Pankhani ya kulima komanso ntchito yake

Kuti muwononge udzu, kuti mupange bwino nthaka, kulima organic ndi mchere feteleza mmenemo, mungagwiritse ntchito njira yodziwika bwino ya kumunda - kumapeto kwa autumn.

Njirayi ikhoza kusintha kwambiri zokolola za mbewu zambewu ndi kuchepetsa zovuta zofunikira kumunda.

Zamkatimu:

• Kodi ndi ntchito yotani yomwe imachita
• Kodi njirayi ikugwirira kuti?
• Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito liti?
• Kulima njira zothandizira kumunda
• Njira zikuluzikulu za nthaka zimasinthira
• Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito

Chifukwa chiyani kulima kumatchedwa autumn

Mtundu uwu wa kukonza (kukulima, kukumba) umachitika mu chilimwe-nthawi yam'mbuyomu, kukonzekera malo oti mutenge kubzala. Kulima kozizira kunadzitcha dzina lake chifukwa chakuti kumachitika kumapeto kwa autumn, pamene dziko lapansi layamba kutentha poyambira kutentha.

Ndikofunikira! Zima zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofesa mbewu za masika, osati nyengo yozizira.

Kodi ndi ntchito yotani yomwe imachita

Zovuta za agrotechnicalzi zimagwira ntchito zofunikira zingapo:

• zimathandiza kuti chiwonongeko cha namsongole, matenda ndi tizirombo;
• kulepheretsa kukula kwa madzi ndi mphepo;
• amagwira feteleza feteleza pansi;
• imapanga zinthu zochepetsera mchere;
• zimathandizira kukulitsa ndikusunga chinyezi ndi zakudya padziko lapansi;
• kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zopindulitsa;
• kumapangitsanso mapangidwe a dothi, kupereka mankhwala wosanjikiza ndi finely lumpy chikhalidwe;
• amatseka zatsalira zotsalira.

Phunzirani zomwe kulima ndikofunikira ndi momwe angalime nthaka ndi kuyenda-kumbuyo thirakitala.

Kodi njirayi ikugwirira kuti?

Kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kumapereka kufalitsa kwake kwakukulu. Kulima kozizira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zolima malo mu ulimi.

Mukudziwa? Mapulala oyambirira anawonekera mu Zakachikwi zachitatu BC. Kwa nthawi yaitali, iwo anali opangidwa ndi matabwa, mpaka ku Roma wakale iwo anapanga kulima nawo magudumu ndi chitsulo ploughshare.

Musagwiritse ntchito njira iyi kokha m'madera ena:

• m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yowawa ndi kuchepa pang'ono (kutentha m'nyengo yozizira kumagwa pansipa -40 ° C);
• pa nthaka yambiri ya mchenga m'madera ouma kwambiri.

M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yovuta, kulima kotereku kungayambitse kuperewera kwa madzi oundana komanso kuundana kwambiri. Ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito polima ulimi wambiri wa madzi kungayambitse leaching yambiri ya saltpeter.

Tikupempha kuti tipeze kuti kulima ndi kukolola kotani kwa nthaka ndi komwe kulima nthaka.

Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito liti?

1. Kulima kozizira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ouma kuti apeze chinyezi m'nthaka.
2. Mu malo okwanira okonzedwa bwino, mankhwala omwe akulima ali ndi zotsatira zosiyana - zimakhala bwino kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndipo zimapangitsa kuti zakudya zowonongeka ndi mpweya zikhale bwino.
3. Njira yothandizirayi imakhala yotheka ngati pangakhale kuipitsidwa kwa minda komanso kufalikira kwa matenda ndi tizilombo to mbeu zaulimi.
4. Kulima kozizira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene kuli kofunikira kuchepetsa mavuto a ntchito ya kumunda kwa kasupe, kupereka chithandizo chambiri chisanayambe kufesa ndikukonzekera kubzala mbewu mwazidziwitso zabwino kwambiri.

Ndikofunikira! Nthawi zambiri kubzala kumadalira chikhalidwe cha nthaka komanso chithunzithunzi cha chikhalidwe. Podzolic, soddy ndi loamy dothi, izi zimachitika pachaka. Mchenga, mchenga wa mkuntho ndi chernozems zimafuna kuti m'dzinja ikhale yolima zaka zitatu zilizonse.

Dzidziwitse nokha ndi mitundu ya nthaka ndi njira zotetezera kubereka.

Kulima njira zothandizira kumunda

Kuwonjezera pa kulima pa se, njira zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera malo oti afesedwe.

Njira zikuluzikulu za nthaka zimasinthira

1. Kugwedeza - ziphuphu za nthaka zikutha.
2. Kukulunga kwadothi - zigawo zapamwamba ndi zazitali zimagwedezeka m'malo, pamsewu, zotsalira za zokolola ndi fetereza zimayikidwa pansi.
3. Kutsegula - chiwerengero cha pores chimawonjezeka, mpweya umatha kuwonjezeka, nthaka yowonongeka pamtunda ndipo mizu ya namsongole ikuwonongedwa.
4. Mavitamini - nthaka particles amavomerezedwa, motero amachepetsa ziphuphu.
5. Kulimbikitsana - kuyamwa kwabwino kumakhala kofanana.
6. Kulima - kukupera nthaka ndi kuwonongeka kwa namsongole.
7. Kutaya - dothi limaphwanya ndi kumasula, limatembenuka pang'ono ndikusakanikirana.
8. Kusuta - kuphulika kwa harrow kunaphwanya dothi la nthaka ndikuyendera mbali yake.
9. Kupukuta - oyendetsa mpukutuwo akupanga dothi la pamwamba, kuti likhale losalala, liphwanyika.

Mukudziwa? Kuti maonekedwe a centimita imodzi ya nthaka yachonde imatenga pafupifupi zaka 1000.

Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito

Njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zyabi

1. Chisel processing - Njira imeneyi ikuphatikizapo kumasulidwa kwa dziko popanda kutembenuka ndi mapangidwe a njira za madzi.
2. Njira yopanda ntchito - Zotsalira za mbewu zimakhalabe pamwamba; Zigawo za nthaka zimasulidwa, koma zimakhalabe m'malo.
3. Njira yotaya - pali kusanganikirana panthawi imodzi, kumasula ndi kutembenuza nthaka yakuda.
4. Kulima - Zotsalira za zomera zimabisidwa pansi, zomwe zimagawidwa. Pa nthawi yomweyo feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
5. Kukonzekera kwakukulu - Zimakhudza kwambiri nthaka: Kusintha madzi ndi kusinthanitsa mpweya, kumathandiza kupewa kutentha kwa nthaka. Kukonzekera kwakukulu sikungagwiritsidwe kokha m'dzinja, komanso m'chaka, musanafese.

Phunzirani momwe mungakumbire nthaka m'munda.

Zambiri za agrotechnicalzi zinali zofunikira kwambiri pa ulimi wa Soviet Union. Masiku ano, kukonzanso ntchito yolima sikunathenso kufunikira kwake ndipo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi njira zamakono zowonjezera zizindikiro za khalidwe la nthaka ndi kukulitsa zokolola.