Kwambiri kunyada kwa wamaluwa - Chinese maula "Alenushka"

Zokongola za ku China iwo ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi anthu wamba omwe amawoneka ndi kulawa, komabe, iwo sanalandire kufalikira kwakukulu m'maganizo athu.

Iwo anawonekera ku Russia osati kale kwambiri, koma pogwiritsira ntchito mitundu yatsopano yodabwitsa komanso zowonjezereka za plums zapezeka kale.

Chinese plum zosiyanasiyana Alenushka makamaka kukulumbidwa kuti ikule mu nyengo yovuta kwambiri ya chigawo chapakati cha Russian Federation.

Mitundu imeneyi inkaonekera posachedwapa ndipo olima amaluwa amadziwa zambiri za izo.

Tsatanetsatane wa maula Alyonushka

Tsatanetsatane wa "Alenushka":

1. Mtengo Alyonushka ndi yotsika, pafupifupi 2-2.5 m, ndi pyramidal, osati wakuda korona. Mphukira ndi yamphamvu, yolunjika, yobiriwira, ndi yaying'ono ya internodes, osati yaubweya. Mitengo yamatsenga, yosakanikirana, yosasunthika kuthawa.

   Masamba ndi yaitali, akuthwa, kuwala kobiriwira, mthunzi. Pamphepete mwa pepala muli mano ang'onoang'ono, nsonga ndi maziko amatsindika. The scape ndi yaitali, osati wakuda kwambiri.

2. Maluwa chowopsa, chachikulu, choyera, chokongola kwambiri. Khalani zidutswa zitatu mu inflorescence, kotero maula a Chitchaina amatchulidwa katatu. Pa maluwa mphukira kwathunthu yokutidwa ndi maluwa.
3. Zipatso Mitundu imeneyi ndi yokongola, yayikulu, yolemera pafupifupi 40-50 magalamu, yanyengo. Khungu ndi lochepa thupi, koma lolimba, lofiira kapena lakuda pinki, ndi chobvala chodziwika bwino.

   Thupi limawala lalanje, labwino kwambiri, lamadzi wambiri, lokhala lokoma kwambiri, lokoma ndi lowawa, kukoma kumakumbukira kwambiri pichesi.

   Zipatso zimakhala bwino pa phesi lalifupi, wandiweyani, ndipo musasokoneze pamene mukuposa. Pfupa ndilopakatikati, osati losiyana ndi zamkati.

Chithunzi

Yambani kudziŵa maula "Alenushka" akhoza kukhala pa chithunzi pansipa:

Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana

Alenushka analandira mwa kudula mabala osiyanasiyana a Chinese omwe akuwombera mpira wofiira. Otsatsa a bungwe loyang'anira Oryol G. B. Zhdanov ndi A.F. Kolesnikov. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana idapangidwa mu 2001 m'zigawo zonse za Central Black Earth za Russian Federation.

Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana

Pulogalamu Alenushka Ndiyeso yoyamba yophika tebulo. Zipatso zimadyetsedwa mwatsopano, koma zimakhalanso zabwino mu compotes kapena jams. Zipatso zimalolera kuyenda, koma sizikusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.

Fruiting izi zosiyanasiyana zimayamba oyambirira, patatha zaka zitatu kuchokera kutsika. Alyonushka amamasula maluwa asanayambe kuwonekera, kumayambiriro kwa May. Maluwa ndi ochuluka kwambiri komanso okongola, komabe mwachidule. Kukonzekera sikukwera kwambiri, koma kuli kolimba pachaka. Kukolola kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa August.

Izi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndizosabala, choncho mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mungu imayenera kukhala pafupi. Kwa Alyonushka, mitundu ya Skoroplodnaya ndiyo yabwino kwambiri yolima mungu, koma mtundu uliwonse wa chitumbuwa kapena chinenero cha Chinese chofanana ndi yakucha kumayenera bwino.

Pezani zina zomwe ziripo mafuta osiyanasiyana a Chitchaina: Maloto Orel, Skoroplodnaya, Xenia, Yellow Hopty.

Plum Alenushka, mutakula pakatikati, chisanu chopanda mphamvu. Ikhoza kupirira kwambiri frosts, mpaka -37 ndipo ngakhale -40C, ndipo silingakhoze kulekerera nyengo yotentha ndi yachisanu. M'nyengo yotereyi, nthawi zambiri amadula m'munsi mwa thunthu, zomwe sizingathe kuchepetsa zokolola, komanso zimawononga mtengo.

Choncho, zosiyanasiyanazi zimakula bwino pazomwe zimapanga zovuta, kapena kuti zisamalidwe malo pa phiri.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Nthawi yabwino kwambiri kukwera Alyonushka ndi yophukira, ndipo malo amakhala otseguka, okwera ndi dzuwa, okhala ndi madzi otsika pansi, abwino pamapiri. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yachonde, osati yamchere komanso yosakhala mchere, kuwala. Konzani pafupi mwezi umodzi musanadzalemo.

Malo osankhidwa amakoka, chotsani namsongole, ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, laimu.

Ndiye konzekerani dzenje, monga Alenushka, komanso mitundu ya 3-4 yobiriwira, kutsata ndondomeko yobzala: 5 * 3 m.

Kwa Chitchaina cha Chitchaina maenje apangidwe pang'ono: kuya kwa masentimita 40-50 ndi kukula komweko. Kenaka pali zitsulo ziwiri za manyowa abwino, hafu ya ufa wa dolomite, phulusa limodzi ndi 200 g iliyonse ya superphosphate ndi sulfate ya potaziyamu, sakanizani zonse bwinobwino ndikuyika hillock yaing'ono kuchokera pamwamba pa dzenje pakatikati mwa dzenje. Sapling imayikidwa mosamala pa izo ndipo mizu imayikidwa mu nthaka yoyera, yachonde.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, khosi limadulidwa m'nthaka ndi 2-3 masentimita. Mutabzala, mtengo uli wochuluka (40-50 l) ndipo umathirira ndi kuthira phando. Pofuna kuti mbeu ikhale yabwino kwambiri, mwezi woyamba mutabzala, imathirira madzi ambiri, osalola kuti nthaka iume. Ndiye kuchepetsa kuthirira. Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha makungwa a makungwa, m'nyengo yozizira, mitengo ikuluikulu ya mbande imamangidwa ndi nthambi zowonjezereka.

Chaka chotsatira, kumapeto kwa chaka, Alenushka yambani kudya ndi nayitrogeni feteleza (urea kapena ammonium nitrate). Pa nthawi yomweyi, pangani kudulira. Thunthu lalikulu lafupika, ndipo nthambi zazing'ono zimadulidwa masentimita angapo pansipa pamwamba pake.

M'chilimwe amathera kudya, osachepera 2. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuthetsa phosphorous-feteleza feteleza ndi kuwonjezera phulusa laling'ono. Kuwonjezera apo, onetsetsani kuti nthawi zonse mumeta udzu, kumasula ndi kuthirira nthaka. Mu nyengo youma ndi yotentha, madzi ndi ochuluka komanso amodzi.

Kumapeto kwa nyengo, mitengo imakhala ikukonzekera kukonzekera ku chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, komanso amayang'anitsitsa korona ndikudula nthambi zonse za matenda ndi mazira.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Sakani Alyonushka Ndi mokwanira kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ngati kleasterospiosis ndi moniliosis. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse sizimakhudzidwa ndi matenda ena a fungalomu. Komabe, chaka chilichonse amavutika ndi kuukira maula aphid.

Tizilombo tochepa koma koopsa timadya masamba ndi mphukira. Mutha kuchipeza pansi pamunsi pa pepala. Masamba okhudzidwa amasintha mofulumira kutembenuka, kofiira ndi owuma, ndipo mtengo umakhala wofooka ndipo umasiya kukula.

Aphid hibernates mu makungwa a nthambi zazikulu, pafupi ndi masamba ndipo amavomeredwa kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, mu Meyi. Choncho, ndi kofunika kwambiri kukwaniritsa mtengo wa mtengo pasadakhale, masamba asanamveke.

Choyamba, chotsani makungwa akale, masamba owuma ndi nthambi, phulani udzu ndi kumasula nthaka kuzungulira thunthu. Kenaka perekani mosamala mtengo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (mwachitsanzo, Iskra).

Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochizira: yankho la sopo, kulowetsedwa kwa masamba a mbatata kapena fodya ndi Kuwonjezera kwa laimu. Thandizani kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba anyezi kapena adyo decoction, kulowetsedwa kwa mankhwala chamomile kapena chitsamba chowawa.

M'dzinja, masamba atatsika, mukhoza kutsuka mazira ndi njira yowonjezera ya urea ndikuonetsetsa kuti mandimu imayambira.

Kusamalira maula a Chitchaina si chinthu chachikulu. Ngati m'kupita kwanthawi kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za chisamaliro ndi chitetezo cha mbeu, n'zotheka kuonetsetsa kuti mukolola zipatso zabwino zokoma komanso zathanzi.

Sakani Alyonushka ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu zoyenera:

• mkulu;
• zokolola zabwino;
• kukula kwake ndi kukongoletsa kwa mtengo;
• zipatso zazikulu;
• kukoma ndi kuoneka kwa zipatso;
• kukana kleasterospioz ndi moniliosis.

Kuipa:

• kudzikonda;
• Amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.

Chinese plum zosiyanasiyana Alenushka okonzeka kukula mu nyumba yawo ya chilimwe. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri pakati pa latitudes.

Amakula bwino m'munda wamaluwa, ndipo mosamala, akhoza kukhala chokongola chenicheni cha munda uliwonse.