Pafupifupi onse wamaluwa ndi eni nthaka amakonda kulima currant. M'madera ambiri nthawi zambiri timakumana ndi black currant (Ribes nigrum), wofiira (Ribes rubrum) ndi white currant (Ribes niveum), ndipo chikasu cha currant chatsopano.
Matenda a currant ndi mankhwala awo
Ngati mukufuna shrub wanu kuti mukhale okondwa ndi zipatso chaka ndi chaka, ndiye musamadziwe zazing'ono zokha za unamwino, komanso currants ndi tizirombo ta currants. Tsitsi la currant "zizindikiro" za matenda ake: masamba amatembenukira chikasu, owuma ndi kugwa, zipatso zouma, thunthu limayamba kuvunda. Ndipo zokhudza tsatanetsatane wa chithandizo cha currants, mankhwala otchuka kwambiri a anthu a currants, tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi. 
Pafupifupi onse wamaluwa ndi eni nthaka amakonda kulima currant. Pa malo ambiri omwe timakumana nawo wakuda currant (Ribes nigrum), wofiira (Ribes rubrum) ndi white currant (Ribes niveum), wachikasu currant akupeza kutchuka posachedwapa. Ngati mukufuna shrub wanu kuti mukhale okondwa ndi zipatso chaka ndi chaka, ndiye musamadziwe zazing'ono zokha za unamwino, komanso currants ndi tizirombo ta currants. Tsitsi la currant "zizindikiro" za matenda ake: masamba amatembenukira chikasu, owuma ndi kugwa, zipatso zouma, thunthu limayamba kuvunda. Ndipo zokhudza tsatanetsatane wa chithandizo cha currants, mankhwala otchuka kwambiri a anthu a currants, tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Anthracnose (fly fly sniper)
Mwinamwake aliyense wamaluwa ankazindikira kuti pakati pa chilimwe (nthawi zambiri mu July), mutagwa mvula yambiri, mabala ofiira ndi tinge wofiira anayamba kuonekera pa masamba a currant. Patapita nthawi, malowa "amafalikira" pamwamba pa tsamba lonse. Kawirikawiri izi zimabweretsa mfundo yakuti tsamba pamphepete limayamba kuuma ndipo limatengera mtundu wa malo omwewo, chifukwa ntchentche pansi imapha tsamba la petioles.
Matendawa ndi matenda a fungal, ndipo ngati akugunda shrub, ndiye kuti mukolola mbewu zing'onozing'ono, ndipo ngati simutayamba kulandira currants, mbewuyo idzafa zaka 4. Matendawa ndi osalongosoka, chifukwa m'nyengo yozizira, spores ya ntchentche imakhala "moyo" m'mamasamba omwe agwa kuchokera ku chitsamba.
Ndikofunikira!Chomera sichidzadwala ngati mutatsuka masamba ogwa m'nyengo yozizira ndikuwaza nthaka youma pansi pa chitsamba.Chinthu chachikulu polimbana ndi matendawa ndikuteteza mliri pakati pa tchire. Choncho, ngati mwawona kale tizilomboti pa tchire, ndibwino kuti tisamapitirize kuwononga, komanso kuti tipewe thanzi labwino, kugwiritsa ntchito Bordeaux madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 100 g ya yankho la 10 malita a madzi. Ngati mankhwala ochiza matenda ndi tizirombo ta tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizilandiridwa, ndiye kuti mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo "Phytodoctor" (gwiritsani ntchito kutsatira malangizo).
American powdery mildew (laibulale yamagulu)
Laibulale yapadera ndi bowa yomwe imapezeka pakati pa chilimwe pamagulu aang'ono a currant. Zikuwoneka ngati mawonekedwe oyera, osavuta mosavuta, omwe amayamba kukhala ndi chiboliboli choyera pa nthawi ya currant - patapita nthawi zimakhudza masamba akale, komanso zokolola. Palinso mtundu wina wa powdery mildew - European powdery mildew, omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zomwezo komanso njira zolimbana nazo. Kulimbana ndi matendawa kumapangidwa bwino kumayambiriro kwa masika, mpaka mphukira imatha. Njira yabwino ndiyo kupopera tchire ndi njira yothetsera ferrous sulphate (10 g pa 30 malita a madzi).
Kupopera mbewuyi kuyenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga mutatha maluwa, ndiyeno mobwerezabwereza 2-3 nthawi ndi masiku khumi. Njira yowonjezera yogwiritsira ntchito laibulale yapadela ikupopera mankhwala otsekemera mu chitsamba. Chifukwa chokonzekera, m'pofunika kutsanulira bwino "steamed" humus ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1 gawo la humus mpaka 2 mbali ya madzi, kuchoka kwa masiku awiri, kupanikizana ndi kupopera mbewu ndi njirayi. Ngati chitsamba chili ndi chipulumutso chodabwitsa, chiyenera kuwonongedwa.
Mukudziwa? Red currant ndi kosavuta "kuwona" matenda a American powdery mildew kuposa wakuda currant.
Galasi yamagalasi
Nkhono za mtundu wobiriwira wofiira ndi magalasi a galasi. Matendawa amakhudza "ziwalo" zonse za kuthengo: kuchokera ku ovary kupita ku thunthu. Ngati sedge ikukula pafupi ndi tsamba lanu, ichi ndi choyamba komanso chachikulu cha matenda a currant. Matendawa angayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mbeu ndi kuyanika kwa nthambi za currant. Kulimbana ndi matendawa ndikochitira tchire ndi phytosporin, ngati izi sizikuthandizani, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito Bordeaux acid. Zitetezo zoterezi ziyenera kuchitika kasanu ndi kawiri ndi masiku khumi.
Terry (kubwerera)
Kubwezeretsedwa kumakhudza mitundu yonse ya currant, popanda chosiyana, chifukwa causative wothandizira wa chomeracho amabisika mu timadziti. Zikuwonekera makamaka mu mtundu wa violet: zamkati zimakhala zofiirira ndi zopapatiza, zipatso sizimangidwe. Ngati chomera chanu chikukhudzidwa kale, ndiye kuti fano la nthambi kapena masamba sizingathandize. Apa tikukamba za chiwonongeko cha chitsamba chonse. Pofuna kupewa matendawa, m'pofunika kuwonjezera potaziyamu, phosphorous m'nthaka, komanso mukhoza kuthirira mbewu ndi manganese ndi boron njira.
Ndikofunikira! Manyowa a mavitrojeni okha amathandiza kuti chitukukochi chikule.
Nektrievaya kuyanika mphukira ndi nthambi za currant
Matendawa ndi amodzi mwa "oopsa kwambiri" a currants, omwe amakhudza kwambiri zofiira ndi zoyera za currants ndipo zimatsogolera kuumitsa kwathunthu kwa nthambi za currant. Chizindikiro choyamba ndi maonekedwe a ziphuphu zofiira zofiira m'munsi mwa nthambi. Pofuna kupewa matendawa, m'pofunika kutsata malamulo a agrotechnology, ndipo ngati yayamba kale kuthengo, nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwazi ziyenera kudulidwa ndi kuwotchedwa, ndipo zilondazo ziyenera kumangidwa ndi munda.
Zojambula (streaky) mosaic
Kawirikawiri processing ya currants kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda sikuthandizira kupewa matenda a tizilombo - zojambula (streaky) mosaic. Kawirikawiri matendawa amabwera tchire kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chizindikiro chokha: pa masamba, kuzungulira mitsempha yayikulu yomwe imawonekera mdima wonyezimira, womwe nthawi yowonjezera ikukula. Pachifukwa ichi, sikofunika kulankhula za mankhwala a currants, njira yokhayo ndiyo kuchotsa chitsamba ndikuwotcha. Koma, njira zothandizira zikhoza kuchitika: kukonza chitsamba kuchokera ku tizilombo panthaŵi yake, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zathanzi kubzala.
Grey kuvunda
Grey kuvunda - matenda a fungal, chifukwa masamba amasanduka mtundu wofiirira, ndipo white currant ingakhudzidwe ngakhale ndi nkhuni.
Mukudziwa?Grey kuvunda amakhudza pafupi zomera zonse za mabulosi.
Ngati chitsamba chanu chikukhudzidwa, chidzatsogolera ku "imfa" ya masamba, kuwonongeka kwa ubwino wa zipatso ndi kufa kwa mbewu yonse. Njira yaikulu yolimbana ndi matendawa ndikusonkhanitsa ndi kuwononga malo okhudzidwawo, ndipo mukhoza kuthanso zomera ndi fungicides, koma izi zikhoza kuchitika kokha musanapangidwe zipatso. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito pa nthawi ya maluwa.
Kutentha kwachitsulo
Ng'ombe yamoto imapezeka m'chilimwe. Mvula yofunda komanso yamvula - iyi ndiyo yaikulu ya matendawa, yomwe imakhudza kwambiri currant. Kuteteza tchire ku matendawa, muyenera nthawi zonse kutembenukira masamba agwa, ndondomeko baka ndi 1% Bordeaux madzi. Ndibwino kuti mugwirizane ndi zochitika zitatuzi: pamene ikufalikira, pakupanga masamba ndipo utatha mtundu. Ndikofunika kumasula nthaka nthawi, koma osati kuya (pafupifupi 3-5 cm). Koma njira yaikulu ndikusankhira malo abwino oti mubzalidwe: dzimbiri limatuluka pafupipafupi pafupi ndi mitengo ya coniferous, choncho imbani chitsamba bwinoko kwa iwo.
Septoria (woyera malo) pa currants
Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha bowa omwe amakhala pa masamba osagwa. Pa masamba aang'ono, mawanga a bulauni amawoneka, ndi chitukuko chomwe cholembera choyera chimapezeka pakati pa speck, chomwe chimakula ndi nthawi yomwe malo oyera amakhalabe mu chimango chofiira. M'madera a matenda baka ankachitira ndi nitrafenom, ndipo ngati kuwonongeka kwambiri, ndiye muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la mkuwa sulfate. Koma polimbana ndi matendawa, nkofunika kusamaliritsa currants, koma nthawi yoti muchite, ndipo ndibwino kuti muzichita kumayambiriro kwa masika musanayambe masamba.
Ndikofunikira!Nthiti zambiri zamsongole zimathandiza kuti matenda akule.
Kuyanika kwa mphukira ndi nthambi za currant
Aliyense amadziwa kuti gawo la matabwa a currant ndi otsika kwambiri, koma chizindikiro cha matendawa ndi kutayika kwa chitsamba ndi kuoneka kwa ming'alu pa thunthu ndi nthambi. Mu ming'aluyi mumapezeka bowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kufala kwa matendawa. Njira zolimbana ndi kuyanika ndi zophweka: kutsatira malamulo a agrotechnology ndi kukonza zigawo ndi Bordeaux madzi (100 g pa 10 l madzi).
Kupewa matenda a currant
Malangizo oyambirira ndi ofunikira kwambiri polimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - kutsata malamulo a zaulimi, monga kumasula nthawi zonse nthaka ndi kukumba kuthengo. Ambiri amadzikweza ndi munda wamaluwa obiriwira, koma musalole kuti wandiweyani kubzala, chifukwa izi muyenera kudula nthambi za tchire.
Tizilombo toononga: Mmene Mungamenyere
Kuteteza currants kuchokera ku tizirombo kumapeto kwenikweni kumakhala ndi njira zothandizira. Koma ngati munda wanu wayamba kale kugwidwa ndi tizilombo, ndiye musayambe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamagetsi, chifukwa zingathe kuvulaza mbewu yanu. Poyamba, mukhoza kuyesa mankhwala ochizira, monga decoctions, infusions ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Tidzakambirana zambiri za momwe iwo amagwirira ntchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe.
Njenjete yazaka ziwiri
Nyongolotsi ya pepala imayambitsa masamba ndi zipatso za kuthengo. Nyongolotsi ya pepala ikuwoneka ngati mbozi mpaka 22 mm kukula. Apanso, chifukwa cha maonekedwe awo akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa masamba otsala, omwe amawombera. Mbozi imasanduka gulugufe pakati pa mwezi wa May kuchokera mazira omwe amaikidwa pa masamba ndi majeremusi a zipatso. Mbozi imadya masamba kuchokera mkati. Mbozi imodzi yoteroyo ikhoza kudya masamba 30 pa sabata. Tizilombo timatuluka m'masiku 50. Kwa kubereka, agulugufe amaika mazira pa zipatso zowonongeka kale. Mukhoza kumenyana ndi njenjete ya zaka ziwiri mwa kupopera tchire ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Antio, Gardona, Zolon.
Willow shchitovka
Mayi ndi azimayi ali osiyana: azimayi ali ndi makwinya, amawoneka ngati mapeyala, ataphimbidwa ndi khungu lofiirira. Mphongo ali ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, ndi grooves awiri, mapiko awiri, ndi antenna. Mkaziyo amavala mazira ofiira a phokoso m'makungwa a nthambi zachitsamba. Kukhazikitsa ndi kutsitsimutsa kwa mphutsi kumatenga nthawi yonse kuchokera ku currant budding mpaka kumapeto kwa maluwa. Kawirikawiri msondodzi shchitovka amatenga tchire zomwe sizikusamalidwa. Njira yothetsera tizilombo imeneyi ndi yokhayo: kudula tchire choonongeka ndi chiwonongeko chawo. Pofuna kupewa, mungathe kukonza mapiri a asidi kumayambiriro a masika, kutentha kosapitirira madigiri 4.
Jamu kukwera pin
Moto wa jamu ndi butterfly, yomwe mapiko ake amakhala olemera masentimita atatu, pamene thupi limakula mpaka 2 cm m'litali. Mbozi ndi yobiriwira kwambiri, ndipo gulugufe limakhala ndi mapiko ndi mzere wofiira ndi mawanga ofiira. Mazira omwe amaika pamwamba pa nthaka, m'magulu a zibwebwe. Pamene agulugufe amaoneka (pakati pa mwezi wa April), amaika mazira awo mu mtundu wa chitsamba ndi masamba. Polimbana ndi ogniyevka pa currants ali m'nthawi yake kuyeretsa wa cobwebs ku tchire, ndipo pambuyo maluwa izo m'pofunika kuti spray chitsamba ndi tizilombo. Kulimbana ndi ognevku hilling nthaka mulch (wosanjikiza pafupifupi masentimita 8).
Mukudziwa?Pambuyo maluwa, chitsamba chiyenera kutsegulidwa mpweya ndi kusintha ubwino wa zipatso.
Jekeseni wa sawfly
Mphutsi ya tizilombo toyambitsa matendayi ndi yobiriwira ndipo nthawi zambiri timakhala tomwe timapanga timadzi timene timakhala tomwe timapanga timadzi tokoma 12-15 masentimita. Mkazi mmodzi akhoza kukhala mazira 150 pa sabata. Tizilombo timakula mwamsanga, ndipo m'nyengo ya chilimwe, mibadwo iwiri kapena itatu ikhoza kukhala pawebusaiti yanu.
Njira zolimbana ndi kagawulu zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi kulimbana ndi tizirombo tina, kusiyana kokha ndikuti kupopera mbewu kumayenera kuchitika mu magawo awiri: motsutsana ndi mbadwo woyamba - kuchokera panthawi yomwe mphukira yapangidwira komanso isanayambe, ndipo gawo lachiwiri - mutangotha maluwa. Ngati, mutatha kukolola, tizilombo tayamba kuphulika, ndiye kupopera tizilombo tingathe kuchitanso. Njira yosavuta yothana ndi sawfly ndiyo kuchotsa mphutsi pamanja.
Jamu Kuwombera Aphid
Nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhala m'madera ena: mphutsi zachisanu mumphepete mwa mphukira yaing'ono, ndipo m'nyengo yachisanu, "imafalitsa" anyamata ake m'tchire. Kugonjetsedwa kwa aphid koloni kumayambitsa masamba aang'ono kuti awume ndipo, motero, amafa. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la sopo: 300 g pa 10 malita a madzi. Kuti chiwonongeko cha tizilombo chigwiritsenso ntchito ndalama kuchokera ku anthracnose. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi othandiza, koma sizingapangidwe ndi zipatso.
Jamu jamu
Zakudya za njenjete zimadya masamba: poyamba amakola mabowo ang'onoang'ono, ndiye, pamodzi ndi iwo, "kukulunga" mu kowa ndi kugwa pansi. Mzimayi amaika mazira ake m'chilimwe mkati mwa tsamba. Nkhumbazi ndi zazikulu kwambiri - mapiko awo akhoza kukhala masentimita asanu 5. Njira zothana ndi njenjete zimakhala zofanana ndi tizirombo tina: kupopera mbewu ndi tizilombo todwalitsa, kugwedeza mphutsi ndi dzanja, kumasula nthaka.
Mapepala aphimba aphid
Tizilomboti tili ndi dzina lina - aphidi wofiira "aphid. Kawirikawiri amatha kugonjetsa pamphuno la mphukira, pafupi ndi masamba. M'nyengo yozizira, pamene kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano kumacheperachepera, zimapita ku zomera zikukula pafupi, ndipo pofika m'dzinja iwo amasamukira ku chitsamba. Mkazi amaoneka m'chilimwe ndipo amafalitsa ana awo. Kawirikawiri amakhala mkati mwa tsamba, akudya. Kuphulika kofiira-kofiira - magalls amawonekera pa tsamba lowonongeka. Sopo yothetsera, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (mankhwala kumayambiriro kwa kasupe), kutsekemera ndi njira zabwino zothetsera tizilombo.
Mukudziwa?Ambiri - tizilombo towononga tizilombo.
Kangaude mite
Tizilombo tating'ono timene timayamwa timayambitsa masamba a chitsamba, ndikuwapanga "marble", kenako amauma ndi kugwa. Mphutsi izi zimakhala kumbali ya tsamba, ndipo nyengo yozizira imagwiritsidwa pansi pa masamba ogwa. Powononga tsamba, nthata zimachepetsa kwambiri zokolola ndi khalidwe la zipatso. Nthawi zambiri kangaude amamera namsongole, kenako "amasunthira" ku chitsamba. Ndikofunika kumenyana ndi nkhupakupa musanayambe kuika mazira: kupopera mbewu iliyonse yamatayira idzakhala njira yothandiza.
Ndikofunikira! Amafunikamankhwala ena, monga nkhupakupa zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, ndipo zotsatira panthawi sizingakhalepo.
Njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kuthirira madzi otentha ndi madzi otentha ndi kuwonjezera potaziyamu permanganate (madzi ayenera kukhala otumbululuka pinki).
Impso mole
Ntchentche izi tizilombo m'makungwa a currant akubwerera. Mukhoza kusiyanitsa kamwana kakang'ono - ndi kofiira, ndipo wakale ndi wobiriwira. Mphukira imadya pa masamba ndi zipatso, komanso imawononga mphukira m'nyengo yozizira. Mazira amaikidwa mumtunda wobiriwira, komwe amadyera mbewu, kuteteza mabulosi kuti asafike. Njira zolimbirana ndi izi: kudula mitengo yowonongeka ndi mphukira m'dzinja, mankhwala ndi Malophos (10%) osaposa kawiri pa nyengo. Nkofunikanso kuyang'anitsitsa kusalima kwake ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, kuyeretsa malo otsetsereka.
Currant ndulu midges
Pali mitundu itatu ya ndulu midges yomwe imatha kuwononga currants yanu: mphukira, maluwa ndi masamba. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi yofanana, ngakhale imawoneka nthawi zosiyana: ikuwombera - panthawi yamaluwa a currants, masamba - kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, ndi maluwa - panthawi yopanga masamba. Amaika mazira m'njira zosiyanasiyana: masamba - pamagulu aang'ono, osalola kuti asungunuke; maluwa - maluwa, omwe amatsirizira chikasu kapena redden ndipo samagwa pansi popanda kuphulika; Akuwombera - pansi pa mphukira, zomwe zili kale zophimba. Pofuna kuthana ndi ndulu midges, muyenera kudula mphukira ndi zowonongeka ndi kutulutsa tizilombo panthawi yopanga masamba.
Currant Zlatka
Currant Zlatka - Ndi kachilomboka kamene kamakhala kasupe, kamene kakang'ono. Zowonongeka nthawi zambiri zimakhala mphukira. Mphutsi imathamangira kumapeto kwa May - kumayambiriro kwa June. Mphutsi imapanga "tunnels" pakati pa mphukira. Nthambi zomwe zawononga nsomba za golide zimakhala zowuma ndikufa, ndipo kukula kwa otsalira ndi kochepa kwambiri. Amamenyana ndi golide ndi kuwonongeka kwa mphukira zowonongeka ndi kutentha kwawo. Ранней весной можно опрыскивать кусты парижской зеленью (15 г на 10 л воды, а для лучшего эффекта можно добавить еще 30 г извести).
Смородинный почковой клещ
Смородинный почковой клещ - самое опасное насекомое-вредитель для смородины, потому что он поражает почки, питается ими же и, что хуже всего, зимует в них. Pakati pa nyengo, mibadwo yambiri ya nthata ikhoza kuoneka m'munda, chifukwa zomera zonse zomwe zimatengedwa ndi mphepo. Njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito impso nkhuku ndi kudula mitengo yowonongeka panthawi yake komanso kuchotsa tchire. Pofuna kupewa nkhupakupa, mungathe kubzala anyezi kapena adyo pakati pa tchire - nkhupakupa sizimakonda fungo loopsa. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zathanzi kuti mubzalidwe, kuti mutsimikizire kuti mutha kusunga mbewu mu madzi otentha kwa mphindi 15-20.
Munda wa galasi
Amagalasi aakazi amaika mazira pa makungwa owonongeka a nthambi ndi thunthu. Mbozi yomwe imathamanga imatha kufika masentimita 40. Mbozi imathera nyengo ziwiri mu makungwa, pang'onopang'ono "kupanga njira yawo" kumtunda. Galasiyiyo imadziwonekera pambuyo pa maluwa. Gulugufe ndi nyongolotsi, mtundu wa lilac-wakuda ndi mikwingwirima yambiri m'mimba. Kulimbana ndi galasi mbale pa currants ndizovuta. Zimaphatikizapo nthawi yowonongeka kwa tchire, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuyendera chitsamba nthawi zonse ndi mafuta a magawo omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Chitetezo Choletsa Tizilombo
Kupewa tizirombo tiyenera kuyamba nthawi yozizira isanafike: Kupopera mbewu zitsamba mu kugwa, kuyeretsa masamba akugwa - zonsezi zidzakuthandizani kuteteza tchire ku matenda ndi tizirombo currants. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pachitetezo ndi kusankhidwa kwabwino kwa mankhwala: ndikofunika kuti alibe nayitrogeni mu maonekedwe awo. Kuwonjezera apo, nkofunika kumasula ndi kukumba pansi pakapita nthawi, yomwe idzawononga tizirombo zomwe zimakhala kumtunda. Inde, mlimi aliyense akulota munda wokongola wokhala ndi mabulosi ambirimbiri, koma musayiwale kuti kubzala kwakukulu kumangokuvulaza zomera zanu. Moyo wanu wa zitsamba za mabulosi umadalira momwe mumasamalirira, chifukwa chirichonse chimakula ndikukula , ngati muyika chikondi chanu mmenemo.
