M'minda yaing'ono yamphongo, ng'ombe zimaonedwa kuti ndi zofunika kwambiri, ndipo ng'ombe sizimasungidwa kawirikawiri, posankha kuzipereka kwa nyama patangotha kubadwa. Inde, izi sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu obereketsa, koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'minda, kumene amasungidwa monga opanga.
Zirizonse zomwe zinali, koma nthawi zambiri obereketsa amafunika kudziwa zaka zenizeni za chinyama, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuchita izi popanda zolemba zoyenera.
M'nkhani yathu tidzakambirana njira zodziwika bwino zodziwira zaka za ng'ombe, ndikugwiranso ntchito pa mutu wokhala ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yothetsera ana ndi nyama zakufa izi.
Ndi ng'ombe zingati zomwe zimakhala pakhomo
Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi chakudya chabwino, ng ombe ikhoza kukhala pakhomo kwa zaka zoposa 20, koma ng'ombeyo siimakhudzidwa. Kawirikawiri amuna amakhala osachepa akazi, kotero ngakhale ndi moyo wabwino, nthawiyi sizingakhale zaka zoposa 15.
Phunzirani momwe mungapezere munthu wopanga ng'ombe, momwe mungakondwerere ng'ombe kuti idye nyama.Zomwe zimakhudza moyo wautali ndizo zotsatirazi:
- Mkhalidwe wa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwechi (kutalika pamwamba pa nyanja, kutentha m'nyengo yozizira, malo otsetsereka);
- dziko lakwawo (mwachitsanzo, ku India, ng'ombeyo sidzagonjera kuphera);
- mtundu wa nyama ndi zizindikiro zake za thupi, zomwe zingakhale zotsatira za matenda, matenda kapena congenital pathologies;
- kusamalira ndi chisamaliro chomwe chimakhudza zofunikira zonse zaukhondo ndi zaukhondo.
Inde, ndi chakudya chokhazikika ndi chokhazikika pamodzi ndi maulendo apakati ndi msipu waulere m'chilimwe, kuyembekezera moyo wa ng'ombe idzakhala yaitali.
Mukudziwa? Chimodzi mwa zolemekezeka kwambiri zolembedwera-zoweta ng'ombe zamphongo ndi zaka ndi Augustus ng'ombe, Mbalame Zambiri. Anamwalira ali ndi zaka 18.
Momwe mungadziwire zaka za ng'ombe
Popanda kufotokoza zaka za ng'ombe, mungathe kupeza zaka zomwe akhalapo. Njira yodalirika yopezera chidziwitso ichi ndi kuunika kwa mano ndi nyanga, komanso maonekedwe a mwamuna.
Zoona, ponena za omaliza, sikoyenera kunena kuti kudalirika kwakukulu kwambiri pa deta: chirichonse chimadalira kukula kwa chakudya ndi zikhalidwe za msungamo.
Maonekedwe
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe mungathe kudziwa kuonekera kwa ng'ombe - chinyama, chamoyo kapena chinyama chiri patsogolo panu. Kawirikawiri timadalitsidwa ndi zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa mbali iliyonse ya thupi, mkhalidwe wa khungu ndi tsitsi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kulemera kwa msinkhu ndi msinkhu wamwamuna kungakhale nkhani yeniyeni, makamaka ngati tikukamba za anthu osapatulidwa, ndipo mumadziwa za miyambo. 
Choncho, kulemera kwa ng'ombe kwa mitundu yochepa kwambiri sikukhoza kufika makilogalamu 150-190 ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, pamene chakachi chiwerengero chafika pa makilogalamu 400 kapena kuposa. Kwa zaka chimodzi ndi theka, amuna ambiri amatha kulemera makilogalamu 600.
Komabe, timakumbukira kuti zambiri zimadalira chisamaliro cha chinyama ndi zakudya zake, choncho pachiyambi, zimayenerabe kufufuza zofunikira za mtundu wina ndi kulemera kwa munthu aliyense.
Pezani ng'ombe zomwe ziri zazikuru, momwe nyanga za ng'ombe zimakhazikidwira, chifukwa chake ng'ombe imalowetsedwa mu mphete.
Mankhwala
Kufufuza za dzino lachitsulo ndi kuyang'anira malo a mano a nyama nthawizonse wakhala ngati njira imodzi yolondola yodziwira zaka zake zenizeni. Pali zifukwa zingapo, ndipo koposa zonse ziri:
- maonekedwe ndi mkaka wa mkaka incisors;
- Kutaya mano a mkaka komanso mawonekedwe awo;
- kusakaniza pamwamba mawonekedwe;
- Kusiyanitsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zopondereza ndi kuchepetsa kwawo;
- nthawi ya mawonekedwe a zolemba.
Zojambula ziwiri zomwe zili pakati zimatchedwa ndowe, mano awiri kumanja ndi kumanzere awo ali mkatikati, ndizotsatira ndizomwe zili kunja, ndipo mano opitirira kumanja ndi kumanzere a arcade ali m'mphepete. Ndiwo chikhalidwe chawo nthawi iliyonse yomwe idzasonyeze zaka zenizeni za nyama.Ndikofunikira! Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mano a mkaka ndi mano okhazikika ndi kukula kwake. Mano a mwana wamphongo ndi opyapyala ndi opapatiza, ndipo ali ndi zaka zokha omwe amaloledwa m'malo ndi kutalika.Taganizirani kusintha kwa mano pa kukula kwa ng'ombe:
- Mwezi 0-1 - Ng'ombe ikuwoneka mkaka wa makaka, okraki, ndiyeno, zomwe zimakhala zosasinthika pafupifupi chaka chimodzi;
- Miyezi 10-14 - pamagulu awiri a zikopa, mkatikatikati, ndiyeno mano opaka mkaka wa kunja, nthendayi zonse zimayambira;
- Miyezi 18-22 - Zakudya za mkaka zimatuluka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo malo awo amakhala osasunthika, mpaka kufika pamsinkhu wawo wonse pafupi ndi zaka ziwiri za ng'ombe;
- Miyezi 30 - mkatikati mwa mkaka wa mkaka umatulukamo, womwe umalowetsedwa ndi zamoyo zosatha (zidawoneka bwino zisanafike zaka zitatu);
- Zaka 3 - kusintha kwa kunja kwasinthidwe, koma zovuta zimakula kokha zaka 3.5;
- Zaka 3.5-4 - amalowetsedwa ndi okrayk osatha ndi mkaka.
Kuwonongeka kwazitsulo za dzino kumatchedwanso kuti ndiwophunzitsa pa msinkhu wa zaka. Choncho, kwa zaka zinayi, zikuwoneka bwino kwambiri pa zikopa, mkatikatikati, ndi pang'onopang'ono mano opakati.
Pafupifupi chaka chachisanu cha moyo, kupweteka kwa dzino kumapangidwe pamphepete, ndipo pakatha zaka 6 ng'ombeyo ikhoza kupanga mawonekedwe a m'mphepete mwake, ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu kuchokera kumtsinje pa mano ndi mkatikati mano.
Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe zimakhala ndi nsagwada zamtundu, zomwe zimalola ng'ombe kutchera udzu, zomwe zimapanga makina 100 pamphindi iliyonse.
Pamene ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, amuna amachotsa nkhono zazingwe, zomwe zimangotsala ndi zaka 7.5.
Mu zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zamphongo, kubisa pamwamba pa zikopa kumapeza quadrangular mawonekedwe ndi kumakula pang'ono. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamakhala mano a mkati mwa mano komanso mkati. 
Pafupi ndi ng'ombe yamphongo yazaka zisanu ndi zinayi mmalo awa pali mawonekedwe osatha a kusakaniza pamwamba, ndipo kutuluka kwa enamel kungopitirirabe:
- mu nyama yazaka 10, imatuluka kuchokera ku mbali ya okrayk (pa nthawi yomweyo kukula kwake ndi kutalika kwake kumachepetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa mano kukhala oposa);
- ali ndi zaka 11-12, zozizwitsa zimakhala zosawerengeka, ndipo zikopa, mkati, mkati ndi mano akunja zimakhala zowonjezereka (mizu ya nyenyezi imaonekera kale);
- Pambuyo pa zaka 12, kudziŵa zaka za ng'ombe monga momwe mano amachitira sizowonjezereka, kupatula kuti pafupi ndi zaka 13 mpaka 14, mphutsi zimataya mano onse, ndipo zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zakubadwa khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha zimakhala ndi mizu yokhazikika.
Ndikofunikira! Ndondomeko yotere yothetsera mano amodzi ndi makamaka pakati pa zaka zapakati pa nyengo ya mkaka, pamene akuyimira nyama, mano amasinthidwa mofulumira (mwa zaka pafupifupi 1), ndipo pakagwira ntchito anthu amachedwa kuchepa kwa chaka chimodzi.
Minyanga
Ng'ombe yatsopanoyo ili ndi ziphuphu zamphongo, zomwe nyanga zake zidzawonekera. Kuyambila kuyambira masiku 14 mpaka 16 a moyo kumalo a maonekedwe awo, khungu la khungu lakhala likuwonekeratu, ndipo patapita mwezi umodzi tsitsi limagwera pa iyo ndipo mapangidwe a nyanga yamphongo ayamba (imatha pafupi miyezi iwiri ya moyo). 
Pafupi ndi mwezi wachitatu, nyanga za ng'ombe zikufika kutalika kwa masentimita 1, ndipo m'tsogolomu, kuyambira miyezi 17-20 miyezi, kukula kwake kuli pafupifupi yunifolomu: kutalika kumawonjezeka pafupifupi 1 cm pamwezi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati muyesa kutalika kwa nyanga pamodzi ndi kutalika kwakukulu (kuchokera kumunsi mpaka kumapeto) ndikuwonjezera 1 ku mtengo mu masentimita, mutha kupeza zaka za mbuzi m'miyezi.
Pambuyo pa miyezi 20, kukula kwa nyanga kumachepetsanso ndipo pafupifupi 2.5 mm masiku 30, kotero sikukhala kosavuta kudziwa nthawi yeniyeni ya amuna.
Phunzirani momwe kusamalirana kwa ng'ombe.
Pamene ng'ombe ikhoza kuphimba ng'ombe
Okolola obereketsa nthawi zonse amalemekezedwa kwambiri, choncho m'minda yayikulu nthawi zonse mumakhala amuna angapo kuti apitirize kubereka.
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito pazofunikirazi ndi miyezi 13-14 kwa anthu a mitundu ya nyama ndi miyezi 14-17 kwa ng'ombe zamphongo. Kuti mudziwe wokonzeka kuphimba ng'ombe ndi kugona bwino mwana wang'ombe, sampula yamatenda imatengedwa: osachepera 10% ya spermatozoa ayenera kukhala yogwira ntchito ndi mafoni. 
Komanso, monga njira yabwino yothandizira kuti mwamuna azikonzekera kukwatira, nthendayi imayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito masentimita (kutalika kwake sikuyenera kukhala osachepera 30 cm) ndikuyang'ana khalidwe la ng'ombe, zomwe zimathandiza kudziwa kukula kwa kugonana kwawo.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito koyambirira kwa ng'ombe yamtunduwu kungachititse kuti nyamayo iwonongeke, motero kuti kuyamwa kwabwino kudzakhala kochepa. Komanso, mwana wa ng'ombe wochokera kwa wotereyu nthawi zambiri amabadwa ndi matenda.Ndi kukhalapo kwa mwamuna wamphongo, ntchito yake ndi yoperewera:
- ali ndi zaka 1.5, amuna samakhalanso kawiri pa sabata;
- Zaka 2.5 sizimapereka maimayi oposa masabata atatu;
- patatha zaka 2.5, avomere ng'ombe ng'ombe 2-3 pa tsiku.
Nthawi zambiri moyo wa zilondazo ndi zaka 14. Ngati chinyama sichinakonzedwenso kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu izi, zidzakhala bwino kuponyera mwamuna ali wamng'ono - kuyambira miyezi itatu mpaka isanu ndi iwiri, kuchotsa mayesero 3-4 masabata asanayambe kutha msinkhu.Malinga ndi zizindikiro za mtundu, nthawizi zikhoza kusinthidwa pang'ono, koma mulimonsemo, potsatira njirayi, ng'ombeyo idzakhala yolimba ndipo imayamba kulemera.
Kusungidwa kwa anthu ang'onoang'ono (mpaka masabata asanu ndi awiri) sikovomerezeka, popeza pali mwayi waukulu wa chitukuko chosawonongeka cha ziwalo za mtundu wa genitourinary wa chiweto ndi kukula kwake kochepa. Pambuyo pa miyezi 8 mpaka 9, njirayi sichimveka bwino, chifukwa izi sizikhala ndi zotsatira zowonjezera kulemera kwake.
Pezani mtundu wa ng'ombe zomwe ziri bwino kuti mukhale ndi mafuta.
Ndi zaka zingati zomwe ng'ombe zamphongo zaphedwa?
M'minda yamagulu ndi m'minda yayikulu, ng'ombe sizikula kawirikawiri nyama kwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri kuti zipse msanga komanso miyezi 18 kuti ikhale yopitilira.
Kawirikawiri pa msinkhu uno, amuna amapeza kulemera kwa thupi, makamaka ngati apatsidwa zakudya zowonjezera kwa miyezi itatu asanaphedwe. Mukhoza kutumiza kukaphedwa, koma chifukwa cha zachuma ndi zopanda phindu, chifukwa chiwerengero cha nyama sichingakhale chosakwanira.
Pa nthawi ya mafuta, ndi bwino kupatsa mwana wang'ombe chakudya chokhazikika komanso chopatsa thanzi, komanso amaonetsetsa kuti akudya kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira.
Mwini aliyense wa ziweto ayenera kudziwa zenizeni za kukula kwa ng'ombe zamphongo chaka chilichonse cha moyo wawo, zomwe zidzatheketsa kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso ichi pakuchita ndi kupeza zinthu zamtengo wapatali.
