Dongosolo la maluwa otentha obzalidwa m'minda ndi pazenera sill, ginura, amasulira "mkazi wokhala ndi mchira." Zonse ndi za mawonekedwe osangalatsa a masamba: kwambiri amafanana ndi sitima yovala zovala zamadzulo. Dzina lachiwiri wamba ndi mbalame yabuluu. Anapatsidwa utoto wofiirira kapena wamtambo wamtambo. Ana nthawi zina amamutcha kuti ng'ona chifukwa cha masamba obisika.
Ginura - duwa lochokera ku Asia ndi Africa, ndi membala wa mabanja angapo a Asteraceae (Astrovaceae). Ana ake amatuluka ndikukula, kenako nkugwa. Ndikosavuta kuwapatsa mawonekedwe omwe amafunikira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zojambula zamaluwa zaluso - zingwe, pergolas, etc. Quadrangular zimayambira mpaka 1 mita kutalika. Kuwala kwa masamba kungakhale kwofiirira, lilac, komanso kofiirira komanso kwamtambo.
Ginura
Nthambi zimayamba kupeza njira zina, chifukwa chitsamba chimakhala chowoneka bwino. Makatani ozungulira kapena mawonekedwe opindika atatu amakula pamtunda wamtunda wamtundu umodzi motsatizana. Mizu yake imakhala ndi masamba akulu kwambiri (mpaka 20 cm kutalika), ndipo mpaka kumapeto kwa mphukira ndi ochepa kwambiri. M'mphepete mwa tsamba lamalambidwe mumatha kulumikizidwa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi velvety. Mbali yolakwika nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiyira.
Ginura: chisamaliro chakunyumba
M'nyumba, ginur saloledwa kuchita maluwa. Mphamvu zake zokhala ndi inflorescence zimakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa kwambiri, motero zimasiyidwa kuti ziziphulika ndi mpweya wabwino. Nthawi ya maluwa ndiyambira Meyi mpaka Disembala. Ngati pali chakudya chokwanira, ndiye kuti ndondomekoyi ikhoza kukhala chaka chonse.
Mtundu wa corymbose inflorescence umakula pazipangizo zamitengo kapena kuchokera kuzitsamba zamasamba. Maluwa ndi achikaso, ofiirira, lalanje, obiriwira komanso ofiira. Zimatengera michere yambiri kuthengo, komwe kumakhudza kuchepa kwa kukongola kwake. Kuchokera pamaluwa opukutidwa, mabokosi odzaza ndi nthangala zazitali za bulauni amapangidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Duwa ili ndi poizoni, lomwe liyenera kulingaliridwa mukamagwira ntchito nalo, kuvala magolovesi. Muzipinda za ana kuyika miphika ndizosatheka.
Ngati palibe kuwala kosakwanira, ndiye kuti mtundu wake umakhala wotuwa. Dzuwa mwachindunji limatha kuyambitsa kutentha. Zenera zabwino kwambiri zoika mapoto ndizakumadzulo, kummawa. Pazenera lakumwera muyenera kumata zojambulazo pagalasi. M'nyengo yozizira, kukhalabe wokongola kwa chitsamba, kuyatsa kowonjezereka kumafunikira.
Zambiri! Zithunzi kwambiri ndizoluka ndi mitundu.
Kutentha kwabwino pamtunda wa 20-25 ° C. M'miyezi yozizira, mmera umafunika kupumula, motero kutentha kumatsitsidwa mpaka 12-15 ° C. Simalola kukonzekera, koma amafunika kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino tsiku ndi tsiku.
Matenda samakonda kugwira ginur. Chikwangwani choyera pamasamba, komanso ngati namondwe kapena mawanga akuda - izi ndi zizindikiro za chisamaliro chosayenera - kuphwanya lamulo la kutentha, kuthirira. Nthawi zambiri amasankha kuthawa wopanda zizindikiro zosokoneza ndikuwazika mizu, ndipo chomera chodwala chimachotsedwa.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Chinyezi chabwinobwino m'chipinda cha ginur 50-60% ndikwanira, kupopera masamba sikofunikira. Kutsirira kumachitika ndi madzi owiritsa firiji. Kuthirira kochuluka kwambiri kumafunikira m'chilimwe, ndipo m'miyezi yotsala imakhala yochepa kwambiri. Yesani chinyezi chadothi kudzera pallet. Ngati madontho amadzi agwera pamasamba, ndiye kuti amatha kusiya madontho oyipa.
Kutsina, kudulira
Mitundu ya Ampelic imasowa mphukira. Ngati izi sizinachitike, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imasiya ndikukula. Pokhapokha pothandizidwa kuti muchepetse korona wokongola, yemwe, pakakhala kuti sanapangidwe kofunikira, amakula kwambiri komanso osadziwika. Kukhomera malekezero a mphukira wautali kwambiri kumalimbikitsa mapangidwe a njira zina. Dulani nthambi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzika mizu.
Kubalana ndi kupatsirana
Njira yosavuta yopezera duwa laling'ono ndikuzula phesi. Imadulidwa bwino kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena chilimwe, koma September adzatero. Tengani pamwamba pa mphukira ndi masamba ochepa. Shanki imamizidwa mu kapu yamadzi, komwe patatha sabata limodzi mizu yambiri imapangidwa. Anabzala nthawi yomweyo mumphika wokhazikika.
Dziko lapansi limatengedwa ponseponse chifukwa chamaluwa omera maluwa. Mukakonza dothi panu kusakaniza nokha, ndikusakaniza dothi lakuthwa ndi tsamba lofanana, onjezani humus ndikusambitsa mchenga wamtsinje. Kusakaniza kotayirira ndi kupuma kuyenera kuchitika. Pansi pa miphika, dothi lonyowa lamiyala kapena matope okulitsa ayenera kuyala.
Tcherani khutu! Kuika kumachitika pamene mizu imadzaza kwathunthu mphamvu yonse, nthawi zambiri pakatha chaka. Ndikokwanira kusunthira dothi lomwe linali ndi dothi kukhala chiphika chatsopano chophatikizika pang'ono ndikuwonjezera dothi losowa. Poyamba, mbewuyo imathirira madzi ambiri kuti athe kuthandizira kuti ichotseke mu thanki, ndipo ndikangodzisintha imayikidwa masiku angapo mthunzi wocheperako, kusiya osathirira kuti ikwaniritse bwino.
Mapangidwe a ginura kuzungulira Chipilala
Mphukira zazitali zosunthika zimatha kukulira mosavuta pakuthandizira kulikonse. Sali osalimba, chifukwa chake mutha kuchita popanda zida zapadera zoteteza nthambi, koma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito spool wa ulusi wolimba. Chithandizocho chimatha kukhala chamtundu uliwonse, koma mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zitha kupezeka m'mundamo, koma pawindo mutha kukula kakang'ono kwambiri.
Kupotokola ginura Chipilala
Tcherani khutu! Kuphatikizika kwapadera ndikosavuta kupeza m'masitolo apadera, koma mutha kutero nokha ndi ndodo zapulasitiki kapena zamatabwa.
Mavuto wamba pakukula ginura
Duwa lopanda ulemu limatha kutaya kukongola kwake ngati silisamalidwa bwino. Nthawi zambiri, zifukwa ndi izi:
- blancing imayambitsa magetsi osakwanira;
- mphukira zazitali ndi mipata yayikulu pakati pamasamba ndikuwonetsa kuchepa;
- masamba agwa akuwonetsa dothi louma mumphika, chifukwa chosowa chinyezi, amayamba kufota msanga;
- masamba ochepa kwambiri amakula mumthunzi komanso wopanda zakudya.
Poona momwe ginura imafalira mosavuta, amakonda kuisintha nthawi zonse chitsamba chikataya mawonekedwe ake okongoletsa. Koma, ngati pali kufunitsitsa kukulitsa moyo wa duwa, ndiye kuti amagwiritsa ntchito chovala chapamwamba ndi feteleza wophatikiza wam'mera wamaluwa wamaluwa amkati mwa maluwa a gerola.
Maluwa ginura
Masamba amatsegulidwa m'chilimwe. Kuti izi zitheke, duwa limafunikira kuvala kopitilira pamwamba komanso kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi utoto wosiyana ndi masamba, omwe, akakhala nondescript, amapereka chithunzicho kukongola. Chifukwa chake, amasiyidwa m'minda. Koma kunyumba, alimi a maluwa amakonda kuthyola masamba kuti chomera chisawononge mphamvu pakuwononga kukongola kwa masamba, ndipo palibe amene amakonda fungo losasangalatsa. Chifukwa chake, sikuti aliyense anali ndi mwayi wowona momwe maluwa a ginura amawonekera pawindo. Maso osowa.
Mitundu yotchuka
Mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyotchuka kwambiri ku Russia.
Ginura wicker
Chowaka ndi zotupa zotuluka. Amakulidwa mumipika yamaluwa monga maluwa okongoletsera opitilira maluwa. Kutalika, chomera chotere chimatha kufika masentimita 60. Masamba ake ndi ochepa, koma motalika - mpaka 7 cm. Posamalira sizosiyana ndi mitundu ina. Maluwa ake ndi achikaso.
Gynura sarmentosa
Ginura wofiirira
Kuchokera pamitundu ina, mitunduyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wofiirira wamitsempha, mkati mwa masamba ndi mawonekedwe ake. Kuphatikiza ndi zokongoletsera zobiriwira komanso zowoneka bwino zapakhomo zimawoneka zowoneka bwino kwambiri. Masamba adakwera mpaka 10 cm kupindika pang'ono. Tchire laling'ono limakutambasuka, koma pang'onopang'ono nthambi zazitali zimawerama pansi pa kulemera kwawo.
Gynura wofiirira
Ginura Orange
Zoyambira zake zazitali zimafikira mita 1. Masamba ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira komanso m'mphepete ndi mano otenthetsedwa. Ndondomeko ya pubescence nthawi zambiri imakhala lilac kapena violet. Malinga ndi malongosoledwe, maluwa a ginura aurantics ali ofanana kwambiri ndi ma dandelion ndipo ali ndi mtundu wofanana wachikasu ndi lalanje, koma amanunkhira kosasangalatsa.
Gynura aurantica
Tsegulani ginura
Zosiyanazi zakhazikika posachedwa pamazenera aku Russia. Kusintha kusiyanitsa ndi ena onse. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofanananso ndi zokometsera zina zilizonse, mwachitsanzo, pokonzekera masaladi. Mphukira imakula mpaka mita 1. Ali ndi zida zamtengo wapatali zochiritsira.
Gynura procubens
Ginura
Amadziwikanso kuti pseudo-ginseng. Chomera chamuyaya cha anthu ochokera ku China chakhala chikukwera nthawi yayitali. Maluwa amakula pamiyendo italiitali ngati ambulera yobiriwira mpaka 4.5 cm. Sizingatheke kuti zikule pawindo, chifukwa ndizovuta kugula mbewu, koma, koposa zonse, zinthu zomwe zili munyumba wamba sizili zoyenera kwa iye.
Gynura Cirrus
Ginura wofiirira
Mitundu ina ya wicker kapena lalanje ginura posankha apeza mtundu wofiirira wa pubescence ndi mitsempha. Mbewu zamitundu yotere zimatha kugulitsidwa pansi pa mayina osiyanasiyana ogulitsa, mwachitsanzo, Purple Passion Vine. Pakusiya, alibe kusiyana kwakukulu.
Gynura wofiirira wachikondi
Ginura mosagate
Kuchokera pamitundu ina yonse, izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa masamba. Masamba achichepere pa nsonga za mphukira ali ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino wa pinki, womwe umakhala ndi malo obiriwira akuda akamakula. Masamba pamizu yake amakhala wobiriwira pang'ono ndi malire a pinki.
Gynura Variegate
Kuti azikongoletsa nyumbayo, nkovuta kupeza chomera chokongola komanso chosasangalatsa. Maluso ake okongoletsera amachoka ndi wofiirira kapena wofiirira wofiirira mosalekeza wokopa mawonekedwe osiririka, ndikukhala mphotho yabwino kwambiri kwa wolimira. Ngati mungafune, nthawi zonse mungachotse mphukira ndikugawana zodula ndi anzanu. Komanso, kusamalira duwa la ginur kunyumba sikudzakhala vuto.
