Mwayi wokha pakati pa owerenga athu palibe munthu mmodzi amene amakonda mphesa, ndendende.
Ndipotu, mphesa si zokoma zokha, koma zothandiza kwambiri.
Komanso, pafupifupi aliyense wa ife akulakalaka kukula kwa mbewuyi pafupi ndi nyumba yathu kapena nyumba ya chilimwe.
Ndipotu, chomerachi sikuti chimangopatsa zipatso zokoma, komanso chokongoletsera cha bwalo ndi munda.
Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, kukula mphesa si kophweka, choncho njira yosavuta yopezera zosagonjetsedwa osati mitundu yambiri.
Pachifukwa ichi, tikufuna kupereka gawo kwa mphesa osati ndi zipatso zazikulu komanso zokoma, komanso zosasangalatsa.
Zidzakhala za "Choyambirira", zofala kwambiri ku Ukraine ndi Russia.
Kodi chiyambi cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesayi ndi yotani?
Mitundu ya mphesayi inabadwa mwa kuyesetsa kwa akatswiri obereketsa ku Ukraine. Chifukwa cha kuyambuka kwa mitundu ya makolo monga Damasiko Rose ndi Datier de Saint-Valle mphesa, mitundu yatsopano ya mphesa imakhala ndi maonekedwe okongola komanso abwino. Cholinga chachikulu cha mphesa zoyambirira ndi tebulo, chifukwa pamene zatsopano, zipatso zake zimakhala ndi zokoma zosangalatsa ndipo zimangokhalira kuchotsedwa patebulo.
Mitengo ya mphesa yakhala ikuwundana, koma kum'mwera kwa Belarus, kukolola kungatheke pamene mukukula chitsamba mu filimu wowonjezera kutentha.
Zizindikiro za magulu a mphesa "Choyambirira": Kodi kusiyana kotani ndi mitundu ina?
Zipatso za mitundu iyi ya mphesa zimayimilidwa ndi masango akulu ndi zipatso zabwino kwambiri. Kulemera kwa gulu limodzi la mphesa "Choyambirira" ndi 500 magalamu. Malingana ndi teknoloji yaulimi, kukula kwake kumatha kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka kufika 1.5 kilogalamu. Mapangidwe a masangowa amapezeka mwachindunji; mu kapangidwe kawo amawopsya kapena amawopsya. Zipatso zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyambirira komanso osazolowereka.
Ambiri mwawo ndi ovate, koma mawonekedwe a mthunzi, omwe ali ndi chizindikiro chachitsulo. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awa, zipatso za zosiyanasiyanazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zokongoletsera, makamaka popeza kukula kwake kumakhala kwakukulu - pafupifupi, masentimita 3x2.2. Kulemera kwake kwa mabulosi amodzi ndi pafupifupi 5-7 magalamu.
Ponena za maonekedwe a mphesa zoyamba, amadziwika ndi khungu lokongola la pinki kapena loyera-pinki lomwe lili ndi tani kumbali ya dzuwa. Khungu la chipatsocho ndi lalikulu, koma silikukhudzanso kukoma kwa mphesa kwa zipatsozi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti wapadera kwambiri kukoma kwa mphesa za zosiyanasiyana zimapatsa shuga wambiri - pafupifupi 20%. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mlingo wa acidity wawo ndi 5g / l okha.
Mbali za zokolola za "Choyambirira" zosiyana ndi nthawi yake yosonkhanitsa
Chifukwa cha shrub yamphamvu, Mphesa zoyamba zimatha kusangalatsa munda wamaluwa ndi zokolola zabwino kwambiri, ngakhale kuti zimayesedwa ngati zowonjezera ponena za mitundu yodzikweza. Makamaka, katundu wokwanira pa chitsamba chimodzi ndi pafupi mabowo 35-40. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kusasitsa kwa mphukira za mphesazi ndizokulu kwambiri - 65-80% - ndipo ndi maziko a zokolola zomwe zingatheke.
Pa mphukira imodzi ya chitsamba, pafupifupi masamba 1.2-1.7 akukula, omwe ndi zokolola zokwanira zosiyanasiyana. Kotero, ngakhale ndi kulima amateur, izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu ya fruiting.
Kukolola mphesa "Choyamba" mukhoza kuyamba kumapeto kwa August, m'madera akumpoto - kumayambiriro kwa September. Nyengo yokula imakhala masiku 135-145 okha.zomwe zimatipangitsa kuti tizipereka mphesa zosiyanasiyana nthawi yokolola.
Ndi kuchotsa pang'ono masamba a chitsamba pa kucha kwa zipatso, mphesa zipse osati bwino, koma mofanana.
Kodi ubwino wa mphesa "Choyamba": mwachidule za zinthu zofunika kwambiri
• Maonekedwe a mphesa ndi mtundu wa zipatso zimapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogulitsidwa bwino.
• Chitsamba cha mphesa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana chimapangitsa kuti nyengo yozizira ikhale yochepa, makamaka, Chipatso cha masamba sichiwonongeka pa -22ºС. Komabe, mphesa zimapangabe malo ogona.
• Zawonjezeka kukaniza matenda opatsirana kwambiri omwe angakhudze minda yamphesa.
• Kudula kumachokera bwino. Mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa zipatso ukhoza kupezeka powaphatikizira pa masamba akale ndi matabwa ambiri.
• Chitsamba chimakhala ndi maluwa amodzi, omwe amalola kuti izi zinyama zizikula pa sitelo.
• Njira yabwino yokhalira pawekha: ngakhale chitsamba chimodzi ndikwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa za mphesa kwa banja limodzi.
Zoipa za mitundu ya "Yoyamba" ya mphesa
Ngakhale kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesayi ikuoneka bwino kwambiri, zipatso zake zimatengedwa mosavuta. Ngakhale kuti angathe kukhalabe okhulupirika, zipatsozo zimachoka mosavuta ku tsinde, zikagwedezeka, mofulumira kusiya gulu lamaliseche. Mavitaminiwo ali ndi thupi laling'ono, lomwe si aliyense amene ayenera kulawa.
Vuto lalikulu likhoza kubweretsa masitepe ambiri ndi mbewu yachiwiri, yomwe imapangidwa pa iwo. Mbewu imeneyi imatenga zakudya zambiri ndi chitsamba chamtchire, chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri mbewu. Pachifukwa ichi, ana opeza akulimbikitsidwa kuti achoke. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, nthawi yokolola siimakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira chifukwa cha nyengo yochuluka yokhalapo, yomwe imakhala yosiyana siyana.
Ndiponso, pansi pa mavuto mavuto a maluwa a chitsamba chitsamba, zipatso akhoza nandolo. Chifukwa cha ichi, kugulitsa kwa mbewu kumachepa kwambiri, koma mwa njira iliyonse ndizosatheka kuti izi zitheke.
Kukula mphesa "Choyambirira" pa chiwembu: malangizo ndi ndondomeko
Ngati mutayamba kubzala mphesa nthawi yoyamba, ndiye kuti kukonzekera kwa njirayi n'kofunika kwambiri. Kupanda kutero, mumayesetsa kuwononga ngakhale kumera kwabwino kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, ndizofunika kuti mphesa ikhale malo abwino okulira, kumene chitsamba chidzatetezedwa ku chimfine kupyolera mu mphepo, koma mlengalenga pozungulira iyo siidzatha. Ganizirani motsatira mbali zonse za njirayi.
Kodi nthawi yabwino yobzala mphesa ndi iti?
Mphesa ndi ya mitundu ya mbewu za m'munda zomwe zingabzalidwe m'dzinja ndi masika. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ndizosayankhidwa kuyankha funsolo, ndi nthawi yanji yoyenera, popeza aliyense ali ndi ubwino wake ndi zina zotsikira.
Ubwino wodzala mphesa m'dzinja ndizoti nthawi zambiri nthaka imakhala yodzaza ndi mvula yambiri yophukira. Choncho, simudzasowa chidwi kwambiri, chifukwa mphesa zidzasungidwa bwino nthawi yonse yachisanu, chifukwa zimapatsidwa chinyezi chofunikira. Kuphatikizapo, ndendende M'kugwa, malo osungirako apadera akugulitsa mitundu yambiri ya mitundu, yomwe mungasankhe yathanzi kwambiri.
Kudyetsa kwachangu kumachitika pakati pa mwezi wa Oktoba, koma kungachedwetsedwe mu September kapena November, malingana ndi nyengo ya dera.
Kuwonjezera apo, kubzala kwa mphesa kumakhalapo chifukwa chakuti mmera uli ndi nyengo yonse yomwe ikukula patsogolo, yomwe imasintha bwino ndipo imakula. Kuwonjezera apo, mu kasupe kubzala kwa zobiriwira mbande zomwe zinakula kuchokera ku cuttings obzalidwa mu February ndizotheka. Kawirikawiri, kasupe kawirikawiri kamasankhidwa ngati wina akuwopa kuti sapling yomwe imabzalidwa m'dzinja idzawombera m'nyengo yozizira, yomwe ingatheke mosavuta ikayikidwa mosamala.
Momwe mungalengeze mphesa "Choyamba": Ndi njira ziti zobzala zabwino zomwe mungasankhe?
Kawirikawiri, mphesa zikhoza kufalikira m'njira zinayi:
• Kubzala mphesa zopangira mphesa, zomwe zinakula kuchokera ku cuttings, pamzu wawo.
• Kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa pamatengo ndi mitengo yosatha.
• Kukula mbande za mbewu za mphesa za mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
• Zokwera kuchokera ku chitsamba chachikulu chokhala ndi mphukira zambiri.
Akatswiri amasonyeza zimenezo Mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa zipatso za mphesa "Choyambirira" ukhoza kupindulidwa pokhapokha pothandizidwa pazitsamba zakale zosathaamene atha kale kukhala ndi matabwa ambiri. Chifukwa cha iye komanso mizu yotukuka bwino, tsinde lomwe latenga mizu itatha kukalumikiza limalandira zakudya zambiri komanso limakula mofulumira komanso molimba.
Mukakhala kuti mulibe katundu, kubzala mphesa pamidzi yanu ndi njira yabwino. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, chomwe tifotokozera pansipa, mpesa wotere umatha kusonyeza zotsatira zabwino. Njira ziwiri zotsalira mphesa zimalinso zothandiza, komabe sizitchuka kwambiri.
Komanso chidwi chowerenga za mphesa zamkati
Kodi mphesa zimakonda kukula?
Mphesa sichinthu china chilichonse, koma zofooka zina za mbeu zimayenera kuziganizira. Tanena kale kuti ma drafts ozizira amatsutsana ndi iye. Choncho, Malo abwino oti mubzala mphesa adzakhala mbali ya kumwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo kwa nyumba yanu kapena dongosolo lina lakumbuyo. Pankhaniyi, zomera sizidzatetezedwa, koma zidzalandire dzuwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu.
Pafupifupi dothi lililonse lidzagwirizana ndi mphesa, ngakhale kuti ndibwino kusankha malo achonde ndi ofunda. Mukakhala kuti malo anu ali ndi mchenga kapena dongo, amatha kukhala ochuluka ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito feteleza ochulukirapo kwa zaka 1-2.
Komanso, ndifunika kuganizira mlingo wa madzi apansi, omwe angasokoneze chitsamba. Kuzama kwakukulu kwa iwo sizoposa mamita 1.5. Ndikofunika kulingalira mtunda wa pakati pa tchire, kuti asatenge chinyezi ndi zakudya kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Pakati pa tchire lokula molimba mumzere womwewo, mukuyenera kutembenuza osachepera 2 mamita, ngakhale bwino - mamita 6. Ngati mphesa zimabzalidwa pafupi ndi chipinda chapansi cha nyumbayi, muyenera kusuntha pafupifupi mita imodzi kuchokapo.
Kujambula grafting oyambirira graft cuttings ku malonda
Kuphatikizidwa kwachitsulo ku chitsa ndi chophweka. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kukonzekera bwino cuttings ndi stock. Cuttings adadulidwa ku mphukira za fruiting mpesa. Mmodzi woyang'ana maso pa chogwirira - 2-3. Kukonzekera kwa cuttings kumachitika m'dzinja, pamene chitsamba chimapita m'nyengo yamtendere. Ngati simungayambe kuigwiritsa ntchito mu kugwa, mukhoza kusunga iyo mwa kudzaza mchenga ndikuisiya mu chipinda momwe kutentha sikugwera pansipa 12ºС. Kotero kuti phesi ikhoza kusunga chinyezi, icho chiyenera kuti chikhale chotsitsidwa.
Pozumikizitsa molunjika, kudula kumadulidwa pansi. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, pamphepete mwace muyenera kupanga mzere wozungulira, kusiya mapewa awiri kumbali. Komanso, kuti adzuke mofulumira, asanamangirizanitse, kudula kwake kumatsikira m'madzi ndi njira zowonjezera, monga "Humate".
Kukonzekera kwa katundu ndiko kuchotsa chitsamba chakale ndi kuyeretsa malo odulidwa kuti ukhale wabwino komanso ukhondo. Chimodzimodzi pakati pa katundu ndi nkhwangwa ndi nyundo, kupatukana kosazama kumapangidwa. Ndiko kumene kudula kumayikidwa. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunika kugawanika kugawanika mbali yokhayokha, kuti maso onse akhale pamwamba. Kuwonjezera apo, kudula kumakhala kolimba kwambiri ndi katundu, womwe umayendetsedwa ndi nsalu yolimba.
Malo opatsirana ndi katemera ndi odulidwa dongo.. Pambuyo pake, katunduyo amathiriridwa mochuluka, ndipo nthaka yozungulira iyo ili ndi mulch. Musaiwale za thandizo la tsogolo la chitsamba, zomwe muyenera kukumba pafupi ndi katundu.
Zomwe zimabzala mbewu za mphesa mitundu "Yoyamba"
Ngati mulibe chodzala mphesa, ndi bwino kupita kugula kuti mukamere. Mukhoza kuzindikira khalidwe lake ndi mtundu woyera wa mizu ndi kagawo kakang'ono ka pamwamba pake. Mbewu yomwe idagulidwa imatha kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo kapena kusungidwa mpaka masika yokha. Asanafike, amaika m'madzi masiku angapo. Mizu ikhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi kukula stimulator, komanso kudula.
Gombe la mphesa likuyenera kukonzekera masabata angapo musanadzalemo. Kuzama kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri, osachepera 0,8 mamita, kuti apange feteleza zambiri pansi. Monga ndowa 2-3 zomalizira zabwino za humus ndi nthaka yachonde, yotengedwa kuchokera pamwamba pa mpira wa dziko lapansi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusakaniza uku ndi kudzaza pafupifupi dzenje lonse, kusiya malo okha kuti mizu ikhale yochepa.
Mukamabzala mphesa, Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti khosi la muzu wa mbeu yake lisakhale pansi. Choncho, m'pofunikira kuukweza kumtunda kotero kuti ngakhale kuganizira za nthaka, inali pamwamba pa pamwamba. Choncho, moyenera kutaya sapling mu dzenje, timapitanso ku pulasitiki. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti zisamawononge mizu. Pa theka la ndondomekoyi, mukhoza kutsanulira chidebe cha madzi m'dzenje kuti mutseke nthaka ndi kusasiya mipata ya mpweya.
Kuzaza dzenje lonse ndi pulasitiki, imayenera kutsanulira ndi ndowa ziwiri za madzi ndipo, monga momwe zikulumikizanitsa, kuti zizitha kuzungulira nthaka yozungulira.
Kusamalira mphesa "Choyamba": timapanga malo abwino a kukula kwa fruiting
Pofuna kulimbikitsa kukula kwa chitsamba ndi kupanga mapepala, onetsetsani kuti mumadziwe ndikudyetsa. Makamaka, kutsirira ndikofunika kwambiri kuti tichite nthawi isanayambe maluwa ndi kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe am'tsogolo. Madzi sayenera kutsanulidwa pansi pa shtamb. Ndi bwino kupanga zozizira zingapo kuzungulira izo ndikuwonjezera chinyezi chonse chofunikira pamenepo.
Pambuyo pake, grooves amaikidwa m'manda ndi nsalu, kuti chinyezi chikhalebe m'nthaka. Mulch wabwino kwambiri wa mphesa ndi wofiira utuchi kapena nkhalango zakuda.
Kuonjezera zokolola, chitsamba chimafuna kudyetsa ndi kudulira nthawi zonse. Mukhoza kudyetsa mphesa ndi mineral feteleza, zomwe potaziyamu ndi phosphorous zili bwino, komanso organic. Koma ndi feteleza ndi kofunika kuti musapitirize kutero komanso kuti musawabweretse ku mizu (mukhoza kuchita zofanana ndi kuthirira).
Kudulira mphesa "Choyambirira" ndizolimba kwambiri, ndibwino kuti muchotse maso 8 mpaka 12 pa mphukira iliyonse yopindulitsa. Kuwonjezera apo, kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, onetsetsani kuchotsa ana opeza ndi woonda kunja masamba. Chifukwa cha izi, chitsamba chidzakhala bwino mpweya wokwanira, ndipo zokololazo ndibwino kuti zipse.
Nkofunika kuchita njira yopopera mbewu mankhwalawa a mpesa chitsamba cha izi zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku matenda a fungal. Mankhwalawa amachitika nthawi imodzi monga ulimi wothirira. Akatswiri amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga Antracol, Copper Oxide kapena Horus.
