Momwe mungakulire fern wamkati - chisamaliro chakunyumba

Pafupifupi zaka 400 miliyoni zapitazo, Dziko lapansi linali litadzaza mitengo ndi mitengo yayitali. Tsopano ambiri a iwo ndi mitundu yapadziko lapansi, ina imamera panthambi, ngati ma epiphytes, palinso mitundu yamadzi. Palibe chodabwitsa kuti pali ferns ngati mbewu zamkati.

Mitundu ya Indernor Ferns

Mitundu yayikulu yokongoletsa:

Ferns m'chilengedwe

1. Nephrolepis (Nephrolepis exaltata) ndi mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa fern womwe umabadwa kunyumba. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi Pulmosa yokhala ndi masamba amdambo komanso Rooseveltia wokhala ndi masamba otuwa. Chodziwika bwino ndi mitundu ya Can Can mitundu yokhala ndi masamba owongoka, Norwoodii okhala ndi pini komanso masamba owundana, Whitmanii wokhala ndi masamba owonda kwambiri;

Nephrolepis kukweza

2. Adiantum. Ichi ndi mtengo wokongola wopangidwa bwino, kutalika kwake kofika masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Masamba ake ndi obiriwira owoneka bwino monga masamba a chomera cha Gingcobiloba. Amadziwika ndi kukula mwachangu kwambiri (kuwirikiza kukula kwake mu nyengo imodzi) ndikusinthika mwachangu. Sizotchuka ngati Nefrolepis, komanso chifukwa zimakonda kwambiri kusintha kwa malo, zimafulumira msanga ngati zinthu sizili bwino kwa iye;

Adiantum Fern

3. Platycerium nsomba (Platycerium alcicorne) - fern wakunyumba wowoneka bwino kwambiri. Masamba amakula mpaka 70 masentimita, ali ndi utoto wobiriwira ndipo amafanana ndi nyanga za chapamwamba. Chomera ichi ndi epiphyte. Mapepala am'munsi ndi akulu, ozungulira, okhala ndi bulauni. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, iwo, akumamatirira kunthambi za mtengo wolandirawo, amakhala ngati chidebe chomwe madzi amadziunjika kuchokera kumvula. Pang'onopang'ono, masamba akale amafa, ndikupanga humus, imapezekanso muzotengera izi ndikuthandizira muzu wazomera;

Platycerium alcicorne

4. Pelaea rotundifolia (Pellaea rotundifolia). Dziko lakwawo ndi New Zealand, pomwe dothi lomwe lili pansi pa nthaka ili ndi miyala yambiri. Masamba ndi ozungulira, obiriwira amdima, achikopa. Zomera ndizochepa kukula, mpaka 30 cm;

Pellaea rotundifolia

5. Asplenium nidus (Asplenium nidus). Amadziwika ndi masamba obiriwira, obiriwira obiriwira omwe amapanga rosette yooneka ngati utoto. Kutengera ndi mitundu, amatha kukhala otakataka, serata, yopapatiza kapena yotakata - mpaka 1 m.

Asplenium nidus

Zabwino komanso zoyipa kukonza nyumba

Indoor fern ndi abwino kukula m'nyumba. Kukulitsa sikuyambitsa mavuto. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe azithunzi zoyambirira zimabweretsa chilengedwe chamatsenga m'nyumba.

Mtengo wokongoletsa

Kutha kukongoletsa mkati mwanyumbayo kumatsimikizira kufunika kwa mbewuyo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fern imapereka kusankha kosiyanasiyana kwa maluwa kuti agwiritse ntchito mtundu wina. Iliyonse mwazomwe zili ndi zake mosiyana, zomwe zikuwoneka ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa tsinde ndi masamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino msewu fern pochulukitsa, kukongoletsa minda ndi minda.

Phindu ndi zovulaza kwa okhala mnyumba

Nthano zambiri zamatsenga zimagwirizana ndi mbewu iyi. Pali zinthu zomwe zimatha kupindulitsa mwasayansi.

Ubwino womwe fern kunyumba ungadzetse:

1. Mothandizila kugwiritsira ntchito poizoni. Mwachitsanzo, Nephrolepis amayeretsa mpweya wa formaldehyde ndi xylene;
2. Chifukwa cha kusinthika kwakukulu (kuyenda kwa madzi kudutsa chomera), imanyowetsa mpweya.

Kuphatikiza pa zabwino, ferns imatha kuvulaza anthu:

1. Zitha kupweteketsa mutu ngati zili kuchipinda, chifukwa chakutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni usiku;
2. Anthu omwe amadwala matendawa nthawi zina samadandaula ndi zomera zachilengedwe.

Zowopsa za mitundu ina

Mphamvu za poizoni wama fern zimawonekera mukamagwiritsa ntchito chomeracho popanga chakudya kapena popanga mankhwala. Chowonadi ndichakuti mitundu yamsewu ndi yamtchire imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika ndi mankhwala, kuphatikiza maphikidwe ambiri wowerengeka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mbali zosiyanasiyana za fern.

Zinthu zomwe zimapezeka pachiwonetsero cha chithokomiro ndi chithokomiro zimakhala ndi poizoni. Poizoni ndi Orlyak, mphukira zazing'ono zomwe zimadyedwa ndi anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, munthu amatha kuyamwa mthupi lake kudzera mu mkaka, ngati nyama yadya.

Kuti mupewe poyizoni ndi fern komanso kukonzekera komwe kumapangidwira, muyenera kudziwa malamulo ake kuti azikonzekera ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa zida zamankhwala.

Kodi ndizotheka kusunga fern m'chipindacho

Ulemerero wa esoteric umabweretsa kukayikira ngati kuli kotetezeka kusunga fern kunyumba. Malingana ndi zikhulupiriro zachinsinsi, zimachitika ndi izi zoyipa komanso zabwino kwa munthu.

Kudya fern

Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi nthano za duwa la fern, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kudziwa chifukwa cha maluwa pang'ono, koma osamvetsetsa zabwino amamwetulira munthu amene wazipeza.

Mphamvu zachinsinsi zomwe zimadziwika ndi mbewu:

1. Imalimbikitsa ubale wabwino wabanja, makamaka pakati pa mibadwo yosiyana;
2. Imalimbitsa mphamvu, imagwirizanitsa mkhalidwe wamalingaliro. Kutengera ndi malo omwe akukhalako, amatha, m'malo mwake, kukhala ndi mphamvu, kumathandizira kuwoneka ngati matenda;
3. Kuteteza okhala mnyumba kuti asatengere zoipa, zowonongeka, ndi zina;
4. Amachepetsa kulipira ndalama.

Anthu oganiza bwino amatha kusamala kubzala fern kunyumba, akukhulupirira kuti mbewuyo imakopa zovuta ndi mavuto. Komabe, kwa maluwa ambiri, nthano za esoteric sizitilepheretsa kukula mbuto m'nyumba, ndikusangalala ndi mawonekedwe ake osangalatsa.

Kubzala fern mumphika

Mizu ya fern imakula mwachangu, ndipo mphika umapanikizika, kotero mbewuyo imafunikira chodzala ndi chaka. Zimayambira ndi masamba zimadziwikanso ndi kukula kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, dothi limataya zinthu mwachangu, chomwe ndi chifukwa chachiwiri chosinthira pafupipafupi.

Zomera zopangidwazo zimayimitsa kukula, kuchuluka kwa kufalikira kumatsikira kumodzi m'zaka zitatu. Nthawi yabwino njirayi ndi kuphukira, itangotha ​​nthawi yopuma.

Ma fern ambiri amakhala m'nkhalango, ndichifukwa chake amakonda nthaka yonyowa komanso yonyowa. Njira yabwio kutsata ndikogula primer yapadera yama ferns. Ngati yophika yokha, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kompositi kumeneko, ndikuonjezera kuchuluka kwa humus. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopepuka, yampweya, yonyamula bwino chinyezi, koma osaletsa kutulutsa kwake.

Kukula fern, gawo limodzi la asidi limagwiritsidwa ntchito, chilengedwe chamchere sichimaloledwa. Ndikakonzekera dothi lokhazikika, pepalalo ndi dothi lamtambo zimasakanikirana ndi peat, mchenga wowuma, komanso kompositi. Gawo lokonzekereralo limayikidwa mu uvuni wokhazikika kale kwa maola 1-1.5. Izi zimagwira ngati prophylaxis polimbana ndi tizirombo.

Thirani Fern

Muphika wabwino wa chomera ndi wolemera, wabwinoko wa ceramic, wokhoza kuyamwa ndikuwapatsa chinyezi. Zotengera zowala zimatha kupitilira pomwe fernyo imakula.

Magawo Othandizira:

1. Viyikani mwachindunji mumphika mu mphika womwe umadzazidwa ndi madzi, kudikirira mphindi 15 mpaka 20, kenako ndikutembenuza chomeracho ndikuchotsa mbewuyo ndi dothi lonyowa;

2. Pansi pa mphikawo panagona chosanjikiza (miyala yaying'ono, tchipisi tamatina, ndi zina);
3. Tangiyo imadzazidwa mpaka pakati ndi nthaka yomalizidwa;
4. Zomera zibzalidwe mosamala, pang'onopang'ono zikumwaza ndi dothi, kusiya mizu khosi;
5. Kuthirira kwambiri mutabzala ndikofunikira. Kutsirira kotsatira sikungachitike popanda kudikirira kuyanika kwa dothi kuchokera kumwamba.

Pambuyo masiku 15, fern atazika mizu, chisamaliro chimayambiranso ngati chizolowezi.

Chisamaliro cha Fern

Ferns amatsogolera molakwika ndi mbiri kuti ndizovuta komanso zovutitsa kukula. M'malo mwake, mutatha nthawi yosinthira, iyi ndi imodzi mwazomera zopanda nzeru kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri ndi nkhalango, imakonda malo otetezeka komanso otentha. Malo abwino mu chipindacho ndi zenera lakum'mawa kapena kumadzulo, khitchini yowala. Ngati zenera likuyang'ana kum'mwera, chomera chizikhala ndi mthunzi wotentha komanso nthawi ya chilimwe.

Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa

Gawo lofunika pa chisamaliro cha fern ndikuphwanya masamba nthawi zonse ndikuthirira pafupipafupi. Chomera chimakonda kuuma kwa gawo lapansi, koma nthawi yomweyo, sakonda dothi lomwe limadzaza madzi.

Kuthirira fern

Munthawi ya kukula, kuthilira kuyenera kuchitidwa masiku onse atatu ndi madzi ofewa firiji. Madzi a bomba ndi olimba, ali ndi calcium calcium yambiri. Madzi othirira abwino ndi madzi amvula.

Kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka mu Ogasiti, fern imafunika kudya pafupipafupi, koma osati kangapo pamwezi. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wosiyanasiyana wokhala ndi michere yambiri yochepera kuposa yonse.

Kutentha ndi chinyezi

Kutentha kolimba nthawi yakukula ndi 18-21 ° C, nthawi ya tchuthi cha chisanu iyenera kutsika pang'ono, mkati mwa 15-18 ° C.

Kunyumba, kusamalira fern yamkati kumafuna kuti pakhale chinyezi chambiri - zoposa 60%. Siyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi ma radiators kapena magwero ena a kutentha. Chomera chimakonda kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Phindu labwino limaperekedwa mwa kudzaza mpweya pafupi nawo. Mwachitsanzo, kukhazikitsa mbale zadothi zodzazidwa ndi madzi.

Kuswana

Ngakhale alimi a maluwa odziwa bwino amapewera kufalikira kwa fern pofesa spores. Ngakhale ndizosangalatsa kuwona magawo amomwe kukula kwa mbeu zazing'ono, amakulitsa zofunika zachilengedwe ndipo zimafunikira nthawi yayitali.

Kuphatikiza pa spores, fern imatha kuchulukitsa m'njira zitatu zomwe ndizovomerezeka kwa wamaluwa:

1. Gawoli. Njira yake ndi yoyenera kwa mitundu yonse yokhala ndi ma nthangala okhala ndi nthambi zambiri. Chimbudzi chake chimangogawidwa m'magulu angapo omwe ali ndi mitu (masamba ophatikizika ndi masamba). Madera okhala ndi mphukira zosachepera ziwiri amalekanitsidwa. Kenako mbali zakezo zimakhala pansi mosiyana;

Kufalitsa fern mwakugawa

2. Chomera chili ndi mphukira mwa mivi. Amapinda pansi m'nthaka moyandikana ndipo amakhala okhazikika. Pakapita kanthawi, njirayi imazika mizu, ndipo nthawi imafika yoti ipatule kwa wakale;
3. Impso. Mphukira za masamba zimasiyanitsidwa pomwe mizu imapangika pa iwo. Nthata zazing'ono zimasinthidwa kukhala malo obiriwira okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso kutentha kwa 23 ° C. Zitha kupangidwa mchidebe cha pulasitiki. Pambuyo pakuwonekera masamba atsopano, zikumera zimasinthidwa ndikuzisunga mosiyana.

Chifukwa chiyani masamba amauma ndikusintha chikasu

Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zimadwala matenda azithupi, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chosasamalira bwino fern. Ndiyenera kuyang'ana chiyani?

Makamaka, ziyenera kukhala zovutitsa pamene nsonga za masamba zimayamba kusanduka chikasu, tsamba lonse limakhala ndi mtundu wopanda pake. Chifukwa chake chingakhale kuthirira kwambiri, kumayambitsa kuvunda kwa mizu, kapena chinyezi chochepa.

Pakachitika zizindikiro zoterezi, masamba odwala amachotsedwa pansi pomwe. Mukadulira, muyenera kuchotsa zolakwika zomwe zinapangidwa, lolani kuti chomera chiwoneke ndikupitiliza kusamalira bwino.

Kuyanika masamba pa fern

Fern amathanso kufa chifukwa chakuwononga tizirombo kapena matenda, koma satenga gawo lalikulu m'moyo wa mbewuzi. Ngati ma fern atakhala kochepa kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo chinyezi chikakwera, amatha kudwala bowa. Pankhaniyi, mawanga ozungulira kapena owuirira otuwa amawoneka pamasamba, nthawi zina ozunguliridwa ndi malire. Masamba omwe ali ndi bowa amayenera kuchotsedwa ndikuwonongeka, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imafafaniza ndi fungicides.

Mwa tizirombo, nkhanambo zimawoneka kuti ndizofala kwambiri, zimadyera kumapeto kwa tsamba, kuyamwa madzi kuchokera pamenepo. Masamba amaphimbidwa ndi mawanga achikasu, kenako amatembenuka chikasu ndikufa. Zolemba zowonongeka ziyenera kudulidwa, mbewu yonse imachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Chifukwa china chomwe chimapangitsa fern kuti iume ndi kuthirira kochepa. Mwakutero, ikhoza kutsitsimutsidwa ndikamizidwa mumphika mu chidebe chachikulu chodzazidwa ndi madzi, ndikusiya pamenepo kwa mphindi 15-20. Bwerezani izi kwa masiku angapo.

Fern ndi mitundu yake amatchuka ngati mbewu zapakhomo chifukwa chosamalidwa mosavuta komanso kuthekera kokongoletsa kwabwino. Ngakhale mulibe maluwa, koma amakula msanga, ndipo zolakwa zoyambira wamaluwa sizingavulaze.