Irises ndi zokongoletsera zowala zamabedi ambiri maluwa. Pakati wamaluwa, ndizofunikira komanso zotchuka. Pazonse, pali mitundu yopitilira 800. Chifukwa chake, kusankha kumakhala kovuta. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi Japan ndi ndevu. Iris ndi mbewu za chitsamba. Kwambiri zosavuta kusamalira. Mukulima, chinthu chachikulu ndikupanga kudulira mutayamba maluwa ndikusintha nthawi. Nthawi zambiri, maluwa amakumana mitundu ingapo ya kukonzedwa. Kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani mutasintha maluwa? Kusamalira mtsogolo? Zambiri pansipa m'nkhaniyi.
Irises ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri. Amakongoletsa mabedi a maluwa, koma nthawi yomweyo amafunika maluwa atatha maluwa. Mwachitsanzo, maluwa ndi thunthu zimayenera kuchotsedwa. Komabe, muyenera kusamala ndi masamba odulira kuti musavulaze mizu.
Irises
Kuchotsa maluwa, masamba ndi masamba
M'nyengo yamasika ndi chilimwe, maluwa amayenera kudulira. Kuti tichotse mbali zouma zam'munda, timalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapaderadera. Mwachitsanzo, kudulira mitengo kapena lumo wokhala ndi masamba. Chifukwa chodulira kwambiri, mbewuyo imatha kuwonongeka kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, kuti muchotse maluwa osachedwa, muyenera kudulira matabwana. Makamaka: dulani cholandirira ndi Mphukira. Nthawi yomweyo, akubwerera 2 masentimita kuchokera pa masamba osankhidwa. Tsinde likazimiririka, liyenera kudulidwa kutalikirana masentimita awiri kuchokera pansi. Mabasi a maluwa owuma ayenera kufufuzidwa kamodzi pa sabata. Izi ndizokwanira.
Zofunika! Masamba osasweka sangadulidwe.
Kenako pakubwera funso la kuchotsa masamba. Sayenera kuchotsedwa. Amadziunjikira ndikuyendetsa michere, komanso mphamvu ya dzuwa kufikira mizu. Izi ndizothandiza makamaka nyengo yachisanu. Makamaka, masamba amathandizira kuti pakhale maluwa mabedi a maluwa, amasewera pazodzikongoletsa. Kupatulako ndi mbali zachikasu ndi zouma. Muyenera kuwachotsa.
Monga mukudziwa, ambiri amabala irises pogawa ma rhizomes. Iyi si njira yokhayo. Mmera siwotchuka kwambiri. Maluwa atakwanira, muyenera kusankha bud imodzi ndikudikirira. Pakucha, nthawi ndiyofunikira.
Mbewu
Kusonkhanitsa ndi kumera
Pakapita nthawi, kusinthika kumalizidwa. Chotsatira, simuyenera kunyalanyaza njira yotsegulira ovule. Nyamula mbewu. Kupanda kutero, mbewuyo imataya yokha.
Tcherani khutu! Nthawi zambiri, iris, yemwe wakula kuchokera kumbewu, alibe zonsezo mwa kholo. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuti mitundu ya ma petals ikhale yosiyana.
Lamulo lalikulu mukamamera mbewu ndikusunga kutentha. Iyenera kukhala yocheperako. Malo omwe mphukira zamtsogolo zili. Musanabzale, ndibwino kuti mbeu zisazizidwe, kenako ndikunyira kwa masiku awiri m'madzi.
Maluwa monga maluwa a irises amafunika chisamaliro pambuyo maluwa. Ndi chizolowezi chake, maluwa amakondweretsa. Funso limodzi lodziwika bwino ndi njira yokonza phula. Kodi ndizofunikira? Kangati? Zili bwanji? Liti?
Kodi ndiyenera kuyesa kuzimiririka
Irises anazimiririka, choti achite nawo, kwenikweni ndi anthu ochepa omwe akudziwa.
Kupatula apo, ili ndi funso wamba lomwe limazunza wamaluwa. Yankho lake ndi losavuta: muyenera kudula chomera. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi kusasinthika kwa mbewu, zomwe zimayamba kutha posachedwa. Njirayi imatchedwa kudzala. Ngati izi sizingongole, ndiye kuti chiwembucho chidzazirala ndi mitundu. Kenako kukongola konse kutaya tanthauzo.
Zofunika! Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kudula masamba owuma ndi osalala. Amangoyipa mawonekedwe okongola a maluwa. Kuphatikiza apo, amawononga mphamvu zambiri.
Masamba a Iris ndi gawo lofunikira la mbewu. Amasungira mchere wambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, amagwira ntchito ngati nsalu yopatsirana. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mpweya zimalowa mchomera. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri samalimbikitsa kuti azidula mchilimwe. Popanda iwo, duwa adzavutika ndipo mwina adzauma. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yodulira ndi yophukira, milungu ingapo chisanachitike chisanu.
Kudulira kwa tsamba la Iris
Kodi kudulira irises ndi nthawi yophukira
Inde, mukuyeneranso kudziwa nthawi yanji kuti mudule irises.
Gawo loyamba ndikuzindikira kuti m'derali muli nthawi yanji yophukira. Nthawi yodula zimatengera izi. Nthawi zambiri njirayi imagwera pakati - kumapeto kwa Okutobala.
Uwu ndi muyeso womwe mbewuyo imafunikira, chifukwa ngati sichichitidwa, tizilombo kapena tizirombo timayala mphutsi ndi mazira. Ndipo nthawi yophukira bedi la maluwa limakhala losauka. Masamba odulira amalangizidwa mu mawonekedwe a chulu kuti madzi asadziunjike. Kupanda kutero, nkhungu imatha kuoneka, mwachitsanzo, pachimake wamba - mtundu wina wa nkhungu, womwe umayatsidwa ndi duwa lobiriwira.
Mitundu ina imalimbikitsa kudulira m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Zimatengera nyengo yomwe mbewuyo ili komanso zofunikira zapadera. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ambiri amakonda kudziwa kuti adzadula liti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa at maluwa.
- Zachilendo. Kuchotsa masamba pakati pazomera zonse. Chokonda mu Ogasiti.
- Wopusa. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba onse.
- Rhizome. Kuchepetsa pokhapokha ngati pakufunika, mwachitsanzo, magawo achikasu ndi owuma.
Irises amayankha bwino feteleza. Pambuyo poyambira, amalima bwino kwambiri. Chiwopsezo cha matenda chimachepa. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kusankha bwino organic ndi zinthu zopanda pake. Mwachitsanzo, mbewuzi zimayankha bwino feteleza wa potashi, komanso feteleza wa phosphorous. Ndikofunikira kudyetsa maluwa mabedi nthawi. Kwa chaka choyenera kupanga zovala 3 zapamwamba: 2 mchaka cha 1 ndi 1 pakugwa.
Zofunika! Z feteleza zonse zimayikidwa isanayambike chisanu.
Mitundu ya feteleza wobiriwira maluwa maluwa chaka chamawa
Kupitilira apo, ndi mitundu yanji ya feteleza yomwe muyenera kuyambitsa ma irises, kutengera nyengo, za muyeso ndi zosowa zawo.
Wopanda manyowa
Amabweretsedwa masabata atatu pambuyo maluwa. Potere, duwa lili kale m'malo otetezeka. Ndiye pali kukula kwa mizu yachinyamata, chifukwa chake kuvala kwapamwamba panthawiyi ndikofunikira.
Feteleza irises
Kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, mabedi amaluwa amakhala ndi umuna wothandizidwa ndi potaziyamu-phosphorous. Onetsetsani kuti mwawerengera 3: 2. Mavalidwe ena apamwamba amafunikiranso: mchere wa potaziyamu, superphosphate, zina zowonjezera zama organic. Kwa 1 m², 55 g wa superphosphate ndi 25 g mchere ndi ofunika. Ndikofunika kuti musaiwale za kuchuluka, kuti muzitsatira.
Tcherani khutu! Ndi zoletsedwa kudyetsa irises ndi manyowa atsopano, chifukwa izi zimadzetsa mawonekedwe a bowa, mabakiteriya ena owopsa ndi matenda, chifukwa chomwe duwa silidzalandira zinthu zofunika. Mwazovuta kwambiri, humus ndi yoyenera. Zikhala ndi phindu pachikhalidwe. Ayenera kuyamba kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi. Gawo: 1 makilogalamu a manyowa pa malita 10 a madzi.
Feteleza pamwambapa sichitha kupulumutsa tizirombo. Pankhaniyi, ndikokwanira kungomwaza maluwa ndi maluwa a Bordeaux. Chifukwa chake adzatetezedwa kufikira nthawi yamasika.
Zofunika! Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mosamala kudzakuthandizani kupewa zinthu zomvetsa chisoni, kuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa ma virus, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi mabakiteriya.
Feteleza wa masika
Chapakatikati, kukula kwamphamvu kumachitika. Kuti tifulumizane komanso kuisamalira ndikofunika kuyambitsa feteleza.
Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika nthawi yozizira ikayamba chisanu kusungunuka. Ndikofunikira kuphatikiza feteleza wa potaziyamu-phosphorous komanso feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Mankhwala othandizira a nayitrogeni amafunikira makamaka koyambirira kwa nthawi. Komabe, akulimbikitsidwa kuti azithandizidwa pasanadutse mwezi wa Julayi. Kusowa kwawo ndikuti mbewu ikule, kupatsidwa mphamvu, komanso kukonzekera pang'onopang'ono kubereka. Koma apa kuchuluka kwake kumasiyana pang'ono ndikupanga 2: 3: 2,5. Chachikulu ndichakuti asamalembe duwa maluwa, apo ayi, nthawi yakucha ya zinthu zam'mimba idzabwera - kutopa. Kwa maluwa, izi zimakhala ndi zotsatira.
Zambiri! Ma feteleza a Phosphate ali ndi malo oti dothi litenthe bwino. Kupanda kutero, izi zidzatsogolera kukuchokera kwa zinthu, ndipo mtsogolo - poizoni nthaka ndi udzu.
Kuti atetezedwe mwapadera ndi tizilombo komanso tizirombo tina toopsa, olimiwo amalimbikitsa kudzaza dothi ndi phulusa. Kumwa ndi 2 tbsp. zikuni pa maluwa.
Iris rhizomes
Kwa mbewu izi, kukhala moyenera ndikugawika ndikofunikira. Koma kodi cholinga choti munthu amafunsa ndi chiyani? Maluwa awa amatha kukula modekha m'malo amodzi kwa zaka 4-5. Kenako mizu imakula kwambiri mpaka kumadzaza m'nthaka. Mabedi amaluwa amayamba kuzirala, pafupifupi osatulutsa. Pali kuchepa kwambiri kwa mchere ndi michere. Inde, pali mbewu zomwe zimatha kukula mpaka zaka 10 m'malo amodzi. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi ma irises a ku Siberia. Komabe, ambiri samasinthidwa mikhalidwe yotere, chifukwa chake, kufalikira kumatenga gawo lofunikira mu iris.
Kugulitsa irises mu kugwa
Njira imodzi yothamanga ndikusinthanitsa ndi dothi, koma pali zina pamenepa. Ntchito ngati izi zidzachitika ndi maluwa achichepere okha, popeza mizu yawo sinakhale nayo nthawi yoti ikule.
Zambiri! Koma ndi zazikulu mbewu izi sizigwira ntchito, mutha kungowononga mizu mukakumba. Pofuna kuti musakumane ndi vuto lotereli, ndikofunikira kuti muwonenso momwe mungazindikire mizu isanakwane.
Kuphatikizika kwamizu ndi stepi:
- Kumbani chitsamba kwathunthu, ndikuchichita mosamala popanda kuwononga mizu.
- Chotsani mizu ya chitsamba pansi. Kenako gawani pang'onopang'ono m'magulu akulu.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zakuthwa kuti mulekanitse mizu (mpaka ulalo umodzi kapena ziwiri zophatikizika).
- Magawo okalamba kwambiri kapena owola pachilumbacho ayenera kuduladula.
- Sanjani mizu yakuda (monga chomaliza chadulidwa).
- Gwiritsani gawo lomaliza la chitsamba mu fungicide. Njira yothetsera njere iyi imatha kufafaniza pansi matenda.
- Dulani masamba (kutalika kwa 15 cm). Makonda mu mawonekedwe a fan.
- Ikani chomera mu dothi.
Irises kugwa
Izi si zonse. Wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuti mudziwe bwino za kubzala muzu:
- Pukuta mizu yochiritsidwa. Yodziwika masiku angapo asanafike.
- Mutha kuuchotsa chikhalidwechi mukangoyamba maluwa. Sizitengera nthawi ya chaka. Izi makamaka ndichilimwe komanso mwezi woyamba wa autumn. Pakadali pano, mizu imakhala yolimbitsa kale.
Kwambiri, maluwa monga irises ndi oyenera dothi lomwe limakhala ndi dongo pang'ono ndi mchenga (loam). Clay imanyowetsa bwino mawonekedwe, mchenga umathandizira ndikuwonjezera kukongola. Kuphatikiza kupepuka, kuwonjezera peat kumakhalanso koyenera.
Koma za malowa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizikhala pabwino komanso kotentha. Irises sakonda mthunzi.
Zofunika! Irises amadzimva bwino m'mundamu, pamalopo, koma pano sangazike mizu m'nyumba yamzindawu. Muli zinthu zosiyana kwambiri.
Ikatsika, tsamba liyenera kukonzedwa. Irises ayenera kubzala pamtunda wochepa. Sangabzalidwe m'maenje. Mphepete mwa patsekeke uyenera kutuluka 5 mm. Amachita izi kuti atenthedwe bwino ndipo osavunda. Ichi ndiye chinsinsi cha impso zamtsogolo mtsogolo.
Kukonzekera kubzala iris panja
Mukawerenga izi pamwambapa, zimawonekeratu kuti nthawi zambiri zipatso zamtunduwu zimasinthidwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Momwe mungakonzekerere dothi lakale komanso duwa lokha?
Maluwa ayenera kudulidwa mosamala. Monga tanenera, kamodzi pa sabata.
Zofunika! Mwezi usanachitike kumuyika, ndikofunikira kusiya kudyetsa.
Feteleza ayenera kulowetsedwa pang'onopang'ono m'nthaka. Mwachitsanzo, phulusa (magalasi awiri), chidebe cha humus, superphosphate (pafupifupi theka lagalasi) ndi chidebe chamchenga. Kenako, kukuta chilichonse. Madzi nthawi ndi nthawi. Dothi lotereli limakhala maziko abwino a maluwa atsopano az maluwa.
Dothi la iris
Kukonzekera maenje a irises
Akufunika kukumba dzenje. Bowo lizikhala laulere, lalikulupo pang'ono kuposa phokoso. Pambuyo kuthira mchenga pang'ono pansi. Ikani mbewuyo mkati. Fatsani mizu mosamala.
Pakati pa tchire muyenera kuwona mtunda. Iyenera kukhala osachepera 30 cm.Moyenera, masentimita 50. Chifukwa chake, maluwawo sangasokonezane. Kenako maluwa okhazikika amayenera kukwezedwa pang'ono. Kupatula apo, ma irises amalangizidwa kuti akule pamtunda.
Ndikofunikira kukumba bedi lalikulu masentimita 80. Amaloledwa kukumba ochepa, koma onani mtunda pakati pawo. Kenako, tengani chingwecho ndikupanga lingaliro lalitali ndi bowo laling'ono pakati. Ndiye kuthira madzi, lolani kuti ilowerere.
Chotsatira, muyenera kuwerengera nthawi yomwe maluwawa amathera m'ma crests. Ngati ndi zaka 1-2, mutha kusiya malo pakati pazomera 20-25-25 ngati mukukonzekera nthawi yayitali, mtunda umachulukana. Popeza ma irises adzafunika dera lalikulu ndi kukula kwa mizu.
Mawonekedwe
Tsopano pali njira zambiri zoyang'anira. Nawo ndi oyenera kwambiri kwa ma irises. Onetsetsani kuti mukuganizira mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kake, osayiwala kuti kukula kwawo kumakula.
- "Chess". Tanthauzo la mpandawo ndikuti muyenera kubzala maluwa mosiyanasiyana, kukhala osachepera 40-50 cm.
- "Pambuyo". Chofunikira ndikuti maluwa onse amabzalidwa mbali imodzi, ndikupanga mawonekedwe okongola ndi masamba. Mtunda ndi 30-45 cm.
- "Mozungulira." Zomera zobzalidwa mozungulira. Mtunda wofunikira ndi masentimita 30 okha.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso chisamaliro, maulalo amatha kupanga mawonekedwe ochulukirapo mu maluwa. Amawoneka owala komanso osavuta.
Tcherani khutu! Ndi ndondomeko yoyenera, kubzala kumalumikizana bwino ndi ma poppies, maluwa, peonies ndi zitsamba zokongoletsera. Nyumba yanyumba mosakayikira idzasinthidwa pamaso pawo.
Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukumba dzenje losaya. Thirani mchenga wambiri. Timafunikira kuti nthaka ikhale yopepuka. Kenako ikani chomeracho, ndikuwaza ndi lapansi. Pambuyo kuthilira pang'ono. Pakadutsa milungu iwiri yotsatira, madzi kamodzi masiku anayi. Njira zowola siziyenera kuloledwa chifukwa chinyezi zochulukirapo.
Mutatha zaka zisanu zilizonse. Manyowa katatu pachaka.
Zomera zobzalidwa zizikhala zokulungidwa ndi peat kapena wamba lapansi. Izi zichitike pokhapokha kutentha kwa madigiri 4-5 C pamaso pa chisanu choyamba. M'malo ozizira kwambiri kapena nyengo yachisanu yopanda chipale, kumakhala kofunikira kuphimba maluwa. Mwachitsanzo, nthambi zouma zouma zouma kapena masamba ndi abwino.
Chachikulu ndikutsegulira mwayi kuti mupeze mpweya wabwino mu nthawi ya chisanu ikasungunuka, mbewuzo zikafika gawo lokangalika.
Chifukwa chake, chikhalidwe ichi sichosangalatsa, sichifunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Komabe, kuti duwa la maluwa likhale lokongola kwambiri, malamulo ena ayenera kuyang'aniridwa. Kenako maluwa amasangalatsa mobwerezabwereza.
