Kukolola bwino ndi chitukuko chabwino cha mbewu ndi munda wamunda sizingatheke popanda kudya kwawo nthawi zonse. Komanso, nkofunika kuyamba njirayi nthawi yayitali musanadzale (panthawi yoyeserera mbeu) ndikupitirizabe. Monga mukudziwira, feteleza ndi mchere ndi organic, mitundu iwiriyi ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa zomera. Biohumus madzi ndizovala zapamwamba zomwe zimapangidwira olima maluwa ndi wamaluwa, zogwira ntchito komanso zoyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito, koma musanayambe kuzigwiritsa ntchito, ndibwino kumvetsetsa zomwe zili komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito.
Zomwe zimayambitsa madzi biohumus
Zamchere feteleza biohumus ndi njira yowonjezera yomwe imakhala ndi "zowonjezera" za biohumus zachilengedwe.
Mukudziwa? Lingaliro la "biohumus" linachokera ku kusungunulidwa kwa liwu la Chilatini "humus", kutanthauza kuti nthaka (mwachitsanzo - nthaka), ndi chiganizo "bio", posonyeza moyo waumoyo. Choncho, biohumus ndi feteleza, yomwe imakhala ndi tizilombo tofunikira kwambiri pa nthaka, yomwe ntchito yake yofunikira imapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo imayambitsa nthaka ndi zinthu zothandiza. Malingana ndi zipangizo zamakono, feteleza ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku kukonza manyowa ndi mbozi, mwachitsanzo, tinganene kuti biohumus imapangidwa ndi mphutsi.
Maziko a biohumus ndi kompositi yokonzedwa ndi mphutsi. Kunja, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi nthaka yowonjezereka bwino, yomwe ndi yayikulu. Komabe, kuwonjezera pa kompositi, feteleza ali ndi zida zina zothandiza zofunika kuti zomera zikule ndikukula. Mu biohumus zamadzimadzi, zigawozi zonsezi zili m'chigawo chomwe chatsungunuka kale ndipo chimakonzedweratu kuti chiyamwitsidwe ndi zomera.
Kuyambira gawo limodzi la magawo anayi mpaka limodzi la biohumus ndi sodium ndi potaziyamu salt ya humic acids, humic acid ndi fulvic acid, hafu ndi zina ndi organic substances - amino acid, zachilengedwe kukula regulators, nthaka tizilombo spores, mavuto a bakiteriya kukonza nayitrogeni.
Kuonjezera apo, biohumus ili ndi zinthu zazikulu zazikulu ndi zazikulu zomwe zimafunika ndi zomera: nayitrojeni - kuyambira 1 mpaka 2%, phosphorous - kuyambira 1.5 mpaka 3%, potaziyamu - kuyambira 1.2 mpaka 2% (omwe amapezeka ndi nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium chigawo cha biohumus sichiyenera kukhala osachepera 3 magalamu pa 1 lita imodzi ya feteleza), komanso calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese komanso pang'onopang'ono - boreoni, zitsulo ndi zamkuwa (komabe chiwerengero cha zitsulo zopangidwa ndi biohumus sichiposa maulendo angapo ovomerezeka nthaka).
Biohumus ili ndi mavitamini ambiri.
Zizindikiro za hydrogen za biohumus - zosapitirira 7.5; chinyezi - kuyambira 40% mpaka 45%, phulusa - kuyambira 35% mpaka 45%.
Wopanga amatitsimikizira kuti palibe namsongole wamsongo, mazira a helminth ndi tizilombo tina toyambitsa matenda ku biohumus.
Zakudya zonse mu biohumus zamadzimadzi zili molondola komanso moyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti fetereza izigwiritsidwe bwino kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Zomera zapadziko lapansi, zomwe zimadutsa zomera zomwe zimadutsa mumatumbo, zimapanga zinthu zosiyana, zomwe zimabwereranso m'nthaka, zimakhala ndi mankhwala othandizira zomera - zimalepheretsa dothi kusamba ndi kuvulaza, kupaka mankhwala ndi kulisintha. Palibe wina wamoyo amene ali ndi luso lotero.
Chifukwa chiyani amagwiritsa ntchito biohumus yamadzi: katundu wa nkhani
Pokhapokha, biohumus imalimbitsa zomera, imachepetsanso kukula ndi ndondomeko ya photosynthesis ndi kagayidwe ka shuga. Chifukwa chake, makhalidwe okongoletsera a mbewu ndi zokolola zawo zikuwonjezeka. Koma feteleza zamadzimadzi zimasinthidwa ngati mawonekedwe ochotsera. 
Kuonjezera apo, imakhala ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumbewu ndi mbande, kuwonjezera chitetezo chawo ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
Biohumus ili ndi zinyalala zomwe tatchulapo za worm ndi microflora zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi izo, zomwe zimatsimikizira zotsatira za feteleza.
Makamaka, biohumus:
- nyumba ndi kuchiritsa nthaka, kubwezeretsa chonde ndi kulepheretsa ntchito ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mkati mwake;
- zimalimbikitsa chitukuko cha zomera, zimathandizira kuti zisawonongeke komanso mwamsanga zimagwiritse ntchito mchere umene sungathe kusungunuka kapena wovuta kufika kwa mizu ndipo umapezeka mu nthaka yowonongeka;
- amachititsa kuti zomera zisakane ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda, monga, powdery mildew, kuvunda ndi ascochytosis (makamaka zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera masamba ndi zinyumba), zotsatira zovulaza tizilombo, komanso ngozi zoopsa;
- imathandiza mbewu kumera mofulumira (nthawi zina kawiri), ndipo mbande ndi mitengo imamera mizu yabwino;
- zimathandizira kukonza bwino maluwa, kumawonjezera chiwerengero chawo ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo, chomwe chiri chothandiza kwa zomera zilizonse, koma zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri kuti maluwa azikongoletsera mkati;
- imathandizira kukolola zipatso (mpaka milungu iwiri), imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwawo, kulawa ndi makhalidwe abwino (chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamasamba shuga, mapuloteni ndi mavitamini), pamene izi sizikugwirizana ndi mankhwala stabilizers ndi kukula accelerators;
- Zimalepheretsa kusungunuka kwa nitrates m'mitengo mwakumanga zitsulo zolemera m'nthaka ndi zinthu zowonongeka.
Mbali yofunikira ya biohumus ndikuti kayendedwe kake kamayamba pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo mutatha kuigwiritsa ntchito ndikukhala zaka zambiri. Mosiyana ndi ena feteleza (mwachitsanzo, okhala ndi chlorine owopsa kwa zomera), biohumus ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa nthaka nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, ndipo ili yoyenera nthaka yonse.
Chifukwa cha zonsezi, feteleza Zamadzimadzi a Biohumus apeza ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana (kuchokera ku dothi lopaka kupopera mbewu ndi kubzala mbewu).
Ndikofunikira! Musagwiritse ntchito njira yothetsera biohumus nthawi yomweyo, ndibwino kuti mulole kuti liime mu kutentha kwa maola anayi ndipo mutangotha kumwa madziwo. Pa nthawi ya ovary ndi pambuyo pa kuthira feteleza sayenera kuchitika.
Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito biohumus yamadzi
Kotero njira yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito biohumus ndi feteleza mu nthaka (poyera pansi kapena mu miphika ya maluwa - kwa zomera zamkati). Mofanana ndi feteleza ina iliyonse, kugwiritsa ntchito biohumus kumaphatikizapo kutsatira mwatsatanetsatane mlingo wamagwiritsidwe ntchito, womwe umaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera 10% (gawo limodzi la feteleza zamadzimadzi pa magawo 10 a madzi), koma zimasiyana mosiyana malinga ndi zofunikira za mbewu zomwe zimalima, komanso komanso zaka zawo ndi kukula.
Choncho, masamba, sipinachi, letesi, anyezi ndi adyo, masabata ndi ma supplementation ndi njira yothetsera biohumus madzi okonzedwa pamlingo wa 0,2 l pa chidebe cha madzi ndibwino kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kwa masamba kumafuna kugwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri kochepetsetsa, ndi zipatso za strawberries ndi zipatso zina 60 ml okha wa madzi humus ndi okwanira pa chidebe cha madzi.
Garden maluwa amadyetsedwa kawiri pamwezi ndi yankho la 10-15 ml la madzi feteleza pa madzi okwanira 1 litre, zipatso za citrus ndi mphesa - zomwezo periodicity ndi yankho la 0.25 l pa ndowa. Biohumus madzi ndi othandiza pamene amagwiritsidwa ntchito popatsa pakhomo. Ayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi yokula osati kamodzi pa miyezi iwiri iliyonse.
Mbeu zowuma mu biohumus ndiyo njira yachiwiri yogwiritsira ntchito feteleza. Gawo la feteleza limagwiritsidwa ntchito kumera 1 kg ya mbewu. Njira yothetsera vutoli iyenera kukonzedwa kawiri pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi mizu (0.05 ml pa 1 l madzi). Nthawi yowumitsa ndi yosiyana kwa miyambo yosiyanasiyana.
Mbewu za zamasamba, mavwende, parsley, katsabola ndi zomera zokongoletsera zimatha kulowetsedwa kwa maola 24; radish, letesi, sipinachi, anyezi ndi adyo (mbewu) - maola 12 kapena pang'ono; nyemba - pafupifupi maora asanu; mphesa, makangaza ndi zipatso - osaposa ola limodzi, ndi tubers - ndipo ngakhale zocheperapo: ndipitirira theka la ora.
Liquid biohumus imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kusamalira mbande. Posakhalitsa musanadzalemo mutseguka pansi, okonzeka ofooka feteleza yankho limatsanuliridwa mu dzenje lokolola; chifukwa chake, mbande imayamba bwino kwambiri ndipo siidwala.
Ndikofunikira! Mizu yosalimba yachitsulo ikhoza kutenthedwa ndi yankho labwino la feteleza kwa chomera chachikulu. Choncho, pakadali pano, mayeso omwe angapangidwe kuti apatsidwe chikhalidwe ayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi nthawi zisanu (!) Times.
Liquid biohumus imathandizanso kutsuka masamba a zomera, koma pano izi zikuyenera kukhala zofooka - pafupifupi 0.005 ml ya feteleza pa madzi okwanira 1 litre. Ndondomekoyi siyenela kuchitika pa nthawi ya maluwa, koma nthawi ya zipatso zakucha - zofunikira.
Zisamaliro
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa biohumus yamadzi sikutanthauza kumamatira kusamala kwina kulikonse, chifukwa mankhwalawo si poizoni. Kotero kuti feteleza sichilowa m'mimba kapena mucous membranes, komanso microcracks sichidutsa mu khungu, ndikwanira kuvala magalavu a mphira asanayambe ntchito, ndipo pambuyo pomaliza - kusamba m'manja bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi.
Zamadzimadzi zimaphatikizidwa mu mabotolo apulasitiki omwe ali otetezeka kwathunthu kuchoka pa malo owona moto.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati madontho a feteleza alowa m'maso kapena pakhungu, nyeretsani bwino ndi madzi ambiri. Ngati mwameza, yambani m'mimba mwakachetechete wothetsera potassium permanganate.
Kusungirako zinthu
Zopindulitsa za biohumus zamadzimadzi zimapitirira kwa zaka chimodzi ndi theka kuchokera pa tsiku lokonzekera lomwe likuwonetsedwa pa phukusi. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ndibwino kusunga feteleza m'malo amdima, koma mwinamwake osati dzuwa. Ngati chidebe chokhala ndi feteleza chosiyidwa ku dacha chiri chisanu - musathamangire kutaya: mutatha kubwerera ku madzi, biohumus ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa cholinga chake ndipo sichikutaya katundu.
Dothi silinso chizindikiro cha kusakwanira kwa feteleza, koma musanagwiritse ntchito botolo ayenera kugwedezeka bwino.
Choncho, madzi a biohumus ndi otetezeka kwambiri, okonda zachilengedwe komanso ogwiritsira ntchito feteleza, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mdziko kapena m'munda, komanso pokonzanso chipinda chowombera, mutadziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.
