Uta Wokongoletsa - kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera

Zodzikongoletsa anyezi Allium (Allium) ndi herbaceous biennial kapena perennial bulbous chomera, chomwe chili ndi lakuthwa kwenikweni ndi fungo. Ma inflorescence-pompons, omwe amakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, sangathe kusokonezedwa ndi mbewu iliyonse. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapanga anyezi wokongoletsera, kubzala ndi kusamalira kutchire komwe kumakhala kosavuta, kotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa.

Kubzala anyezi wokongoletsera poyera

Allium ndi duwa losazindikira ndipo limakwanira bwino kumunda wamaluwa uliwonse. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anyezi wozungulira komanso wowongoka (zakutchire) chifukwa cha kutalika kwa phesi 50-60 masentimita ndi oyenera kukongoletsa njira zaminda. Chibulgaria chosiyanasiyana chingabzalidwe mozungulira hedge wosawoneka bwino, chomwe chimakongoletsa ndi mizere yake kutalika kwake ndi maluwa okhala ndi mtundu wosiyana ndi wobiriwira mpaka burgundy wokhala ndi malire oyera kuzungulira m'mbali.

Maluwa a Allium

Kusankha malo okhala

Kukula allium sikungadzetse mavuto ngati zinthu zabwino zitaperekedwa koyambirira. Malo omwe akutsikira ayenera kusankhidwa padzuwa lotseguka la malo okwezeka, kutali kwambiri ndi nyumba, mitengo ndi maluwa. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotayirira, yovomerezeka kwa mpweya, wopanda acidity. Ndi index yayikulu ya asidi, laimu iyenera kuwonjezedwa pasadakhale. Amakhala mu Seputembara kapena masika pomwe kutentha kwa usiku kumakhazikitsidwa pa 10 ° C.

Kukonzekeretsa kubzala

Kuti mukulitse anyezi wokongoletsa, ndikofunikira kuti musankhe mwanzeru zodzala. Mababu ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala asanadzalemo nkhungu ndi zolembera. Ngati mukukayikira za mtundu wa mbewuyo, ndibwino kuyigwira kwa mphindi 30 m'njira yofooka ya manganese. Ngati mabalawo ndi atsopano, ndiye kuti amawaza ndi makala opera kapena opaka ndi yankho lamayimidwe a diamondi. Mutamaliza ndi kupha matendawa, mababuwo ayenera kuwotenthedwa pa 40 ° C kwa maola 12. Izi zitha kuteteza kuyanjana ndi matenda (Downy mildew, khosi zowola).

Kubzala ma allium

Tikufika patali sitepe ndi sitepe

Kuyika kwa anyezi wokongoletsera pansi kumachitika m'njira inayake:

1. Sankhani malo abwino azikhalidwe.
2. Kukumba dothi, ndikupangitsa kuti lisamasuke ndikupanga mpweya wambiri.
3. Amaonjezeranso phulusa la manyowa ndi dothi, ndikupangitsa kuti likhale labwino.
4. Kumbani mabowo mtunda wa 20-25 cm kuchokera kwa wina.
5. Malo osanjikiza amaikidwa pansi pa zitsime (kapangidwe kake kamakhala chilichonse).
6. Mababu amayikidwa mumabowo akuya mababu awiri.
7. Finyani mabowo ndi dothi ndipo pang'onopang'ono muzigwirana ndi manja anu.
8. Madzi pang'ono bwino aliyense wobzala.
9. Mulch yotsegulira tsamba ndi singano za coniferous kapena utuchi.

Allium kuswana

Zonunkhira zokongoletsedwa zimafalikira m'njira ziwiri: pobzala mbewu ndi vegetatively (ndi mababu kapena mizu ya masamba a babu). Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana imaphuka nthawi zosiyanasiyana, mutha kuwabzala ndi kuwabzala pafupi kuti maluwa azingopitilira nyengo yonse.

Mbewu

Mbewu zakupangika zimatengedwa kuchokera kumtundu wamafuta ochulukitsa bwino, popeza zimapatsa mbewu yabwino kwambiri. Mutha kuwabzala m'dzinja kapena masika, koma osadalira maluwa okhazikika - izi sizichitika kale kuposa chaka chachitatu, ndipo mitundu ina idzaphukira masamba oyamba pambuyo pake (zaka 4-7 mutabzala).

Kunyumba, njirayi imachitika motere:

1. Dothi lonyowa limathiridwa mu thumba la nsalu.
2. Mbewu zimamizidwa pansi.
3. Chikwatacho chimachichotseredwa m'chipinda cha firiji cha masamba kwa miyezi iwiri, ndipo nthawi zina chimatuluka ndikunyowa.

Nthawi ikafika yoti mubzale, mbewuzo zimatengedwa, zowola zimachotsedwa, ndikuthandizira zobzalira m'nthaka malinga ndi zomwe zimachitika kale.

Allium - kubzala zakuthupi

Njira yamasamba

Kupititsa msika kwa anyezi wokongoletsa ndikosavuta kuposa kukulira nthangala. Mababu a mwana wamkazi wamkuluyo amasiyanitsidwa mosamala ndi amayi awo, kapena, m'mitundu ina, amadula mitu yamaluwa ndi mababu. Kuti mupeze mizu yabwinobwino, mitundu yonse iwiri yobzala mitengo ingachiritsidwe ndikukula.

Mababu kapena mababu obzalidwa m'nthaka mtunda wa 25-50 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, chifukwa ayenera kukhala ndi malo okwanira okulira m'zaka 4-5 zotsatila (umu ndi momwe adzakhalire malo amodzi, ana okulirapo).

Kusamalira anyezi wokongoletsera ndi allium m'munda

Popeza mudabzala allium moyenera, ndipo chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa iye moyenerera.

Kuthirira

Kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino komanso maluwa, kuthirira pafupipafupi ndikofunikira, kutengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya wachilengedwe. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumapangitsa kuti mababu azizungulira, ndipo kukula kwa mbewu kudzalepheretseka chifukwa chouma kwambiri panthaka. Komabe, kuperewera kwa kuthirira sikuvulaza kwambiri allium, m'malo mwake kumatha kuchira msanga.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Kuvala anyezi wokongoletsera kumachitika kangapo munyengo yamasamba:

• m'ngululu, pakuwonekera nthenga zoyamba pamwamba pa dziko lapansi;
• pa nthawi ya kuwonekera kwa masamba oyamba;
• kugwa, mukamaliza maluwa a allium, kotero kuti mbewu idayamba bwino.

M'nkhani ziwiri zoyambirira, mbewuzo zimaphatikizidwa ndi manyowa osakanikirana ndi phulusa la nkhuni, ndikukonzekera nyengo yozizira pogwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu ya phosphorous.

Kuthirira anyezi wokongoletsa

Kusamalira Bulb

Masamba atazirala, ndikofunikira kukumba, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuwuma, ndikusiya mababu amitundu ina (mwachitsanzo, Schubert, Christophe) ndikuisunga m'chipinda chouma komanso chofunda ndi 18-20 ° C. Kusungirako koteroko sikungavulaze mitundu ina yobzala m'malo otentha, makamaka popeza mababu amayenera kuwaika kumalo atsopano zaka zingapo zilizonse. Chapakatikati amabzalidwa m'nthaka, malinga ndi kufotokozeredwa kwa nyengo yobzala.

Kotero kuti nthawi yachisanu yozizira sikhala mababu a allium osazizira ndipo samavutika ndi mvula yambiri pamagawo a Moscow Region, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulch nthaka. M'chilimwe, chisamaliro chomwechi chiteteza mbewu kuti zisawonongedwe ndi tizirombo ndi namsongole.

Kusamalira masika

Mu kasupe, chiwembu chobzalidwa ndi allium chimatsegulidwa, kuyeretsa, dothi limasulidwa, feteleza umayikidwa ndi wosanjikiza watsopano mulch. Masamba a Allium amakonda kuwuma, omwe amatha kuwononga kukongoletsa kwa maluwa. Sikoyenera kuwadula, apo ayi zakudya za babu zingasokonekere. Ndikwabwino kusamalira izi pasadakhale podzala mbewu zina pafupi zomwe zingasokoneze chidwi chanu. Kufalikira kwa peonies ndi irises, komanso petunias ndi ma poppies, kutsegula masamba mu nyengo yonseyo, ndizoyenera kuchita izi.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati sichikhala pachimake

Sichimachitika kuti ma allium satulutsa. Mwinanso, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha unyamata wa mbewu, koma zingakhale choncho kuti zomwe zakula zidaphwanyidwa:

• kutsika kolakwika;
• mababu obzalidwa panthaka yonyowa kwambiri m'nthaka;
• Kutentha kwa mpweya sikuwotha bwino.

Potere, zitha kupeza maluwa pokhapokha kukonza zolakwika zomwe zidapangidwa, ngati zingatheke, ndikuyamba kusamalira bwino chomera. Komabe, dzinja lozizira likhoza kulepheretsa mbewu kubza bwino, ndipo ndikwabwino kusamalira kupulumutsa mababu kuchokera kumtunda wamadzi.

Allium kuphatikiza mitundu ina

Kuyang'anira tizilombo

Tizilombo tomwe timatha kuzinga allium ndi ofanana ndi anyezi komanso adyo. Mphutsi za anyezi zikhazikika mkati mwa mababu, ndikuwononga chomera. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kutenga njira zodzitchinjiriza munthawi yake, ndikumwaza nthaka kuzungulira mbewu ndi phulusa ndi fumbi, tsabola wakuda, masamba owuma.

Mitundu yayitali yamitundu ya allium imalola wokonza dimba aliyense kuti asankhe china chake chabwino pamalo awo. Palibe zovuta kulima anyezi wokongoletsera, wotchedwa allium, koma mipira yowala yowala ya inflorescence, malinga ndiukadaulo waulimi, idzakondweretsa onse woperekayo ndi alendo ake.