Digitalis ndi mbewu yosatha ya banja la plantain. Amadzitcha kuti chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a maluwa omwe amawoneka ngati timing'onoting'ono tating'ono. M'madera asayansi, dzina loti "digitalis" ndilofala. Zomera zakunyumba ndizo Mediterranean, North Africa ndi West Asia. Mitengo yaying'ono yotsika ya digito ingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino kukongoletsa mundawo. Nthawi yomweyo, mbewuyi ndi mankhwala, koma yambiri, madzi a digitis ndi poizoni. Izi zikuyenera kukumbukiridwa popanga munda womwe muli ana ndi nyama zazing'ono.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Digitalis ndi chomera chobiriwira kapena chachilengedwe cha herbaceous chotalika masentimita 30-150. Pafupifupi palibe njira zamtundu wina zimapangidwa. Masamba a Petiole a mawonekedwe owundana kapena lanceolate amakula pamabowo kachiwiri ndikupanga malo angapo pafupi ndi nthaka. Tsamba lojambulidwalo ndi utoto wakuda. Kutalika kwake ndi 10-30 cm, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 6-11 cm. Tsamba limakhala lonyezimira, lomwe limakutidwa ndi bulges pakati pamitsempha. Mbali yakumbuyo chifukwa cha mulu waufupi, wosawoneka bwino umawoneka ngati silvery kapena imvi.
Mu June-Ogasiti, pamwamba pa tsindeyo limakongoletsedwa ndi inflorescence wandiweyani ngati burashi. Pa iye, pafupi wina ndi mnzake, pamayendedwe afupipafupi, osinthika, maluwa owoneka ngati belu. Kapu yopapatiza yokhala ndi m'mphepete yaying'ono yopindika imatha kupakidwa utoto, wofiirira, oyera, wachikasu kapena ofiira. Nthawi zambiri pharynx imaphimbidwa ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono. Mkati mwake muli ziwonetsero zokhala ndi ma anthers okhuthala komanso thumba losunga mazira.
Mukatha kupukusa mbewu mabokosi okhala ndi nthangala zazifupi kwambiri za bulauni zipse. Mu 1 g ya mbeu, pali magawo 10,000.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yokongoletsera
Mu genus digitalis, malinga ndi gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi, pali mitundu 11 ya mbewu.
Digitalis ndi dzimbiri. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndizodzikongoletsa kwambiri. Imakhala yowombera yocheperako 70-120 cm, yokutidwa ndi masamba owala kapena lanceolate. Kutalika (7-15 cm), inflorescence wandiweyani imakhala ndi mabelu okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy. Calyx yotalika mpaka 4 masentimita imakhala ndi maupangiri awiri okhala ndi maluwa awiri ofanana ndi maluwa a orchid. Lapansi m'munsi likuwonekera bwino pa iwo. Maphalawo adapakidwa utoto wachikasu wowoneka bwino ndimatayidwe apinki pamilomo ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wagolide mkati mwa pharynx. Maluwa amapezeka mu June-August.
Digitalis ndi yofiirira (yofiirira). Chomera chamtundu umodzi, kawirikawiri sichikhala chotulutsa chotalika mpaka 1.5 m chomwe chimakhala ndi masamba omata, otsika pang'ono. Gawo lam'munsi la masamba ndi mphukira zimakhala pubescent. Masamba a Petiole ndi ozungulira. Mu Juni, unilateral kapena piramidi inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a burashi maluwa. Muli ndi maluwa a asymmetric kutalika kwa 8-13 cm.Matumbo ofiirira kapena oyera pamunsi amakhala okutidwa ndi madontho amdima. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Alba - petals oyera oyera
- Mirabelle - maluwa ofiirira, otulutsa maluwa osiyanasiyana a kirimu kapena mtundu wa nsomba.
Digitalis imakhala yotulutsa maluwa ambiri. Zimayambira 40-120 masentimita nthawi zina amapanga shrub. Amakutidwa ndi villi yolimba. Kutalika konse kwa mphukira, masamba opanda masamba amakula mumtambo wobiriwira. Masamba ali ndi lalitali, lakuthwa. Masamba amakula masentimita 7-25 komanso 2 cm masentimita 5. Mu June, bulashi lotayirira 6-25 cm kutalika kumtunda kwa mphukira. Maluwa amtundu wa 3-4 masentimita ataliatali amakhala pazithunzi zoyambira. pamiyala 5 yokhotakhota. Maluwa amapaka utoto wonyezimira, timadontho tating'ono tofiirira timakhala mkati.
Digitalis ndi yaubweya. Chomera chosatha 30-80 masentimita okwera amapanga masamba obiriwira kwambiri amitundu yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira pafupi ndi nthaka. Udzu m'mphepete mwa pansi pake umakutidwa ndi cilia wautali. Mu Julayi, burashi la piramidi limatseguka, pomwe ma calyx awiri ophatikizika awiri amakula kwambiri wina ndi mnzake. Ma petals ndi mabreteni amakumbiridwanso ndi mulu wa silvery. Kutalika kwa chubu ndi masentimita 2-3. Bent ma petals mpaka 1 cm kutalika kupitirira m'mphepete mwake.Maluwa amapaka utoto wa kirimu kapena zoyera, ndipo pafupi ndi pakati amakutidwa ndi mawonekedwe akuda a chikasu.
Pali mitundu ina yambiri yamphepete zamtundu wokhazikika zamakono zomwe zimatha kukula m'munda. Odziwika kwambiri pakati pawo ndi:
- Tapsi - masamba obiriwira obiriwira amakongoletsedwa molunjika 40-80 masentimita, pamwamba pake pamakhala maburashi akuda okhala ndi mabelu akulu a pinki kapena rasipiberi;
- Merton - mbewu 60-80 cm yayitali imakongoletsedwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira; imaphuka mu Meyi ndi maluwa akuluakulu ofiirira.
Kubalana kwa Digitalis
Nthawi zambiri, digitalis imamera pambewu. Zitha kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo panthaka kapena mbande. M'madera akumwera, theka lachiwiri la masika, mbewu zofesedwa m'mundamo, mabowo patali masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Amayikidwa m'manda ndi 5-10 mm. Panthawi yozizira, mbewuzo zimakutidwa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu.
Popeza mbande zimamera pang'onopang'ono, ndibwino kuti mukule mbande. Asanabzala, mbewu zimanyowetsedwa kwa sabata limodzi m'madzi ofunda, omwe amasinthidwa katatu patsiku. Mbewu zimapangidwa m'mabokosi osakanizidwa ndi mchenga. Mbewu zimagawidwa panthaka ndikuzikankhira pulawo. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi galasi ndikusungidwa kutentha ndi chipinda. Pambuyo masiku 10-15, mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera. Poyamba, chitukuko chawo chimachedwa kwambiri. Masamba owona akapangidwa, kutola kumachitika m'makapu otaika osiyidwa kapena m'bokosi lina lomwe lili ndi mtunda pakati pa mbewu za masentimita pafupifupi 7 cm.
Pobzala zipatso za digitis, mphukira za basal zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikotheka kusinthitsa mawonekedwe ake podula inflorescence yofota. Posachedwa njira zamkati zimayamba. Mphukira yokhala ndi masamba 7-8 ndi muzu wake imakumbidwa mosamala ndikubzala m'malo atsopano. Pomwepo mu Seputembala, idzasinthika ndikukonzekera nyengo yachisanu, ndipo kumapeto kumamasula maluwa oyamba.
Kubzala kunja ndi chisamaliro
Mbande za Digitalis zibzalidwe pamalo otseguka kumapeto kwa Meyi, pomwe madzi oundana adatha kudutsa ndipo dothi latenthe bwino. Ndikwabwino kubzala maluwa poyera, dzuwa kapena malo pang'ono. Madera omwe ali pansi pa chisoti cha mitengo yabwino. Sikhala yonyowa kwambiri komanso yopanda kuwala mokwanira, ndipo pakugwa, masamba akugwa amasokoneza kukula kwa mtengowo.
Dothi lodzala liyenera kukhala lotayirira, lachonde komanso lopanda chinyezi. Limbani tsambalo ndikupanga kompositi kapena humus. Mtunda wa 25-30 masentimita umasungidwa pakati pa mbewu zamwini m'mundamo. Kuti zisawononge nthambizo, kupatsirana kumachitika ndi njira yodutsa. Dongosolo la digitis losatha mchaka choyamba silimaphukira, koma limapanga duwa losalala lamasamba.
Ngati malo a chomera adasankhidwa molondola, samalani bwino. Digitalis imafunika kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi, koma kuti madzi asasunthike pamizu. Nthaka itathiratu, mwina kutumphuka kokhazikika sikungatheke kuti mpweya uzilowera mizu ndipo kukula kumayamba kucheperachepera. Muyeneranso kuchotsa namsongole. Kawiri kapena katatu pachaka ndi nthawi yotentha, amadyetsedwa ndi ma mineral mines. Amathiridwa mu dothi pamizu.
Kuti maluwa azikhala okongoletsa, ndikofunikira kudula nthawi yayitali. M'dzinja, zimayambira zazitali zimafupikitsidwa ndi theka, kusiya masamba oyambira. Ma rhizomes opanda kanthu amawazidwa ndi lapansi ndikuphimba mphukira yonse ndi masamba agwa kapena nthambi zonona. Zikatero, digito nthawi yachisanu imatha kupirira nyengo yachisanu.
Zomera sizigwirizana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Nthawi zina, amakhala ndi vuto la nsabwe za m'masamba, njenjete ndi maula. Ndi chisamaliro cholakwika, matenda a powderyypew amatha. Kuwongolera kwaukadaulo waulimi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo (Iskra, Vitaros) kudzathandiza kuthana ndi mavuto onse.
Digitalis m'munda
Pazipangidwe, ma digitalis amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo amodzi pagulu. Ma inflorescence amtunda obzalidwa kumbuyo kwa mabedi amaluwa. Pakumata masamba, ma digitalis amakhala ngati mpanda pakati pa gawo. Zomera zimatha kukhala maziko abwino a maluwa osangalatsa. Ochita bwino m'munda wamaluwa wamtundu wa digitalis adzakhala peonies, valerian, maluwa. Ma inflorescence owala bwino ndikuyang'ana kumbuyo kwa conifers kapena zomera zokongoletsera. Mitundu yazokongoletsera imakongoletsa kupindika, ndipo mutabzala mumbale - khonde kapena khonde. Komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira maluwa okongola. Dulani inflorescence imayimilira mu vaseti yopitilira sabata.
Mphamvu zakuchiritsa za digitis
Mankhwala achikhalidwe azindikira kalekale kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi digito. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mtima ndi zovuta zamagazi. Mankhwala okhala ndi digitalis amathetsa kuukira kwa atrivefil, kusintha kwa magazi kupita kwa minofu, ndi kulimbana ndi mtima, tachycardia, matenda oopsa komanso matenda ena am'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, mu mankhwala wowerengeka, decoction wamasamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi khunyu, kutupa kwa khungu, kutentha thupi, kupweteka komanso magazi.
Ngakhale ali ndi mankhwala ambiri, ngakhale bongo wochepa umayambitsa poyizoni, motero ndikofunika kugula mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala opangira mankhwala ku mankhwala opangira mankhwala ndikumawatenga monga momwe dokotala amakunenera, ndipo osakonzekera mankhwalawo nokha komanso kusinkhasinkha.
