1995 chinali chosinthira m'mbiri ya kuswana. - Anatsegula nyengo ya kukula kwa gooseberries popanda minga, mitundu yomwe inali nthawi imeneyo.
Mbiri ya kusankha jamu mitundu "Commodore"
Mlembi wa oyamba m'mbiri ya "Commander" wa "" Commander "anali VS Ilyin - dokotala wa sayansi ya zaulimi, wotsogolera mkulu wa South Ural Research Institute for Horticulture ndi mbatata komanso woyang'anira laboratori ku ofesi yomweyo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kupambana kumeneku kwazomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zochitika zabwino kwambiri zomwe wasayansi akugwira popanga chitukuko cha horticulture - pamodzi ndi mkazi wake, wolemba za sayansi ya zaulimi, iye ndi mtsogoleri wa mitundu khumi ndi iwiri ya currant, honeysuckle, sea buckthorn komanso, jamu.
Maluwa osiyanasiyana oyambirira "Commodore" ndiwo chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito mwakhama potengera mitundu "Chelyabinsk Green" ndi "African". Kupindula sikutanthauza kuti kulibe minga, komanso kusungirako zokolola zosiyanasiyana.
Mukudziwa? Pakatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1800, mabulosi a jamu ankayeza osachepera 19 g ndipo anafika masentimita asanu, koma anatayika zizindikiro izi kosatha chifukwa cha matenda omwe anagulitsa kuchokera ku America.
Makhalidwe jamu "Mtsogoleri"
Zolemba zamagetsi - Kuika jamu "Msilikali" akuwonetsedwera mu kufotokoza kumeneku kotchuka. Kuwonjezera pa kusowa kwa ma spikes komanso kumayambiriro koyambirira, zimasonyeza kuti:
- mu chitsamba chamitengo chokwera kwambiri, koma osati chobiriwira chobiriwira nthambi zobiriwira zokhala ndi pinishini pansipa (kumbali ya dzuwa);
- pa mphukira zimakula masamba okongola a masamba akulu ndi lakuthwa, mano opakatikati; m'munsi mwa masamba muli zochepa zazing'ono (zokhazikika kapena zozungulira). Mphukira yamphongo yowonjezereka yawonetsa ndondomeko;
- jamu limamasula amasonkhanitsidwa mu 2-3 inflorescences mbale zokongola kwambiri za maluwa achikasu ndi zooneka bwino komanso zooneka bwino pinki tinge;
- zipatso zofiira kwambiri zofiira zimaphimbidwa ndi zoonda kapena zofiira makulidwe khungu popanda pubescence;
- Zipatso zomwe zili ndi nthanga zing'onozing'ono zimapitirira 7 g (kulemera kwake - 5.5 g);
- Zakudya zokoma, zokometsetsa pang'ono, zimatulutsa zipatso (4.6 peresenti pa 5 pazakudya) zimatenganso shuga 13.1%, komanso vitamini C (54 mg pa 100 g) ndi atatu peresenti ya titrate acidity.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zosiyanasiyana
Zopindulitsa zopanda pakezi zikuphatikizapo:
- Nthawi yaitali fruiting ya jamu "Mtsogoleri", omwe amapanga maziko a zipatso zake zabwino - 6.8 (nthawi zina mpaka 7) makilogalamu pa shrub;
- mphamvu ya zipatso zopsa, zomwe, ngakhale kumapeto mochedwa kwambiri, musapunde ndi kugwa m'tchire;
- yovuta hardiness ya jamu "Commander" ndi kukana kwake bwino powdery mildew;
- kusinthasintha kwa kugwiritsira ntchito chipatso "Mtsogoleri".
Mukudziwa? Kubwezeretsa, diuretic, choleretic, anti-inflammatory effect ya jamu zipatso zimathandizira kuchiza mavitamini, kuchepa kwa magazi komanso ngakhale kutuluka mwazi.
Madeti ndi kusankha malo omwe angabwerere
Oyenera kwambiri kubzala mbande jamu "Commander" adziwa nthaka, mchenga, loamy ndi sod-podzolic. Izi ziyenera kuganizira kuti madzi omwe akuyenda bwino amapanga chikhalidwe cha matenda opanga ndi powdery mildew ndipo amatha kufa, choncho malo osankhidwa sayenera kukhala ndi chizoloŵezi chopeza chinyezi.
"Mtsogoleri" amakonda kuwala kotentha kwa dzuwa, komwe amalandira ngati malo omwe akubzala ndi kusamalidwa kumatetezedwa (mwachilengedwe kapena zopangidwa ndi anthu) kuchokera kumphepo yambiri ya mphepo. Nyengo yachisanu (September-October) ndi masika (April-May) nyengo ndi yoyenera kubzala. Pachiyambi choyamba, mawerengedwewa amapangidwa chifukwa cha kuuma kwachisanu, pachiwiri - polima mizu yolimba chifukwa cha kukula kwachangu mu kutentha kwabwino.
Ntchito yokonzekera musanafike
Kuyala gooseberries "Commander" safuna kusamalira komanso kukonzekera, komanso kukonzekera. Maziko a tsogolo labwino mu kulima gooseberries, zotsatira zake zomwe zidzakhala zokolola zochuluka, zidzasinthidwa malinga ndi magawo ena a malo osankhidwa ndi kubzala.
Malo okonzekera
Musanabzala jamu "Mtsogoleri", monga momwe agrotechnics yamalimidwe yake imakhalira, malo osapitirira 0,3 mamita amapangidwa pansi ndi mlingo wa dzenje wokha mpaka 0,6 mamita, kumene feteleza imayikidwa. Chitsulo cha 0,3 makilogalamu a mchere wamchere, womwewo ndi phulusa (kapena 40 g wa potaziyamu mchere) ndipo makilogalamu angapo (mpaka 10) a manyowa amapangidwa okha.
Mbande kukonzekera
Pofuna kubzala muzigwiritsa ntchito mbande zomwe zimakhala ndi mizu 3 mpaka 5 kutalika kwa masentimita 10 ndi masamba 4-5 pa mphukira iliyonse. Pamaso pa mizu youma ndi mphukira, amadulidwa ndipo, monga lamulo, amawonjezeka m'matope (ndizotheka kuti iwonso adzakula). Maola 24-36 musanabzala, mizu ya mmera imamizidwa kuti cholinga cha disinfection muzitsulo (pirinki yofiira) yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena, ngati n'kotheka, amachiritsidwa ndi root root stimulator.
Oyenera kubzala achinyamata jamu mbande
Saloledwa kubzala Mbalame Mkulu wa jamu pamakona - molunjika basi. Khosi la chitsamba limakula pansi pa nthaka (5-6 masentimita), ndipo mphukira pamwamba pamakhala ndi dziko lapansi. Choyamba chotsatira mutabzala ndi nthaka compaction ndi kuthirira (5-7 malita pa chitsamba), zomwe zimachitika kudzera annular groove 0.3-0.4 mamita kuchokera chobzalidwa chomera. Ndifunikanso kupanga mulching pristvolnoy pamwamba (humus kapena peat).
Kusamalira ndi kulima jamu "Mtsogoleri"
Mofanana ndi mbeu zambiri za m'munda, malo ofunika kwambiri pokonzekera gooseberries, amatha kuthirira, kudyetsa, kusamalira nthaka, kupanga chitsamba, kuteteza nyengo. Mbali za chisamaliro cha zosiyanasiyanazi sizitsogolera ku vuto lililonse lowonjezera.
Kuthirira ndi kumasula nthaka
Olima munda akulima mitundu ya Komandor m'zaka zambiri amasonyeza kuti kuthirira madziwa kumakhala kobwerezabwereza, makamaka m'nyengo ya chilimwe. Mphamvu ya madzi imakula ngakhale masabata awiri isanafike nthawi yokolola, pamene "Mtsogoleri" akuyenera kuthirira madzi tsiku lililonse. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro ndi kumasula nthawi zonse nthaka, kusamala kuti musakhudze mizu. Kutsegula kumaphatikizidwa pamodzi ndi kupalira.
Nthawi komanso momwe angachitire kavalidwe
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka, kufunika kwa jamu la Commodore mu zakudya zina zowonjezera kumaperekedwa mwa kufalitsa nthawi zonse (20 g / sq. M) ya feteleza feteleza kuzungulira chitsamba. Pambuyo pake, m'pofunika kudyetsa chitsamba chokhala ndi fruiting (pafupi ndi korona) ndi potassium sulfate, ammonium sulphate (50 g aliyense) ndi 100 g ya superphosphate yothira kompositi. Madzi a mullein (1: 5) gooseberries adadyetsa masiku 15-20 mutatha maluwa (mpaka malita 10 pagulu).
Sakani zofunikira
Kukula mosalekeza, kupeza mphamvu nthawi zonse, jamu "Commander" amafunika pafupifupi kudulira pachaka, monga njira yobwereza. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba, palibe nthambi zoposa zisanu zotsalira zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa kunja kwa nthambi zakula. Kwa nambala yomweyi nkofunikira kuchepetsa mphukira zatsopano pambuyo pomaliza chaka chachiwiri. Kenaka chaka chilichonse muzisiya 3-5 mphukira kukula pafupifupi mtunda wautali wina ndi mzake. Pambuyo pazaka zisanu zachitukuko, nthambi zakalamba (ndi matenda) zimachotsedwa chaka chilichonse, ndipo masamba 3-4 a chaka chimodzi amakhalabe mizu.
Ndikofunikira! Nthambi zamtengo wapatali za chitsamba chachikulu zimatenga 10 mpaka 16.Nyengo zabwino zowonongolera ndi izi:
- kumayambiriro kwa masika - kusanayambe kuyamwa kutuluka ndi mphukira;
- kumapeto kwa autumn - kutha kwa kutha kwa kuyamwa, kuphatikizapo kutha kwa tsamba kugwa.
Ndikofunikira! Kukhala pa stumps yosweka ya hemp kukhazikitsa ulesi wamtendere kwa zowononga m'munda.
Malo okhala pogona m'nyengo yozizira
Jamu "Woyang'anira" amatchulidwa omwe amaimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chisanu ndi kutentha kwa -25 ° -30 ° C. Izi ndizofunika kuti azikhala m'nyengo yozizira kumalo komwe kuli kuzizira komwe kumayembekezeredwa kukhala kochepa, kapena chifukwa cha inshuwalansi yotsutsana ndi mphamvu majeure. Pambuyo pake, dzuŵa litadulidwa, peaty kapena humus mulching ya nthaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtundu wa mtengo ndi masentimita 10 kapena masentimita a cellophane omwe amadzaza ndi mulch ndi mabowo ambirimbiri. Kwa malo ogona amagwiritsa ntchito chisanu chogwa, momwe zingathere kukwanira tchire, komanso nthambi zapine kapena spruce, ndi zipangizo zina zomwe zilipo.
Nthawi yakucha ndi kukolola
Jamu "Commander", akuyesera makilogalamu 7 a kilogalamu yokolola, kale muzaka zoyambirira zimatha kupanga 3-5 makilogalamu a zipatso. Kulima zipatsozi kumayambira theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa May, ndipo kuyamba kokolola kumagwa kumvula kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa July. Yambani, pofuna cholinga cha chitetezo chotsatira, kwa theka limodzi ndi theka kwa masabata awiri kuti mukhale okhwima. Zipatso zopanda madzi (zouma ndi zolimba) pamalo ozizira osapitirira masiku khumi "kufika".
Mwamunayo akamapsa zipsa, amasiya mitundu yonse, pamene mtundu wawo umasintha kuchokera kubiri wobiriwira mpaka wofiira, pang'onopang'ono umakhala wakuda.
Yowutsa mudyo, pafupifupi mnofu wopanda zipatso zosalala bwino za jamu "Komandor" ili ndi zokoma kwambiri zamchere, zomwe zimakopa okondedwa atsopano (makamaka ana) ndi timadziti ndi zamchere.
