal - choyambirira, matumbawa ndiwotalikirapo, ambiri, amtundu. Wondani naye mwachindunji.

Tusja

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Chaka chatha, anafesa nyemba zamtchire Supernano. Kukula si kwambiri, koma zokolola, kukoma kusangalatsa.

Liarosa

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Chilimwe chatha, Preto wakuda nyemba (kamba) adakula. Ndidakonda kukoma kwake. Zachidziwikire ndidzabzala zina zambiri.

Oldgrey

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Nyemba zakuda, zomwe ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pachakudya ku Latin America, zikuyamba kutchuka pang'onopang'ono m'maiko ena. Alimi a ku Russia amudziwanso, ambiri omwe amakonda kuyesa zachilendo. Ma nyemba akuda ndiopatsa thanzi komanso athanzi. Simungayitanitse chisamaliro cha mbewuyi kukhala yosavuta, koma ngakhale mlimi wosadziwa zambiri sangathe kukolola bwino.Pali mitundu yake ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza iyo yoberekeredwa ku Russia. Amasinthiratu pasadakhale nyengo yakumalo. Zachidziwikire, ngati mungafune, aliyense adzapeza zomwe amakonda momwe angakhalire, onse ali ndi mwayi wosakayikira. Mwa zina, ambiri a iwo amawoneka okongoletsa kwambiri, akukongoletsa malowa.