Kwa zaka zambiri, cacti amakhala wotchuka pakati pa amateur maluwa amalima.
Amakopa chidwi ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsera, osati chisamaliro chovuta, chokongola (ngakhale chosavuta) maluwa.
Pakati pa oimira osiyanasiyana a exotics awa, Astrophytum ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Kufotokozera ndi chiyambi
Malo amtundu wambiri wa ku Africa ndi Mexico. Maluwawo anaonekera koyamba ku Ulaya m'zaka za zana la 18, chifukwa cha kafukufuku wina wa ku Belgium dzina lake Henri-Guillaume Galeotti. Mu 1839, Charles Lamer adatchula dzina lakuti "Astrophytum" monga mtundu wonse wosiyana.
Pakali pano, izi cacti nthawi zambiri zimakula monga chomera chamkati. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi chisamaliro chosasamala, kukula msanga, mawonekedwe okongola okongola. Iwo amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira okhala ndi zowona. Mitundu ina ili ndi mitsempha, zambiri zimasowa. Blossom "Astrophytum" m'chaka ndi chilimwe.
Mitundu ya cactus "Astrophytum" ndi zithunzi
Mwachigawo chachikulu, pali mitundu 6 yokha ya zomera. Mu chikhalidwe, zinayi zazo ndizofala.
"Capricorn" (Capricorne)
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ikukula m'dera la chipululu cha Mexico. Chomera cha dzuwa. Tsinde la achinyamata "Astrophytum" limakhala lozungulira, kenako limatalika ndipo limakhala lozungulira. Kunyumba, kukula pang'onopang'ono. Pa nthawi yomweyi mtengo waukulu ukhoza kufika 25 cm m'litali.
Amakhala ndi nthiti zakuthwa, zowongoka. Mtundu ndi wobiriwira. Kuchokera kumwamba, kansalu kakang'ono kamakhala ndi chikasu chachikasu, makamaka pafupi ndi korona. Amatsitsa nthawi yaitali (mpaka masentimita 8), amawongolera, mawonekedwe ofiira, mtundu wakuda. Amamera kwambiri (mpaka 8-10 cm) maluwa okongola.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa "Astrophytum Capricorn":
"Nyenyezi" (Asterias)
Mwina imodzi mwa mitundu yochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Malo am'chipindamo amatha kufika 15-20 masentimita awiri. Chomeracho ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi korona wochepa. Tsinde ndi 6-8 nthiti zofooka. Popanda zopanda. Maluwa ndi okongola, akuluakulu (masentimita 8), achikasu ndi mtundu wofiira.
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa Star Astrophytum:
Mafuta (Myriostigma)
Nthawi zambiri mumapezeka chikhalidwe. Ndiwo chomera chozungulira chomwe chimapangidwa ndi tsinde lakuda ndi masamba akuthwa asanu, omwe ali mabungwe a pubescent popanda minga. Maluwa ndi achikasu ndi mitima yofiira-lalanje, yaikulu. Anthu amtundu uwu nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "mbendera yamapiskopi." Kuphatikizidwa "Astrophytum" kungakhale ndi zoyera zoyera kapena popanda iwo. Pali oimira ndi nkhiti 3,4,6.
Chithunzichi chikusonyeza "Astrophytum Spotted":
"Kukongoletsedwa" (Ornatum)
Mbewu yaying'ono ili ndi tsinde lakuya, yomwe, pamene ikukula, imayamba kukokedwa m'mbali. Kutalika kwa chomera chachikulu ndi pafupifupi 30-40 masentimita. Mu malo achilengedwe akhoza kukula mpaka mamita imodzi m'litali. Tsinde ndi lobiriwira, lagawanika 6-8 nthiti zazing'ono, zophimba pamwamba.
Pa maolawa pali 6-11 zoonda zokhazokha zachikasu, zovuta kukhudza, 3-4 masentimita m'litali. Chomera chimayamba kuphuka pokhapokha patatha zaka 24-25. Maluwa ndi aakulu, kuwala kofiira, 6-9 masentimita awiri.
Chithunzicho chikusonyeza "Astrophytum Chokongoletsedwa":
Kusamalira kwanu
Kusamalira chomera sikovuta. Gwiritsani ntchito malamulo oyambirira ndipo simudzakhala ndi vuto lokula "Astrophytum".
Zotsatira zogula
Chonde dziwani kuti mwamsanga mutangogula muyenera kuyisamutsa. Chidebe ndi gawo lapansi limene zomerazo zili mu sitolo sizili zoyenera kulima kulima. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono kwa zomera zisanagulitsidwe.
Kuunikira
Duwa limakonda kuyatsa bwino.
Zidzakhala bwino kuti akhale pawindo lowala kwambiri la mawindo akuyang'ana kum'mwera kapena kum'mwera chakum'maŵa.
"Astrofituma" amalekerera nthawi yaitali kutuluka dzuwa.
Koma, pamasiku otentha, akulimbikitsidwa kusamalira shading ku dzuwa kuti ateteze maluwa ku moto.
M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri imatulutsa mpweya wabwino, tenga mpweya wabwino kuti upume.
Kumapeto kwa autumn ndi nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kusamalira kuwala kwina koonjezera.
Kutentha
M'chaka ndi chilimwe kutentha mu chipinda chiyenera kukhala madigiri 23-28. Pakufika kuzizizira, zimachepa pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi yozizira imabwera mpumulo. Ndikofunika kuti duwa ili mu chipinda chozizira ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 12-16. Chomera chabwino kwambiri chidzakhala pazenera-sill yozizira pafupi ndi zenera.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
"Astrophytum" imalekerera mpweya wouma, safuna zina zowonjezera kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi.
Mu nyengo yotentha, muyenera kuthirira nthawi zonse - 1.2 pa sabata. Kugwa kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, imayenera kuthiriridwa pokhapokha ngati pakufunika.
Feteleza
M'chilengedwe chake, nkhalango imakula m'madera a chipululu, kumene dothi latha mu minerals. Mukakukula panyumba, imakula bwino popanda mavitamini. Ngati mukufuna kudyetsa chomera, ndibwino kuti mupange feteleza wapadera kwa cacti ndi zokometsera (osapitirira 1 nthawi mu masiku 30). M'nyengo yozizira, musadye.
Kuwaza
"Astrofituma" sakonda kuika.
Bwezerani mmalo mwake ziyenera kukhala zofunikira pamene mizu ikukula kwambiri kuti ikhale yodzaza mumphika womwewo.
Panthawi yopatsa, maluwa kuchokera mu mphika amachotsedwa kwathunthu.
Mzuwo sukusambitsidwa, sugawana mizu, ndipo mwapang'onopang'ono mumagwedeza ndikubzala mu chidebe chatsopano kukula kwake kuposa kale.
Kuswana
Maluwa amatha kufalitsidwa mosavuta ndi mbewu. Cuttings zisamafalitsidwe. "Astrophytum" amatha kumera mwamsanga. Mbewu zomwe zakhala zosapitirira zaka 1-1.5 ndizoyenera kufesa.
Ndikofunikira! Musanafese, chidebecho chatsukidwa bwino ndipo chimatetezedwa.
Mbewu imayikidwa mu gawo la peat pa kutentha kwa madigiri 20-23 ndipo ili ndi magalasi. Mphukira zoyamba zimawoneka kale pa tsiku 3-5. Pamene mphukira zazing'ono zimakula, zimatha kuikidwa mu mphika wakulima.
Maluwa
Samalani kuti poyambirira kwa maluwa nthawi yaying'ono imafuna chisamaliro choyenera m'nyengo yachisanu-yozizira (nthawi yochepa). Chiyambi cha maluwa zimadalira kukula kwa chidebe. Pang'ono ndi mphika, mofulumira nyamayi imayamba kuphulika.
Nthaka
Astrophytes ndi nthaka yovuta. Njira yabwino ndiyo kugula gawo lapadera la kukula kwa cacti ku sitolo. Dothi liyenera kukhala losalala, lotayirira, bwino kupatsirana madzi ndi mpweya. Dothi lolemera kwambiri, dongo limavulaza duwa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Monga lamulo, mavuto amayamba pamene kusamalidwa bwino sikutsatiridwa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo omwe timakonda kwambiri:
- Mealy worm. Zitha kuwonedwa pa sera yoyera yomwe imapezeka pamwamba pa cactus. Kawirikawiri zimakhudza zovuta zina. Njira yothetsera nkhondo - mankhwala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mukhoza kuchiza dera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi swaboni ya thonje yoviikidwa mu madzi a sopo.
- Mizu yovunda. Zimachokera chifukwa cha kuthirira molakwika (mopitirira malire). Matenda osadziwika. Ndikofunika kutsuka mizu nthawi, kuchotsa mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa, kuthana ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate ndi kuika mu mphika watsopano.
- Matenda a mphutsi. Zimakhudza mizu, choncho zimakhala zovuta kuziwona ndi maso. Chithandizo chothandiza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Pakalipano, Astrophytum ikukhala maluwa otchuka kwambiri. Zimakopa chidwi ndi chisamaliro chosasamala, kuyang'ana kokongola kosangalatsa, nyengo yokongola. Chomerachi nthawi zambiri chimalimbikitsidwa kuti chikule ngakhale oyamba ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ngati mumusamalira ndikumusamalira, zidzakhala zokongoletsa kwenikweni.
