Mitengo yopanda nzeru ya mtunduwu imakhala yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimi, amakopeka ndi kukongoletsa kwawo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera, zosavuta kulima ndi kusamalira.
Zamoyo zazing'onozi zimachokera ku Central ndi South America. Iwo ali a banja la tsabola.
Imodzi mwa mitundu yoikonda ndi yoyambirira ikhoza kutchedwa peperomia wrinkled (makwinya), imadziwikanso ngati desert privet.
Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi
Kuwonekera ndi Peperemia "Yowola" ingapezeke mu chithunzi:
Mankhwalawa amadziwika (lat. Peperomia caperata) ali ndi masamba achilengedwe amdima wamba (monga maonekedwe a chirengedwe), ngati kuti ali ndi makina aakulu a makwinya, omwe amawapatsa mpumulo. Pansi pali velvety. M'mphepete mwa mitsempha, mthunzi umatembenuka bulauni.
Masambawa ndi ochepa, amaoneka ngati a mtima, amakhala pamtunda wa pinkish petioles, ali pafupi, wina ndi mzake, masango awo amawoneka ngati mbale kapena zitsulo. La lamina ndi minofu, ngati tsinde, ili ndi madzi. Mbali imeneyi ndi chifukwa chakuti m'madera otentha a m'madera otentha, operewera ndi chomera cha epiphyte.
Thandizo: Epiphytes ndi zomera zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zitsamba ndi mitengo monga chithandizo, izi zimawapatsa mwayi woti akhale pafupi ndi magetsi. Kaŵirikaŵiri sizimangiriridwa pansi, chinyezi chimapezeka mlengalenga ndi mvula (mvula ndi ubweya).
Mofanana ndi mitundu ina yowonongeka, chomeracho chili ndi kukula kwake, mpaka kufika pa masentimita 10. Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake cha epiphytic, chimakhala ndi mizu yosauka bwino, yomwe imakhala ndi miyendo yam'mimba kapena yautali yambiri.
Tsopano mitundu yambiri imachokera ku mtundu wa chilengedwe wowonongeka, womwe unadziwika ndikufotokozedwa mu 1958. Kuchokera ku mawonekedwe oyambirira, amasiyana mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba, kuyambira wofiira kupita ku burgundy. Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala yofiira, pinki, yoyera ndi yobiriwira.
Zimatuluka m'chilimwe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yofiira pamwamba pa masamba. Zipaka zoyera, zosiyana ndi masamba. Palibe fungo la maluwa.
Kusamalira kwanu
Kusamala mutagula
Mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana iyenera kukhala ndi maonekedwe okongoletsa pamasamba, zosavuta zikhale ndi mtundu wolemera wofanana ndi zosiyana siyana.
Onetsetsanikuti masamba ndi zimayambira ndizowonongeka, pamunsi palibe zowola. Apo ayi zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kupulumutsa chomera chomwe chinagulidwa.
Zomwe zimasamalidwa zimadalira nthawi yomwe mudagula chomeracho:
Ngati m'nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti sikoyenera kuigwira mpaka kumapeto kwa February - kumayambiriro kwa March. Ngakhale kuti perperomia ilibe mpumulo, imatha kupirira nyengo yozizira ndikufa.
Mu kugwa, nanunso, muyenera kusamala ndi kuziika ngati mbewu yayamba kwambiri mumphika wakale. Ndiye samusamalireni iye molingana ndi zomwe ziri pansipa.
Ngati muli ndi peperomia masika kapena chilimwe (makamaka), zonse ndi zophweka. Zitha kuikidwa pomwe mutagula, koma ngati chomera chikuwoneka bwino.
Ngati simukutero, muyenera kuyembekezera mpaka nthawi yomwe mukuyendetsa bwino ndipo duwa limakula. Pambuyo pazimenezi ndizotheka kuziika.
Onetsetsani kuti muchotse mosamala zitsamba zonse zouma ndi masamba, pamene zisokoneza kukula kwa mbeu. Ngati ndi kotheka kusamba masamba nsalu yonyowa bwino
Kupatula: mitundu yomwe ili ndi tsamba lamasamba, imatha kuonongeka mosavuta.
Sangathe Nthawi yomweyo atabwera kuchokera ku sitolo kukaika chomera chowala, ndi bwino kuchiyika mthunzi. Ndithudi uko kunali kusowa kuyatsa, ndipo dontho lakuthwa chotero lingakhoze kuvulaza.
Mwa kuthirira - fufuzani nthaka, ngati yowuma kwambiri, madzi ndi madzi okhazikika.
Tikufika
Popeza m'chilengedwe, peperomia ndi epiphytes, sangathe kukulira osati miphika, komanso hydroponics.
Thandizo: Hydroponics ndi njira yapadera yopangira zomera pamene sing'anga, mpweya, madzi kapena olimba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mmalo mwa nthaka. Mwachitsanzo, moshi wa sphagnum, udothi wowonjezera, wosweka. Izi ziyenera kukhala zosalekeza ndi njira yothetsera madzi ndi miyala ya mchere yokwanira mtengo wina, komanso kuti mizu ikhale yodzaza ndi mpweya.
Mukamabzala m'nthaka, m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti peperium siinayambe mizu ndipo imakhala yosavomerezeka ndi nthaka. Ndi bwino kupanga chisakanizo cha pepala, nthaka ya sod, peat ndi mchenga, mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1: 1: 1. Mutha kuwonjezera moss, turf m'malo humus, komanso kuchita popanda peat. Kusakaniza kuyenera kukhala kotayirira ndi kupuma.
Sitiyenera chakudya m'nyengo yozizira ndipo mwamsanga mutatha kuziika (palibe kale kuposa masabata awiri kenako). Nthawi zina - kawiri pamwezi, feteleza ovuta kupanga zokongoletsera zomera. Mlingo - onjezerani madzi ochuluka kawiri pa mlingo woyenera.
Kuwaza
Mpaka zaka zitatu, chomeracho chimafuna kuyika chaka ndi chaka, ndiye - kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri, monga kukula kumachepetsa. Koma muyenera kuwona ngati mizu ikutuluka mumabowo otentha, pamutu uwu ndikuyenera.
Kusindikizidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo, chifukwa izi zimatenga mphika wosazama - mbale, yomwe ili ndi masentimita awiri mpaka atatu kusiyana ndi yakale. Dothi losanjikiza (dothi, njerwa yosweka, makala), mpaka masentimita asanu ndi limodzi, amaikidwa pansi. Ikani chomera pakati, ndizaza ndi dziko lapansi ndikuchifungira pang'ono. Ikani mthunzi waung'ono, tsanulirani.
Kudulira
Mukhoza kutsitsa mapesi aatali kwambiri, ndiye chomera chimapereka mphukira ndikupanga chovala chabwino.
Patapita nthawi muyenera kudula mphukira zowuma.
Kuthirira
Popeza chomerachi ndi cha anthu odyetsa bwino, mwachitsanzo, chimasungira madzi mu zimayambira ndi masamba, kutsirira kumafuna kukhala kosavuta. M'chaka ndi chilimwe, panthawi ya kukula mwakhama, madzi nthawi zambiri, kufufuza momwe nthaka ilili ndi chala kapena chizindikiro chapadera. M'nyengo yozizira, simungathe kumwa madzi kapena madzi kamodzi pa mwezi, ngati masamba akugwa.
Madzi amatengedwa kokha, kutentha pang'ono kuposa kutentha kwa firiji. Ndibwino kuti mumwanike poto.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Monga chomera chozizira, kupopera mbewu ya peperomia kudzakhala kopindulitsa. M'miyezi ya chilimwe kangapo pa sabata, zomwezo ndi nyengo yotentha m'nyengo yozizira. Kuti muchite izi, tengani madzi ozizira otentha. Kupatulapo - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera. N'zotheka kuyika chidebe ndi miyala yozungulira yomwe ili pafupi kapena m'malo mwake.
Kutentha
Peperomia yowonongeka, komanso mitundu ina, ndi ya zomera zowononga.
M'nyengo yozizira kutentha kumafunika kusungidwa osati pansi pa 16 °, mulingo woyenera - mpaka 23 °, mwinamwake masamba adzasanduka chikasu ndi kugwa.
Poyamba nyengo yachilimwe imakula bwino pa 22 - 25 °, ikhoza kuikidwa pa loggia kapena khonde. Koma ziyenera kutetezedwa ku zojambula ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha.
Kuunikira
Zosiyanasiyana ndi masamba amdima wobiriwira kukula bwino mumthunzi wache, kumadzulo kapena kumpoto madiwindo. Ngati kulibe kotheka, muyenera kutengapo chomera kapena kuziyika pawindo.
Mitundu ya variegated Amafuna kuwala kowala kwambiri, amaikidwa pa mawindo akummawa ndi akumwera. Koma simungakhoze kuika dzuwa, dzuwa lidzatentha!
M'nyengo yozizira, mitundu yonse imafunikira kuunikira kwina ndi nyali zapadera, mwinamwake petioles adzasokonezeka kwambiri, ndipo masamba a variegated adzakhala ochepa ndi osadziwika.
Kuswana
Yambani peperomia mwanjira iliyonse yomwe mukusowa kumapeto.
- Makhalidwe a Leaf. Tsamba lakale lidadulidwa ndi mpeni, kusiya petiole pafupifupi masentimita asanu, kuikidwa m'madzi musanayambe kuoneka mizu, kapena nthawi yomweyo imakanikizidwa mumtsinje (1: 1) ndi mchenga (1: 1), wokhala ndi ufa wambiri. Lembani pepala pambali yoyenera. Phimbani ndi polyethylene kapena mupange wowonjezera kutentha. Ikani malo okongola, masiku awiri alionse osakanizidwa ndi kupopera mbewu, dothi loletsa kutseka. Pamene mabotolo amaoneka (pambuyo pa 1 - 1, miyezi isanu), amafalikira ku nthaka yokonzedweratu (zolembedwa pamwambapa).
- Tsinde la cuttings. Dulani zidutswazo ndi mapawiri awiri a masamba, kukulitsa kuti node ya pansi ikhale pamwamba pa nthaka. Kenaka zonse zimachitidwa mofanana ndi nthawi yomwe imatulutsa tsamba. Kutentha kumafunika kukhala pafupi 25º.
- Mulu wa masamba. Zowonongeka ndi rosettes.
- Kugawa chitsamba. Pamene chitsamba chikukula kwambiri, ndi bwino kugawanika muzochitika zingapo zatsopano za mbeu kuti mphukira zazing'ono zikuwoneke. Chitani ichi pamene mukulumikiza. Dulani mosiyana kwambiri kuti musamawononge mizu. Phika ayenera kutengedwa pang'ono pokha kuposa kale lomwe (onani "Chomera").
- Mbewu. Pambuyo maluwa a peperomia, mbeu zipse. Amasonkhanitsidwa ndikufesedwa kasupe mu chisakanizo chofotokozedwa kuti rooting pepala. Iwo amatenga mbale iyi, ndiye amapanga wowonjezera kutentha ndikudikirira mphukira. Kuikidwa mu bokosi limodzi, pamene padzakhala masamba awiri awiri, pamene nthaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito chimodzimodzi. Pamene mbande zimakhala zolimba, zimayikidwa mu miphika yosiyana ndi peperium nthaka ndikuyang'anira ngati akuluakulu.
Pindulani ndi Phindu Lothandiza
Kuwonjezera pa zokongoletsera zokongola za nyumbayo, zomera zimatha kuyeretsa mpweya chifukwa chakuti zimatulutsa zinthu zapadera - phytoncides, zomwe zimapha mabakiteriya ambiri.
Ngati kawirikawiri mumakhala ozizira, kupweteka kwa makwinya kumakupangitsani bwino!
Zimakhulupirira kuti zimapindulitsa pa chimbudzi ndi ndulu.
Samalani! Pali mitundu ina yowonongeka yomwe imatha kuyeretsa mlengalenga, mwachitsanzo, Peperomia ndi yochuluka.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Chifukwa chowonongeka zingakhudzidwe kokha tizirombo (kangaude, thrips, mealybug) ndi kupatsira mbewu zina.
Ndikofunika nthawi zonse kufufuza zomera ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, muzitsatira.
Pochita izi, gwiritsani ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (thrips), sopo yankho (kangaude) komanso mowa (mealybug). Chitani chomera chonsecho. Panthawi imeneyi, m'pofunika kupatula peperomia ya mitundu ina.
Potsatira izi matendamonga mizu yovunda, yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi matenda a fungal.
Zimapezeka pamene mukudwalitsa kwambiri, mungathe kupulumutsa pokhapokha mutayambitsanso mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Ikhoza kulangizidwa kuti ikule wrinkled peperomia ngakhale kumayambiriro, ngati zikhalidwe zonse ndi agrotechnics zafotokozedwa ndi ife, zikukondweretsani inu ndi kukongola kwake kokongola!
