Alimi omwe akudyetsa nkhuku mothandizidwa ndi makinawa amadziwa kuti zifukwa zingapo zofunika zimakhudza ubwino wa ana. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi zakuthupi zotchuka kwambiri. Ganizirani zomwe mungasankhe mazira a mazira ndi malamulo awo osungirako musanayambe makulitsidwe.
Momwe mungasankhire mazira a tizilombo toyambitsa makina
Mukasankha mfundo zokhala mu setter, muyenera kuzifufuza m'njira ziwiri:
- Kuwonekera mwachiwonetsero: zimathandiza kudziwa ngati mawonekedwe a tinthu (mawonekedwe, kulemera kwake ndi chikhalidwe cha chipolopolo) amakwaniritsa zofunikira.
- Ovoskopirovaniya, kapena zojambula za otoscope, zomwe mkati mwake zimayang'aniridwa: yolk, chipinda cha mlengalenga ndi mluza.
Mukudziwa? Amonke a ku Tibetan ankapembedza tsekwe zoyera, chifukwa ankakhulupirira kuti anali thupi la Ambuye Shiva. Ndipo Aroma akale ankaona kuti amakonda kwambiri Mars, mulungu wa nkhondo.
Kulemera kwa mazira ndi mawonekedwe
Malamulo oyambirira:
- miyezo yolemetsa: 120 - 140 g (kwa mitundu yowala) ndi 160 - 190 g (chifukwa cha mitundu yolemera);
- miyezo ya kukula: 8-10 masentimita m'litali ndi mamita 4-5 masentimita;
- mawonekedwe liyenera kukhala lolondola; silololedwa kuti likhale lochepetsedwa kwambiri, lopangidwa ndi peyala, lopangidwa, lopangidwa, lozungulira.
Ndikofunikira! Mipangidwe yomwe miyeso yake ikugwera kunja kwa malire ofunikiridwa amakanidwa. Palibe chitsimikizo kuti ziphuphu zathanzi zidzawathyola.
Chigoba
Mbali iyi ya dzira imakhalanso ndi zofunika:
- pamwamba ndi bwino komanso ngakhale;
- zovuta, osati zofewa;
- palibe kuwonongeka: ming'alu, chips;
- opanda zoperewera: mano, mabala, kuphulika, kukula ndi belt (kuphulika pakati);
- zoyera, zopanda kuipitsa: madontho, magazi, nthenga.
Alimi ena a nkhuku amasamba mazira ndi madzi ndi kuwagwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu permanganate. Ena amati kusamba ndi kovulaza, ndipo amayeretsedwa ndi hydrogen peroxide.
Video: Kukonzekera ndi kuika mazira a tsekwe mu chofungatira
Yolk
Asanayambe kugona mu chofungatira, mazira onse ayenera kuunikiridwa ndi ovoscope, ziribe kanthu momwe akuwonekera bwino. Zimakhala zopanda nzeru kuyika zitsanzo zopanda maonekedwe ndi zomwe zili mkati mwake.
Ndikofunikira! Kwa dzira la tsekwe silinakhale ndi nthawi yoti lidetse, ndilofunika kulichotsa ku chisa pomwe chiwonongeko chitatha. Ngati yayenda mu zinyalala kwa maola oposa asanu, ndiye kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timayambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'matumbo.
Yolk imayenera kutsatira izi:
- imodzi, osati ziwiri;
- mdima ndi opanda malire omveka;
- ili pakati;
- kuyenda: pamene dzira limatembenuka, yolk imabwerera pang'onopang'ono (ngati yosasunthika, zikutanthauza kuti zimamatira ku chipolopolo);
- Nkhono zomwe zimathandizira yolk ndizochepa;
- yolk zofanana, popanda zosiyana;
- mapuloteni ali wandiweyani, osati amadzi, opanda zakuda;
- yolk ndi mapuloteni sayenera kusakanizidwa.
Chipinda cham'kati
Nawonso, ali ndi miyezo yawo:
- malo: pamapeto omveka, koma osati kuchokera kumbali osati kuchokera kumbali;
- kukula: yaying'ono, yoposera kuposa 2 mm (chipinda chachikulu cha mpweya chimayankhula za mankhwalawa);
- Sitiyenera kukhala mafoni (kusuntha - chizindikiro cha chipinda cha mkati).
Phunzirani momwe mungasankhire jekeseni kwa fuko, momwe mungadziwire kugonana kwa atsekwe, pamene atsekwe ayamba kuwuluka panyumba, ndi mazira angati omwe amanyamula.
Kodi pali nyongolosi iliyonse
N'zotheka kudziwa kupezeka kwa mluza patsiku la 4-5 pambuyo powonongeka. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, yolk imakhala yotsika kwambiri, ndipo chipinda cha mpweya sichinayambe. Choncho, ndizomveka kuti ovoskopirovaniya tsiku lachisanu, koma osati kale. Pankhaniyi, mwana wosabadwayo akadakalibe.
Zizindikiro za umuna:
- kukhala ndi chipinda cha mpweya cha kukula kolondola pamalo abwino;
- yolk sichikuwunika, koma mdima ndi wofanana;
- yolk imayenda mkati mwa gologolo, koma pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi zonse imabwerera ku malo apakati.
Mazira a yosungirako yosungirako zakutchire kuti agulitse
Ambiri obereketsa nkhuku amayenera kuyembekezera masiku angapo kuti apeze nambala yolondola ya mazira ndi kubala anapiye a msinkhu womwewo kuchokera kwa iwo. Kuwonjezera apo, akatswiri amanena kuti ndibwino kuti musamangowonjezera mazira omwe adayikidwa pansi, koma kwa maola angapo komanso ngakhale masiku. Kuzizira uku kumalimbitsa mimba.
Mukudziwa? Pa tsiku lachiwiri mutatha kuswa, ziphuphu zimatha kudziwa kusambira mwaluso. Goose samawaphunzitsa iwo, chifukwa kusambira ndi chilengedwe chachirengedwe.
Ndi mazira angati omwe amasungidwa
Maganizo pa nkhaniyi amasiyana. Ena amanena kuti zaka zabwino kwambiri za mazira a chizindikiro ndi masiku asanu, ena amawona nthawi yabwino ya masiku 10-15. Koma motalika awasungidwa, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ana:
- ngati nkhaniyi isungidwa kwa masiku asanu, ndiye kuti alibe 79.8%;
- Masiku 10 - 72.7%;
- Masiku 15 - 53.7%;
- Masiku 20 - 32.5%;
- Masiku 25 - 0%.
Malamulo akusungirako
Zosungirako zomwe zimapangidwanso zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zizindikiro zowonongeka za ana ndi ubwino wa thanzi la ana.
Malamulo a Kusungirako:
- chipinda: zowuma, zoyera, zowonjezera mpweya, popanda fungo lakunja (mu chipinda chodetsedwa ndi chonyowa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa mu dzira kudzera mu chipolopolo ndi mpweya);
- kutentha: 8-18 ° C, makamaka 12-15 ° C (pa kutentha pamwamba pa 22 ° C, umuna umayamba kukula, koma molakwika, ndipo dzira limakula mofulumira);
- chinyezi: 70-80 %;
- malo a dzira: kutsirizira, kutsirizira mofulumira (kutembenuka kamodzi pa sabata) kapena kutsogolo, ndi mapeto akuthwa pang'ono (kutembenuka tsiku ndi tsiku);
- kayendedwe: mosamala kwambiri, popanda kugwedezeka, kuti asawononge chipinda cha mpweya kapena kukhulupirika kwa dzira).
Dzidziwike ndi zokolola zochokera ku Mayiko, Atsekwe Oyera a ku Italy, Mamut, Olamulira, Kuban, Gorky ndi Tula, Chinese, Linda Geese, Danish Legart, Hungarian White, Arzamas, Toulouse, Rhine, Kholmogory atsekwe.
Kuwonjezeka moyo wa alumali
Kuti mudzaze sitayi yowonjezera, nthawi zina muyenera kusunga zinthu kwa masiku opitirira khumi. Ndiye muyenera kuchepetsa kutentha m'chipinda cha 8-10 ° C.
Mwachidziwitso, akatswiri apanga njira zingapo zomwe zimawonjezera moyo wa alumali wa mankhwala opangira makinawa mpaka masiku 20-25:
- Kutentha kwa nthawi zonse: Patatha masiku 2-4 atayika mazira amatha kutenthetsa mazira 4-5 kutentha kwa 37.5-38 ° C ndi chinyezi cha 55-70%. Kenaka sitayi imabweretsedwera kumalo osungirako kale. Alimi ena amatha kubwereza tsiku lililonse masiku awiri, ena pambuyo pa masiku asanu. Ndipo ena amakhulupirira kuti ndikwanira kuti azichita kamodzi.
- Kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku: Kuyambira pa tsiku lachisanu, tereyiti ya dzira imatumizidwa kumalo osungira mazira kwa ola limodzi tsiku lililonse, kutenthedwa kufika 37.2 ° C. Ndondomekoyi imabweretsa chilengedwe pamene bulu limakhala pa bedi loswa tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Kusungirako kusinthidwa kwa gasi: Mazira amaikidwa phukusi lopanda mpweya (chitha cha lavsan-polyethylene), momwe nthawi yambiri oxygen, yomwe mavitamini amachokera, imalira. Mpweya wochepa mu malo ozungulira dzira, umapita pang'onopang'ono. Mukhoza kulimbikitsa chilengedwe mu thumba ndi nayitrogeni, ozoni kapena carbon dioxide kuchokera mukhoza ya carbon dioxide, kukalamba kumachepetse ngakhale mofulumira. Mu chidebe chotere, nkhaniyi iyenera kusungidwa pa 10-12 ° C.
Ndikofunikira! Musanagwiritse ntchito njira iliyonse yosungirako nthawi yaitali, tinthu lirilonse liyenera kukhala losatetezedwa.
Kuyika mazira mu chofungatira
- Musanadzaze, chofungatiracho chikuwotcha kuti 37.8-38 ° C, chifukwa chaichi chiphatikizidwa 3-4 maola oyambirira.
- Nkhaniyi inakonzedwa pasadakhale: zitsanzo zosankhidwa bwino, zowonongeka pa ovoscope, zoyera ndi zowonongeka.
- Zamagetsi zimayikidwa mu tray pang'onopang'ono.
- Popanda kutembenukira kokha, amafunika kutembenuzidwa pamanja (makamaka 4 pa tsiku). Kuti mumve mosavuta, mungathe kulembetsa kopi iliyonse kuchokera kumbali ziwiri.
- Ikani mawonekedwe mu chofungatira: kutentha - 38-39 ° C, chinyezi - 70%.
- Tsatirani malamulo oyambitsa mazira a tsekwe.
Phunzirani momwe mungamere goslings mu chofungatira.
Khwerero atayika mazira mu chofungatira: kanema
Ovoskopirovaniya masana
Ovoskopirovaniya zofunika pamaso ndi pa makulitsidwe 3-4 nthawi:
- Musanayambe chizindikiro, onani mtundu wa mankhwala: palibe kuwonongeka kwa chipolopolo ndi mdima, malo a yolk ndi mapuloteni, kukhalapo kwa mpweya m'chipinda.
- Pa tsiku la 8-10th la makulitsidwe: Mukhoza kuona chidutswa cha mluza ndi grid yoyendetsa. Mutha kuwona zovulala zomwe sinaziwonepo, dzira lopanda kanthu, lopanda mazira ndi mitsempha yamagazi (embryo yafa).
- Masiku 15-21: Kapepala kabwino kamakhala kosasintha, mdima wandiweyani, komanso mpweya wokhala m'chipinda chokha. Choipa: Kuwala kwathunthu - kosapangidwira, kowala ndi malo amdima komanso opanda gridi ya magazi - embryo inamwalira.
- M'masiku otsiriza asanayambe kugwira ntchito (28-29 tsiku): mukhoza kuona kayendedwe ka tsekwe, kumva phokoso ndi kuswa kwake. Chitsanzo choipa: mdima, koma palibe kusuntha komwe kumawoneka ndipo palibe zowomba kumveka - kabokosi kamene kanamwalira.
Mazira oyipa ayenera kuchotsedwa ku chotsitsimutsa mwamsanga atangotulukira.
Phunzirani za kukula kwa mphuno pakhomo, kudyetsa mbuzi, zifukwa zomwe zimapangidwira.
Kusankhidwa kwa makulitsidwe ndi zosungirako ziyenera kuyandikira kwambiri. Zinthu ziwirizi zimakhudza kwambiri zotsatira za makulitsidwe. Kuti mupeze ana abwino a phokoso labwino, m'pofunika kutsatira malamulo onse omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa momveka bwino.
Video: Ovoscoping amazaza mazira
Ndemanga
Nthawi yomweyo amafunika kusamba ndi kusakaniza mazira omwe amawasungira makulitsidwe, kapena asanakwane makulitsidwe?
Inde, ndibwino kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda musanayambe kusonkhanitsa komanso tisanagone. Kenaka amalimbikitsidwanso kuti asamatsitsire mankhwalawa asanayambe kusunthira mpaka pamapeto. Koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chofungatiracho chiyeneranso kuti chitetezedwe.
comizol1 akulemba kuti:
Kodi n'zotheka kuti piritsium permanganate yowonongeka?
Inde, n'zotheka, koma yankho siliyenera kukhala lotayirira kwambiri, chifukwa ilo limalowa mkati mwa dzira ndipo likhonza kuvulaza mwanayo. Mukhozanso kusamba mu 1-1.5% yothetsera hydrogen peroxide, 0.2-0.5% peracetic asidi, 1.5-2.0% chloramine B.
Kunyumba, chomwe chimatchedwa kuti madzi otetezeka a mazira ndi ovomerezeka, njira imodzi yomwe imathandizira kuti chipolopolocho chizikhala ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (VIROCID) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira ya aerosol kapena spray, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochizira makabati ndi makabati. Njira yabwino ndikuwotcha mazira ndi nyali ya quartz pamtunda wa masentimita 30-40 kumbali zonse ziwiri kwa mphindi 10-15.
Pamene colibacteriosis imapezeka mu famu, mazira amawonjezeredwa ndi mankhwala a 0.5-1% a ayodini kapena chlorinated mu njira yothetsera bleach yomwe imakhala ndi 1.2-1.5% ya chlorine yogwira ntchito, ndipo pamene aspergillosis imapezeka, amachiritsidwa ndi 5% mkuwa sulphate.
Mmalo mwa ovoskop, ndimagwiritsa ntchito filimoscope ya ana, chirichonse chimakhala chowonekera bwino.
